The document discusses the history and development of the New England colonies, including:
- The four original New England colonies were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
- Many early settlers were religious dissenters like the Pilgrims and Puritans who faced persecution in England for their beliefs.
- The Pilgrims established the Plymouth colony with the Mayflower Compact to govern themselves. Their survival was aided by the Native American Squanto.
- The Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay colony, seeking to purify the Anglican church and establish a "city on a hill" as an example. Their communities were tightly-knit and emphasized religious conformity.
2. The New England or
Northern Colonies
Massachusetts
New
Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
3. Divine Right
Idea that the King had
the birthright to be in
power
– God gave Monarch
power
– Subjects had to obey it
Pilgrims were
persecuted
– Did not believe in divine
right
– Would not recognize
King James I as the
5. The Pilgrims
Moved to Holland in
1608 so they didn’t
have to attend
Anglican services
Feared they were
becoming Dutch,
sailed in 1609
The Godly family
– Extended family
– Education
6. The Mayflower Compact
Received a patent
to settle in Virginia
In debt to English
settlers
Possessed no
authorization from
crown to form a
government
Decided to create
their own
7.
8.
9. Squanto is a life saver
During 1st month, one
half of the Pilgrims died
Spoke English
– Captured by English
traders and
imprisoned in
England for several
years.
Interpreter
Taught how to plant
1st Thanksgiving is
“sketchy”
10. “ The First Thanksgiving”
Pilgrims Native Americans
Prayed to give thanks Fall Festival
Bradford was thankful to – Celebrate crops and plenty
Native Americans for after the Fall Harvest
teaching farming and Taught Pilgrims to hunt
hunting techniques turkey
Taught Pilgrims to grow
corn and squash
12. New England Economy
Good harbors, fishing, shipbuilding, small farms and towns
develop, trap fur
13.
14. Religious Beliefs of the
Puritans
Purify church
Group was more
important than
individual
Predestination
No public
intoxication
Physical love in
marriaage
15. Massachusetts Bay is
Established by Puritans
Driven out by Charles I for
opposing divine right
Believed they had a
covenant or agreement with
God
– They were chosen
– “city upon the hill”
Government was a covenant
among the people
– Group was more
important than the
individual
16. The Government of the
Bay Colony
Purpose of government
was to enforce God’s
laws
Religious leaders were
very influential
– Barred from formal role
Town meetings would
occur after church
service
Property owning males
could vote
17. Roger Williams
Teacher
– Church and state should
be separate
– Challenged policy f taking
land from Indians
Banished
Move to modern-day Rhode
Island
– Allowed for the free
exercise of religion
– Did not require voters to
be church members
18. Anne Hutchinson
Needed only faith and
God’s grace
– Didn’t need to practice good
deeds
Challenged Puritan beliefs
and the authority of the
Puritan clergy
She was tried of heresy,
convicted, and banished.
19. The Salem Witch Trials
Salem,
Massachusetts
Began by young
girls
20. Half-Way Covenant
Puritan zeal diluted over time
Church membership declined
Partial membership to those not yet
converted (usually children/
grandchildren of members)
Could be baptized but not vote
21. Rhode Island
Settled for religious
freedom
– Roger Williams
– Anne Hutchinson
Forbade slavery
Regions did not get
along
24. The Mystic Massacre:
May 26, 1637
Pequots attacked a
Wakefield Settlement
– 9 colonists die
Retaliation followed
– Burned village
– Killed 400
– Result was near
destruction of tribe
– In 1910, there were 66
full blooded Pequots
Begins the “acceptable”
killing of Indians
25. New Hampshire
Financially
depended on
Massachusetts
Largely fishing and
shipbuilding
27. Compare & Contrast:
New England vs. Chesapeake
• Entire families tended to emigrate to New England;
in the Chesapeake, immigrants were often single
males
• The climate in New England was more hospitable,
and so New Englanders tended to live longer and
have larger families than Chesapeake residents
• A stronger sense of community led New Englanders
to settle in large towns that were closer to one
another
• Those in the Chesapeake lived in smaller, more
spread-out farming communities = had tobacco has
a cash crop
Notes de l'éditeur
When he had returned from Europe, he found that his village had been wiped out be the great epidemic. * Important note: Interaction between Native Americans and settlers was rarer in Massachusetts than in Virginia because the Native Americans of Massachusetts had previously suffered a plague that had decimated much of the population
In a dramatic move, the Congregationalist merchants boldly decided to transfer to New England. The settlers would then be answerable to no one in the mother country and would be able to handle their affairs, secular and religious, as they pleased.
Protestant work ethic, limited worldly pleasures, fear of hell
He told his follow settlers that: (1) the king of England had no right to grant them land already occupied by Indians (2) the church and state should be kept entirely separate (3) Puritans should not impose their religious beliefs on others This created a problem because Puritan leaders placed a heavy emphasis on consensus in both religion and politics. They could not tolerate significant dissent. Rhode Island adopted a policy of tolerating all religions, including Judaism. This forerunner of religious freedom eventually became one of the hallmarks of the United States.
The title Mistress revealed her high status. She greatly admired John Cotton, a minister who stressed the covenant of grace, or God’s free gift of salvation to unworthy human beings. Mistress Hutchinson began holding women’s meetings in her home to discuss his sermons. Mistress Hutchinson offered Puritans certainty of salvation, instead of a state of constant anxiety. Her approach also lessoned the importance of the institutional church and its members. She was interrogated by John Winthrop. She was able to cleverly defend herself. However, she triumphantly and boldly declared that God had spoken to her directly, explaining that he would curse the Puritans’ descendants for generations if they harmed her. That assertion assured her banishment. Several years later, after she moved to New Netherland, she and most of her children were killed by Indians. Mistress Hutchinson threatened not only religious orthodoxy, but also traditional gender roles. Puritans considered actual women inferior to men. They were almost as outraged by her “masculine” behavior as by her religious beliefs. Winthrop charged her with having set wife against husband, since so many of her followers were women.