The Case of the Disengaged Distant Learner. (Gamification)

Twitter:@kkapp
Gamification
of Learning
By Karl M. Kapp
USDLA Keynote May 5, 2016
Professor , Bloomsburg University
Author: Gamification of Learning and Instruction

Related Resources…
Lynda.com Course: Gamification of LearningYouTube Video
Web Site:www.karlkapp.com
Books

For:
Notes/Slides
Additional Ideas
www.karlkapp.com
www.karlkapp.com/kapp-notes

USDLA Lunchtime
Theatre Presents

t was a quiet Monday morning, very
quiet, really quiet… almost too…

Then, out of nowhere, she flew into my office,
like a Dean who had a problem that needed
solved …
Hi Dean.

I have a problem that
needs to be solved.

We need more
engagement.
She wanted to increase online student
engagement and have more interactive
learning for our online students.

You came to the right
instructor that’s what I do…

Yeah, I know…that’s
why I hired you. Ugh..
Now take the new person here
and go ask Clyde, he went to a
conference on the subject.

For some reason, she didn’t seem bothered
by the fact that she was breaking the
school’s no smoking policy…

Here’s where you come in. Help me figure
out the clues …and fast.

Stakes are high and time is short.

Online Students not Engaged? Why?
Learning Eagle
May 11, 2016See Section F for Coupons
USDLA Called Into
Action!
By Harry James
St. Louis, MO– It started out as
just another normal day. Larry
the Learner had just sat at his
desk to embark on a learning
journey. A journey that turned
horrific within only a few
moments.
The result is unnecessary
incident that could and should
have been avoided by having
the right instructional strategy
coupled with the right content.
The news of disengagement was spreading…

We need to find Ivan…the Informant...

I knew one of his old haunts…

He was about as friendly as a fly at a fly
strip convention.
Hello, Clueless…

Look I am going to ask you some
questions, the right answer gives you
a clue to interactive online learning.
He was about as friendly as a fly at a fly
strip convention.

What do you and your detectives here have
to say about this?

Are Game-based Learning and Gamification are the same thing?
Are Games and Gamification are the same
thing?

Enter Question TextNext clue, how many types of gamification are
there?

There are two types of
gamification.

He grabbed his typewriter and made some
notes to explain to me the difference between
the two types of gamification.

Structural
Gamification is
use of game-
elements to propel
a learner through
content with no
alteration or
changes to the
content.
Structural:
 Points
 Badges
 Leaderboard

Content
Gamification use
of game thinking
to alter content
to make it more
game-like but
doesn’t turn the
content into a
game.
Content:
 Challenge
 Story
 Characters
 Missions

Ivan then grabbed his laptop to show me a
demonstration of the two types.

First Structural Gamification….

Gamification
The concept of gamification
Consists of many different
elements.
These elements can include:
• Story
• Character
• Mystery
• Curiosity
• Curve of Interest
• Surprise
• Chance
• Points
• Badges
Screen captures courtesy of MindTickle….

Then he demonstrated content gamification....

It was a little like déjá vu ….this content
gamification…..

It has elements of story, characters and
content that was altered to be more game-like…

Welcome back detectives, let me
tell you about a robust educational
phenomenon called “Spaced
Retrieval”
Sometimes called “Distributed
Practice.”

Let me tell you about a study using a randomized
control group in a trial at ten sites in southeast
India with over 500 subjects.
Working Indian men (aged 35—55 years) with
impaired glucose tolerance were randomly
assigned to either a mobile phone messaging
intervention or standard care..
Ramachandran, A. et. al. Effectiveness of mobile phone messaging in prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle modification in men in
India: a prospective, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Early Online Publication, 11
September 2013 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70067-6

Ramachandran, A., et. al.., Effectiveness of mobile phone messaging in prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle modification in men in
September 2013 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70067-6
“Avoid snacks while
watching TV; you may
overeat.”
“Use stairs instead
of an Elevator”
“Take stairs instead
of elevator.”
“Don’t eat while watching
TV.

Lowered risk of developing
Type 2 diabetes by 36%.
Ramachandran, A., et. al.., Effectiveness of mobile phone messaging in prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle modification in men in
September 2013 doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70067-6

Now let me tell you about this thing
called “Retrieval Practice.”

Require students to recall content
to enhance learning.
In other words, use testing to
reinforce learning—not just for
evaluation.

