3. 3
What books are good for?
●
Give a standardized medium (usually paper)
●
Give structure
●
Citation mechanisms
●
Localized indexes
~ 1450 Johannes
Gutenberg, introduced
the metal movable-type
printing press in
Europe
lead, tin, and antimony (tech standard for 550 years)
42
lines
4. 4
Searching symbols for thoughts
Gottfried Wilhelm
von Leibniz, a
polymath
A librarian – a
founding father of
library science at
least for research
... it is beneath the dignity of excellent men to
waste their time in calculation when any
peasant could do the work just as accurately
with the aid of a machine.
Stepped reckoner ~ 1672
5. 5
“all human ideas can be resolved into a few as
their primitives” (On the Universal Science:
Characteristic; G VII, 205 (S, 18))
The only way to rectify our reasonings is to make
them as tangible as those of the Mathematicians, so
that we can find our error at a glance, and when
there are disputes among persons, we can simply
say: Let us calculate [calculemus], without
further ado, to see who is right.
The Art of Discovery, 1685
6. 6
all human reasoning uses certain signs or
characters
On the Universal Science: Characteristic; G VII, 204 (S, 17)
A digital revolution has begun!
7. 7
Norbert Wiener, the father of
cybernetics proposed Leibniz to be
considered the patron saint of
cybernetics
1 and 0
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.html
8. 8
Mundaneum – the paper Internet (1910)
Paul Marie
Ghislain
Otlet
Henri La
Fontaine
9. 9
Milestones
"As We May Think" (1945, The Atlantic)
The Encyclopædia Britannica could be
reduced to the volume of a matchbox.
A library of a million volumes could be
compressed into one end of a desk.
Vannevar Bush
Alan Mathison
Turing
Implements
successfully a
mathematical model of
computation which
involves symbol
manipulation on a
medium according to a
table of rules
10. 10
Project Xanadu
It was the first hypertext project: 1960
Ted Nelson
"digital repository scheme
for world-wide electronic
publishing"
11. 11
MAR(C/K)! 1968
Henriette Davidson Avram
(October 7, 1919 – April 22, 2006)
ISO 23950: "Information Retrieval (Z39.50): Application
Service Defnition and Protocol Specifcation"
TargetOrigin
Peer
2
peer
12. 12
World Wide Web
came along as
something “vague
but exciting”
Sir Timothy John
Berners-Lee
13. 13
Everything is a resource!
A general resource locator is an object that
describes the location of a resource.
Functional Recommendations for Internet Resource
Locators https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1736
A resource can be many things. Besides the non-networked or non-
electronic resources just mentioned, familiar examples are an electronic
document, an image, a server (e.g., FTP, Gopher, Telnet, HTTP), or a
collection of items (e.g., Gopher menu, FTP directory, HTML page).
Other examples accompany multi-function protocols such as Z39.50,
which can perform single round trip network access, session-oriented
search refinement, and index browsing.
14. 14
What is an electronic book?
A mesh of agreed standards for electronic resources
EPUB is a standard proposed by the International Digital
Publishing Forum, and is intended to be a general purpose
document format. It is a combination of XHTML5, SVG 1.1,
CSS3, JavaScript and XML to produce a special zipped file.
15. 15
Open Web Platform
A Web Publication (WP) is a collection of one or more constituent
resources, organized together in a uniquely identifiable grouping, and
presented using standard Open Web Platform technologies
1 February, 2017
New Roadmap for Future of Publishing is Underway as W3C and IDPF
Officially Combine
Publishing@W3C heralds future for how we will read, author, publish, and
discover content and services with Web technologies
16. 16
1. Introduction
“The Web emerged in 1994, based on a model of individual pages loosely
joined by hyperlinks. Clustering within domains and with explicit navigation
elements built into them, webpages evolved into websites. This model inherited
very little from an existing, powerful and much older page-based media:
books.
Over centuries, «books» have assumed many forms: journals, magazines,
pamphlets of long-form articles and essays, newspapers, atlases, comics,
notebooks, albums of all sorts. We can define these different manifestations
as “publications”: bound editions of meaningful media, made public.
17. 17
Publishing Working Group Charter
https://www.w3.org/2017/04/publ-wg-charter/
The act of publishing involves obtaining resources and organizing
them into a publication, which must be “manifested” by having files on
a Web server. Thus the publisher provides an origin for the WP, and a
URL that can uniquely identify that (FRBR) manifestation.
19. 19
We still have>>>
●
A standardized medium: EPUB 4
●
A structure (https://idpf.github.io/epub-vocabs/structure/)
●
A citation mechanism (the link!)
●
Indexes (localized or as 3rd party services)
What we gain>>>
●
Tight integration with the Web platform
●
Text and Data mining facilitations
●
Representation flexibility (CSS)
●
Semantic augmentation (FRBR, RDF)
●
An information model for digital rights: Open Digital Rights
Language (ODRL) https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-model/
