lobbying is a part of the public relations. it helps in the promotion of some of the things. political leaders make a great impact in general public through the lobbying. they get their things done through the lobbying. there are some scams done through lobbying like 2g scam etc. it should be used for good not for bad.

1. LOBBYING AS A PROMOTIONAL
TOOL.
Presented by:
Kranthikiran C
Regd no:130607016
Dept. of Pharmacy Management
(PharmacyAdministration)
MCOPS, Manipal.
Guided by:
Pradeep M Muragundi
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Pharmacy Management
MCOPS, Manipal.

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction.
 Public
 Public relation.
 Definition of lobbying.
2. History of lobbying.
3.Types of lobbying.
4. Lobbying database.
5. Lobbying as a promotional tool.
6. Benefits of lobbying.
7. Conclusion.
8. References.

3. Introduction.
Public ?
 A public is any group that has actual or potential
interest in or impact on a company’s ability to
achieve its objectives.
So a company not only should relate to the customers,
suppliers, dealers but it also must relate to number of
interested people or the public. This is called public
relation.

4. Contd…
 Public relations perform some of the functions in
which Lobbying is one among them.
Definition of Lobbying:
It is an act of attempting to
influence the decisions made by officials in the
government, most often legislators or the members of
the regulatory agencies.

5.  Lobbying is done by many different types of people
and organized groups.
 The persons who are involved in the lobbying are
called Lobbyists.
 Professional lobbyists are people whose business is
trying to influence legislation on behalf of a group or
individual who hires them.

6. History of lobbying
 Although some have noted it’s influence on the
earliest political forums in Greece and Rome, what
we know as modern lobbying began in the US.
 In 1792, William Hull was hired by the Virginia
veterans of the Continental army.

7. Contd…
 In 1795, a Philadelphia newspaper described the way
lobbyists waited outside Congress Hall to "give a hint
to a member”.
 In 1850, Samuel Colt gave away a free pistol to the
twelve-year old son of a representative as a mild
encouragement to sign a patent bill.

8.  In 1946, Congress passed the first comprehensive
lobbying disclosure law, the Federal Regulation of
Lobbying Act.
 In 2011, Former Senator Chris Dodd (D-Conn.), author
of the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection
Act, became Hollywood’s Chief lobbyist as CEO of the
Motion Picture Association of America—but he’s not
registered.

9. Types of lobbying.
 Lobbying is of two types.
1) Direct lobbying
2) Grassroots lobbying.
Direct lobbying is an attempt to influence legislation
through communication.
 Here the communication refers to specific legislation
and reflects a view on legislation.

10. Contd…
Grassroots lobbying is an attempt to
influence legislation, through an attempt to influence
the opinions of general public.
It includes “a call to action”.
 Organizations that sends out frequent calls to action
urging their members to contact their legislators, and
organizations that lobby through their employees
should refer the IRS rules.

11. Lobbying by Country
Australia:
Over the past twenty years lobbying in Australia has
grown from a small industry of a few hundred
employees to a multi-billion dollar industry.
In Australia, lobbyists are expected to organize a pass
to obtain access to the Federal Parliament.
The Pass is valid for two years.

12. European Union:
 More the political influence the European
Union ("EU") gains on a global level and the more
policy areas it covers, the more interesting it becomes
for lobbyists.
 Lobbying takes place at the European level itself and
within the existing national states
As of 2003, around 15,000 Brussels-based lobbyists
(consultants, lawyers, NGOs etc.) sought to influence
the EU’s legislative process.

13. Contd…
• There are three main channels of indirect lobbying of
the Council.
 First, lobbying groups routinely lobby the national
delegations in Brussels.
The second indirect means of lobbying the Council is
for interest groups to lobby members of the many
Council-working groups.
The third means of influencing the Council is directly
via national governments.

14. United States:
Lobbying in the United States describes paid activity
in which special interests hire well-connected
professional advocates, often lawyers, to argue for
specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as
the United States Congress.
In Washington DC, lobbying usually targets congress
persons.

