durdarshan project

1. on
1
Presented by
Krishna Kant Upadhyay
ECE (1003331824)

2. Contents
• Introduction
• TV Studio
• Vision mixer
• Audio & video chain
• MSR
• Earth station
• OB VAN & DSNG
2

3. Introduction
process of sending information to a
distant place is called Broadcasting.
• Means of Broadcasting in India:
1. Terrestrial
2. Satellite
3. Internet
• Both AIR & DD make use of both
Terrestrial & satellite. 3

4. Introductioncontd…
• Broadcasting started in India in the year
1923.
• AIR was formed in the year 1936.
• In 1947, AIR was covering 2.5% & about
11% of land & population respectively.
• 1st T.V Station was established in Delhi in
1959
• T.V was separated from AIR in 1976
• DD has 1500 Transmitters and 70
Production centers across the Country.
4

5. TVstudio
5
• A television
studio is an
installation in
which
television or
video produc
tions take
place.

6. ComponentsofTVstudio
• Camera
• Lighting
• Microphones
• Vision mixer and Audio consoles
• MSR
• VTR
• Acoustics
• Post production and video effects
• Supporting services like AC, UPS
6

7. VisionMixer
7
• A vision mixer (also
called video switcher, video
mixer or production switcher)
is a device used to select
between several
different video sources and in
some cases mix video sources
together and add special effects.
• It has many input sources such
as cameras, VCR/ server,
Graphics/Character
Generators,etc.
• Out of these i/p, any source can
be taken as o/p.
• Sources can be changed as cut
to cut, dissolve, wipe and other
special effects.

8. Typicalvideochain
8

9. Typicalaudiochain
9
Distributor
Audio
Console
Analog to
AES
Converter
Earth station
through
Optical Fiber
STL Link
Sources

10. MSR(MasterswitchingRoom)
• It is the heart of the
studio.
• Most of the switching
electronics is kept e.g.
camera base stations,
switcher main frame,
SPG, Satellite receivers,
MW link, DDA & most of
the patch panels.
• Signal is routed through
MSR.
• Signal can be Monitored
at various stages
10

11. Earthstation
11
• Earth Station is a very important
part of satellite communication
system for broadcasting of signals.
• It is an uplink center from which
the signals are fed to Satellite for
distribution in a specified area
covered by the Satellite.
• The signal is up-linked from the
Earth Station and received by
many down link centers in TV
broad casting via PDA.
• Two Types:
1) Analog
2) Digital
• Digital Earth Stations are widely
used because of various
advantages over analog.

12. MajorComponentsofDigitalEarth
Station
12
• PDA (Parabolic Dish Antenna)
• FEED
• Wave Guide / Low Loss Cable
• HPA (TWTA, Klystrons)
• Up converter
• Modulator
• Encoder
• Multiplexer
• IRD (Integrated Receiver
Decoder)

13. OBVan
• Outside broadcasting (OB) is the
electronic field production (EFP) of
television or radio programmes (typically
to cover television news and sports
television events) from a mobile remote
broadcast television studio.
13

14. BlockdiagramofOBVan
14

15. OBVan
• A typical OB Van is usually divided into 4 parts.
• The first and largest part is the production area or
sitting area for all directors & producers.
• The second part of a van is for the audio engineer.
• The 3rd part of the van is video tape
• The 4th part is transmission where the signal is
monitored by and engineered for quality control
purposes and is transmitted or sent to other trucks.
15
If there is a live program to be telecast following options can be
choosed.
 Microwave link
 DSNG (digital satellite news gathering)

16. Microwavelink
16
 Audio and video signals are feed to micowave transmitter.
 Input video is processed and up converted to 12.25 & 12.30 GHz.
 Approx transmission power is 600 milli watts
 Transmit/ receive station is 1.1 m in diameter.

17. DSNG
• Audio/ video input is processed by
an encoder as per mpeg-2 standard.
• The audio and video along with
other data are multiplied.
• Multiplied data forward error
corrected using a standard
technique.
• Error corrected codes are QPSK
modulated at 70 MHz.
• The modulated signal is up
converted to power amplifiers.
17

18. Thank you…
18
Any queries ?