“Retrieval Practice” alone can
provide improved recall performance
by as much as 10-20%.

Combining Spaced Retrieval and
Retrieval Practice is really
powerful.
One study in the subject of Anatomy and
Physiology revealed retention benefits of
between 35% and 61% with average of
41%.
Dobson, J. L. (2013) Retrieval practice is an efficient method of enhancing the retention of anatomy
and physiology information Advances in Physiology Education 37: 184–191, 2013;
doi:10.1152/advan.00174.2012

Ivan had another question for me…I was the
one who was supposed to be ask’n questions….
Fact or Fishy? Learners remember
facts better when presented in a
bulleted list rather than presented in
a story?

Researchers have found that the
human brain has a natural affinity for
narrative construction.
Yep, People tend to remember facts
more accurately if they encounter
them in a story rather than in a list.
And they rate legal arguments as more
convincing when built into narrative
tales rather than on legal precedent.
Carey, B. (2007) this is Your Life (and How You Tell it). The
New York Times. Melanie Green
http://www.unc.edu/~mcgreen/research.html. Chapter 2
“The Gamification of Learning and Instruction.

Speer, N. K., Reynolds, J. R., Swallow, K. M., & Zacks, J. M. (2009). Reading Stories Activates Neural
Representations of Visual and Motor Experiences.Psychological Science, 20(8), 989–999.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02397.x
When a person reads about certain
activities in a story, the areas of the
brain associated with those activities
are activated.
The research found that different brain
regions track different aspects of a
story. If the character moved, the
corresponding region of the brain for
physical movement became active.

Thanks, Ivan.Get out of here….
This mystery of interactive learning was
starting to take shape…

Let’s brief the Dean on what we know so far…

So far, so good. Follow the next clue on the
matchbook I found in my desk drawer….

I arrived at the place on the matchbook, as
shady as a clump of oaks caught in an eclipse…

Enter Question TextHmm… What could this location and clue mean???
Tell me. Does engaging instruction start with:

Action draws in the learner and
encourages further engagement.

Too often instruction is about the content
and not about interacting or engaging with
the content.

Make the learner do something
Answer a question
Identify a procedure.
Make a decision.
Solve a mystery.
Confront a challenge.
Pick a team.

Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics
Scott Freemana,1, Sarah L. Eddya, Miles McDonougha, Michelle K. Smithb, Nnadozie Okoroafora, Hannah Jordta,
and Mary Pat Wenderotha. PNAS Early Edition (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

Time for a recap with the boss…she looked a
little frantic…she wanted to know one more
thing.

I want to know one more
thing.
What game elements can
engage learners?

What game elements did we
encounter today that can
engage learners?

Great stuff, you folks really seemed to have
cracked the case as to what makes engaging
learning.

Let me give you one more example.

ExactTarget is a global marketing organization focused
on digital marketing tools – email, mobile, and web
and was recently purchased by Salesforce.com.
ExactTarget is a leading cloud marketing platform
used by more than 6,000 companies including Coca-
Cola, Gap and Nike.

Introducing a new product, MobileConnect and
wanted to bring the sales force up-to-speed on the
features and functionality of the product.

VENDOR
http://www.theknowledgeguru.com/

“I can’t tell you how many people are coming to me wanting another
game solution.”
“The repetition of the different paths helped me retain the information.”
“I’m a pretty competitive person so challenging myself to get one of the
top scores added a layer of fun to learning about the MobileConnect
product.”
“The game was a fun way to learn about MobileConnect. I enjoyed the
scenario-type questions, which put it all into context.”
Player Results

Business Results
Average contract value 2x higher than for previous mobile product.
First call resolution ($35 a call/average) is up 45%.
Of all the launches done in the previous two years prior to
MobileConnect, the sales team built the quickest pipeline for this
product.

I thought my work was done but then….I
found another pack of matches on my way
home…

But we’ll have to leave that mystery for
another presentation….

What game elements went
into this design?

1) Story/Genre
2) Polling/Audience Input
3) Teams
4) Mystery/Curiosity
5) Characters
6) Competition
7) Group Particpation
8) Action

Credits:
Detective Artwork Courtesy of Vanessa Bailey
Typewriter is MS Clip Art
Audience Response Devices by PollEverywhere
Demo of Gamification Software by MindTickle

The Case of the Disengaged Distant Learner. (Gamification)

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