A recap of the history of a computer.

1. The History of Computers By Karen Edoff

2. WHO INVENTED THE COMPUTER? Many inventors contributed to the history of computers A computer is a complex piece of machinery made up of many parts Each of which can be considered a separate invention.

3. Lets explore those inventions

4. PREHISTORIC

5. The Abacus Simple counting aid Invented in the 4th century B.C.

6. The Modern Abacus Used for : multiplication division addition subtraction square root and cube root Still used in Asia and Africa

7. MECHANICAL

8. Pascal’s Calculator The first calculator Invented in 1694 Very simple gears Added up to 6 digits

9. Problem.. not accurate couldn’t subtract or divide

10. Arithmometer -1820 Finally a machine that could Add Subtract Multiply and Divide RELIABLY

11. Still Problems… All mechanical calculators had moving parts that were slow and could break down.

12. ELECTRONICAL

13. First Programmable Computer The Z3 By:KONRAD ZUSE Uses binary math And Boolean logic In 1941 Fully functional

14. The Harvard Mark 1 was 1/2 the length of a football field contained 500 miles of wiring operated at 5 instructions/second

15. ENIAC Created in 1945 Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer Required enough energy to dim the lights of Philadelphia when it was run. operated at 5000 instructions per second weighed 30 tons

16. I think there is a world market for maybe five computers. -- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943 Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons. -- Popular Mechanics, 1949

17. Vacuum Tubes Early computers used vacuum tubes.

18. Replacing a bad tube meant checking ENIAC’s 19,000 possibilities

19. The First Transistors Or electronic switches Developed by: Bell Telephone Laboratories They replaced a computer’s vacuum tube in1956. In 1945

20. The IBM Stretch -1956 transistors replaced vacuum tubes cost: $3.5 million operated at 50,000 instructions per second

21. The IBM Stretch The first to: Provide multiprogramming – do more than one task at a time. Memory interleaving, breaking up memory into chunks for much higher bandwidth. line up instructions in a queue, so that the computer doesn’t have to wait between operations Provide security which prevents unauthorized memory access Establish the eight-bit byte

22. Programming Language-1957 COBOL, FORTRAN Used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine Computers operating at 100,000 instructions /second

23. The First Integrated Circuits - 1958 Modern Integrated circuits Allows a computer to get smaller, faster, cheaper

24. RAM -1970 The first memory chip contained more than 1,000 bits of information

25. Floppy Disks - 1971 The first 8" floppy diskette Held 79.7 kb of memory

26. Commercially Available Minicomputers – 1970’s & 1980’s

27. Apple I - 1976 First single circuit board computer 8k of RAM Only 200 Apple I ‘s were built and sold

28. Apple II - 1977 First built in Operating System Process 1 million Instructions/ second (1 MHz) Could store 4,000 characters (4 KB of RAM)

29. Video Games -1970 Video games drove the demand for better and more affordable computers.

30. IMB - 1981 First computer to come with a keyboard, monitor & printer.

31. Commodore 64 -1982 64 kilobytes of memory (64,000 characters) 16 colors two bitmap graphics modes Directly plugged into a television

32. Apple - 1984 Could store 128,000 characters (128kb of RAM) Process 16 million instructions/second (16.67 MHz)

33. There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. --Ken Olson, CEO, Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

34. 1990’s Personal computers are operating at 1-2 GHz That’s 1 billion to 2 billion instructions /second. RAM was anywhere from 64 to 128 MB Memory for 128 million characters.

35. If automobiles improved with the same rate as computers then our car would… cost: $4,000 fuel efficiency: 20,000 mpg top speed: 60,000 mph reliability: break every 70 years seating: 10,000 people

36. Moore's Law Computer speed roughly doubles every 18 months

37. Moore’s Law Clock Frequency (MHz) Time (yr)

38. 2000’s More computers are sold than televisions

39. Early 2000’s Approximately 1 billion computers have been sold since 1970 USB 2.0 Windows XP Ipods Dot com craze Store information On CD’s and DVD’s X-box AOL has over 28 million members

40. Early 2000’s Which is 2 billion to 4 billion instructions/second Operating at 2-4 GHz Average RAM is 350 Gb Or 350 billion characters Most computers now have Duo or quad processors

41. Late 2000’s Skype My Space has 106 million accounts Flash Drives Facebook has over 300 million accounts Blue Ray Windows Vista HD I-phone I- Mac You Tube Google

42. Late 2000’s Quad processors with 8 Mb of RAM 750 Gb -1 Tb hard drive DVD±RW/CD-RW Bluetooth Wireless Webcam 3D graphics LCD monitors

43. That’s not all

44. Late 2000’s All in one TOUCH SCREEN computer by HP Mac touch netbook

45. Media Tablets –Archos 7 128 MB RAM Weight:23oz Touch screen 16 million colors 320 GB Only 7 in WiFi Battery life: 39 hours (music)

46. Late 2000’s I-phone MP3 Players Mac Air Netbooks

47. The Future? Imagine the possibilities…

48. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www97.intel.com/en/TheJourneyInside/ExploreTheCurriculum/EC_IntroductionToComputers/ICLesson1/ http://inventors.about.com/library/blcoindex.htm http://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/elec.html http://www.xnumber.com/xnumber/mechlist.htm http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/teaching/cs4/summer.08/notes/historyofcomputing/ http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/25079.wss http://www.computerhope.com/history/196080.htm http://www.computerhope.com/history/2000.htm