Writing hybrid narratives as a Swarm
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This is the theoretical explanation for running design experiments with hybrid narratives as swarms.
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Writing hybrid narratives as a Swarm
- 1. Wri$ng narra$ves as a swarm Kai Pata
- 2. Swarming • Describes self‐organizing behavior in popula$ons by which local interac0ons between decentralized simple agents can create complex global swarming behavior. • Every agent is only responsible for its individual ac$ons. • Swarm intelligence refers to systems which accomplish complex global tasks through the simple local interac$ons of autonomous agents. • Swarm intelligence relies upon the emergent proper$es of its components to manifest itself. Emergence is the process by which complex paAerns form out of the interac$on of simpler rules.
- 3. Examples
- 4. Interrela$ons in swarm • An individual must maintain an iden$ty throughout its existence. • An individual must sa$sfy its viability (capability of normal growth and development) condi$ons while interac$ng in its environment. • The team has collec$ve intelligence if the viability of the group as a whole is required for each individual to sustain viability.
- 5. Swarm‐individual viability • In social swarms individuals rely on the swarm behaviour. • Swarm level ac$vi$es create condi$ons for viability. Social soIware mashing pulling INDIVIDUAL AS A social retrieval NARRATOR
- 6. Types of communica$on in swarms • altering the environment • reading informa0on from the environment For example, when an individual finds some loca$on of interest it deposits a chemical signal, which draws other agents to it. By using this method the environment itself becomes a shared memory.
- 7. AAractors are leI on the trail • Foraging is a behavior of loca$ng food and transpor$ng it back to the nest. • The ants are individuals responding to their own Deposit a;ractant pheromone on sensory informa$on and the trail from food. pheromone signals. Follow the pheromone up its concentra0on gradient to the • Pheromones are chemical source. basis for ant communica$on Increase pheromone concentra0on to aAract more. deposited/detected by ants. This posi0ve feedback loop produces a swarm of ants to quickly transport the food source.
- 8. Individuals become trail markers • For a low density of individuals it is beneficial to use linear chains to form a path for search. • With high density of individuals, a more branched structure is a beAer choice for search. Campo & Dorigo, 2008
- 10. Individual search Detect the signal disturbance Detec$ng aAractor Selected no$cing object Feedback loop Finding food Following the from the signal trail environment Collec$ng and leaving signal trail Analogy Increasing pheromone Modified signal concentra$on False pheromone Fading in $me
- 11. Quan$ta$ve defini$on of swarm intelligence • Performance gains through swarming occurs when a cri0cal mass of agents come together and enter a posi0ve feedback loop. • Explicit use of the environment in agent interac$ons means that environmental dynamics are directly integrated into the system’s control, and in fact can enhance system performance.
- 12. Narra$ve cues in swarms • Swarms are communi$es in which decision‐ making takes place based on cues/traces leI by individual swarm members in the environment or picked up from their real ac$vi$es. • These cues may be small narra$ve or visual pierces or longer stories.
- 13. Wri$ng narra$ves as a swarm Individual search Detect the signal disturbance Dis$nguishing Previous feature experience No$cing a story Detec$ng aAractor Analogy Selected no$cing object Feedback loop Following the from the signal trail environment Visibility Collabora$ng, Collec$ng and Wri$ng narra$ve, cloning the leaving signal trail mashing, tagging, story geo‐tagging Abduc$on New Increasing aAractor Modifying the signal story concentra$on Expanding, transla$ng, interpre$ng
- 14. Surveillance • Par$cipa$ng in social networks resides on social surveillance. • However, when many transac$ons are aggregated, pa;erns become visible. • Narra$ve paAerns may be used to assemble a detailed profile revealing the ac$ons, habits, beliefs, loca$ons frequented, social connec$ons, and preferences of the individual. • Swarms can use it as environmental informa$on to adopt them be;er to the environment.
- 16. Sousveillance [suːˈveɪləns] • Involves community‐based recording of an ac$vity from the perspec$ve of a par$cipant in the ac$vity. • Personal sousveillance is the art, science, and technology of personal experience capture, processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission.
- 17. Story of “red”
- 18. Marke$ng swarms by Chuck Brymer • Today, we are dealing with a swarm where people gather and deposit informa$on with the collec$ve intelligence of an en$re social network. • Ul$mately the swarm decides whether your brand is a peer or a predator, and does so quickly and disrup$vely. • Since you only control part of this informa$on, it will become more cri$cal than ever to engage the people who influence swarm communi0es. • Once a swarm has been launched, human overseers can observe its emerging behavior and intervene on an excep0on basis.
- 19. Untrustworthy communica$on is possible • An enemy trying to conceal the search target, may spread false signals to aAract the agents to a loca$on of liAle interest. • Strategy: respond to an external signal only if it passes a threshold value. • Strategy: in case of detected communica$on disturbance enter to an isola0on state for a $me and act independently not responding to external signals.
- 20. Ques$ons • What kind of aAractors work in the hybrid ecology swarms? • Can these aAractors be used for triggering marke$ng swarms? • Monitoring swarm paAerns becomes essen$al to sell beAer, to trigger for swarming, but how can we monitor automa$cally? • Can we avoid being monitored without harming swarming? What and where to restrict access, and think of security?