1. Katerina Kernova B 1/2

2. 1870 – Fifteenth Amendment ratified; 1872 – Ballot Act makes voting secret
Farmers’ Alliance founded in Britain
1881 – President Garfield assassinated 1876 – Porifiro Diaz becomes dictator
1883 – Brooklyn Bridge completed; of Mexico
Civil Service Act adopted 1881 – Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in
1888 – First electric trolley line opens Russia
in Richmond, Virginia 1884 – First subway in London opens
1890 – Sherman Antitrust Act passed 1888 – Brazil ends slavery
1895 – Booker T. Washington gives 1889 – Eiffel Tower completed for
Atlanta Compromise speech Paris World Exhibit
1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson establishes 1896 – Athens hosts first modern
“separate but equal” doctrine Olympic games
U.S. Presidents: R. B. Hayes (1877-1881), J.A. Garfield (1881), C. A. Arthur
(1881-1885), G. Cleveland (1885-1889), B. Harrison (1889-1893), G. Cleveland
(1893-1897)

3. In the late nineteenth
century, a major wave of
immigration began. Most
immigrants settled in cities,
where distinctive ethnic
neighborhood emerged.
Some Americans, however,
feared that the new
immigrants would not adapt
to American culture or might
be harmful to American
society.

4. 1. Immigrants from Europe came to
the US from many reasons and
entered the country through Ellis
Island.
2. Asian immigrants arrived on the
West Coast, where they settled
mainly in cities
3. Economic concerns and religious
and ethnic prejudice led some
Americans to push for laws
restricting immigration.
immigration =
1.The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.
2. A government department dealing with applications from foreign
citizens who wish to live in a particular country.

5. Between the Civil War (1865) and the World War I (1914), 25
million Europeans immigrated to the US. More than half of all
immigrants in the US were from eastern and southern Europe.
This period is known as “new” immigration. The “old”
immigration was before year 1890 and the immigrants were
mostly from northern and western Europe. Immigrants were
mostly men. Almost everyone came in hope to find a job, or
better job, or because of high food prices, or to escape religious
persecution.

6.  Often very difficult
 Steerage = the cheapest accommodations on a steamship
 Usually after 14-day journey, the passengers disembarked at Ellis Island, a tiny
island in New York Harbor. There was building serving as the processing center
for many of the immigrants from Europe.
 Most immigrants came through  Almost all immigrants settled in cities
Ellis Island  By the 1890s, immigrants made up a
 Usually they spent there just one large percentage of the population of
day major cities
 Between 1892 and 1954, about 12  Jacob Riis, a Danish-born
million immigrants passed through journalist, observed that a map of New
Ellis Island York City, “colored to designate
 Doctors controlled everyone there nationalities, would show more stripes
and that, who didn’t pass by the than on the skin of a zebra”
inspection, was sent back to Europe  Some of the ethnic groups:
Italian, Jewish, Catholic, Greece, etc.
 They learned English pretty fast

7. In the mid-1800s, China’s population reached about 430 million,
and there wasn’t enough jobs for everyone. Chinese immigrants
settled mainly in west cities, where they often worked as laborers
or servant or skilled trades. Because native-born Americans kept
them out of many businesses, some Chinese people opened their
own businesses there. The biggest number of immigrants from
Japanese grew between 1900 and 1910. In January 1910
California opened a house on Angel Island for Asian immigrants.
The immigrants from Asia were mostly young people.

8. The wave of immigrants led to increased
feelings of nativism. In the late 1800s, anti-
immigrant feelings focused mainly on
Asians, Jews, and eastern Europeans. The
reasons were religious and the fear of
having not enough jobs for native-born
Americans.
Nativism =
1. The policy of protecting the interests of
native-born or established inhabitants
against those of immigrants.
2. A return to or emphasis on traditional or
local customs, in opposition to outside
influences.

9.  Founding of anti-immigrants
organizations
 In 1887, Henry Bowers found the
American Protective Association.
Its members vowed not to hire or
vote for Catholics.
 The Irish immigrants suffered most
from the anti-Catholic feeling.
 Irish couldn’t find well-paid jobs
 Enacted in 1882, the law banned
convicts, paupers, and the mentally
disabled from immigrating to the
US. The law also placed a 50¢ per
head tax on each newcomer.

10.  Anti-Chinese sentiment sometimes
led to racial violence
 In 1882 Congress passed the
Chinese Exclusion Act. The law
barred Chinese immigration for 10  In 1905 Theodore Roosevelt
years and prevented the Chinese commissioned a study on how
already in the country from immigrants were admitted to the
becoming citizens. Congress nation.
renewed the law in 1892 and made  The “new” immigrants were
permanent in 1902. It wasn’t thought to be less intelligent than
repealed until 1943. the “old” immigrants.
 Law to reduce immigration from
southeastern European nations.

11.  Italians: cholera epidemic in 1880s;  Italians: unskilled labor – dock
land shortage for work, construction, railroads; some
peasants, landlords charge high skilled labor , such as bricklayers,
rent; food shortage; poverty; stonemasons, and other trades
unemployment  East Europeans: Poles > farmers,
 East Europeans: Russian, Poles > coal miners, steel and textile
land shortage for millworkers, meatpacking; Jews >
peasants, unemployment, high laborers, garment workers,
taxes, long military draft; Jews > merchants
discrimination, poverty, recurring  Chinese: railroad and construction
pogroms workers, some skilled labor;
 Chinese: famine; land shortage for merchants, small businesses
peasants; civil war (Taiping
rebellion)

12. Video

13.  The American Vision, 2010, The McGraw-
Hill Companies
 http://www.wikipedia.org/