15. Contd…
• While lobbyists number upto 12,000 people in
Washington DC those with real clout number in the
dozens, a small group of firms handle much of
lobbying in terms of expenditures.
• The current pattern suggests much lobbying is done
by corporations, although a wide variety of coalitions
representing diverse groups is possible

16. Contd…
• Since the 1970s, there has been explosive growth in
the lobbying industry in Washington DC.
• By 2011, one estimate of overall lobbying spending
nationally was $30+ billion.
• An estimate of lobbying expenses in the Federal
arena was $3.5 billion in 2010, while it had been only
$1.4 billion in 1998.

17. Lobbying Database
 In addition to the campaign contributions to elected
officials and candidates, some of the pharmaceutical
companies and the other organizations spend billions
of dollars each year to lobby.
 Here we have got total lobbying spending as well as
number of lobbyists beginning in 1998 to 2013.

18. $0.00
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
$4.00
Total lobbying spending in billions

19. Number of lobbyists

20. Lobbying as a promotional tool
Lobbying as a social interaction:
 Lobbying involves efforts to make direct, private,
face-to-face contact with public officials.
 It is a necessary component of the dialogue between
citizens and their public officials.
 Due to the number of Bills and Amendments
introduced during each legislative session, it is
impossible for the legislators to gauge the potential
effects that each have on individuals.

21. Contd…
 These public interest groups vary considerably in
every imaginable way.
 Some groups focus on single issue, while others focus
on broader areas of public policy.
 They promote policies that produce widely
distributed benefits that anyone can enjoy like
improvements in the public health.
 Interest groups and political parties share some
common attitudes and opinions.

22. AVANDIA (Rosiglitazone Maleate Tablet):
 It is one of the world’s best selling drug for Diabetes.
 But, it is a source of causing 100 thousands of
heart attacks in U.S.
 The investigation by U.S Senate and Finance
Committee found that GSK was aware of the possible
cardiac risks.
 GSK is still trying to prevent the heart attack
warnings printed on its boxes.

23. Contd…
 GSK had communicated that results from six clinical
trials show that Avandia does not increase the overall
risk of heart attacks.
 The company had concluded that when used in
appropriate patient and in accordance with labelling,
Avandia is safe and effective treatment option for
Type2 Diabetes.

24.  In 2006, Merck received FDA approval for Gardasil,
the vaccine for Human Papilloma Virus(HPV).
 Merck priced the vaccine at $360 for three injections.
 But, prior to the FDA approval, Merck began to
develop a market for Gardasil and launched an
intensive campaign to get states to make HPV
vaccine

25. LOBBYING BY BIG PHARMA
 Top officials from a number of US drug makers such
as Pfizer, Mylan, Merck recently met the DIPP
secretary to lobby against use of compulsory licenses
by India.
 US pharma majors are putting pressure on the Govt.
to stop issuing permits to domestic companies for
making low priced copies of patented drugs.

26. Contd…
 India has been facing huge protests from US after it
issued the first compulsory license to Hyderabad
based company, Natco for Bayer’s anti-cancer drug
Nexaver.
 Natco priced the copied version at Rs.8,800 for a
months treatment to Bayer’s version priced at Rs 2.8
lakhs.
 Indian Patent Office revoked Pfizer’s patent for anti-
cancer drug Sutent.

27. Corporate lobbying in India:
 The extent of lobbying in India has also widespread.
 Take the case of 2G spectrum which involved lobbyist
Nira Radia to lobby against the re-appointment of
Dayanidhi Maran to the post of Union IT and
Communication Minister.

28. Contd…
 Lobbyist, Nira Radia has lobbied prominent figures
which includes Telecom big heads.
 The Main cause for lobbying in this case is for
undercharging mobile, telephone companies for
frequent allocation issues, which they would then use
to create 2G spectrum subscriptions for cell phones.

30. Benefits of lobbying
 Tax Benefits.
 Improved Cash Flows: On average, and controlling
for other factors, firms that engaged in lobbying
received more generous depreciation treatment.

31. Contd…
 Increased Market Value: Another study demonstrates
that firms which lobby significantly outperform non-
lobbying firms with respect to increased market value
of equity. This can be as high as adding another 2%
per year to return.

32. Conclusion.
 By better understanding the rules applicable to
lobbying, organizations working to improve the
public’s health can maximize their effectiveness
while minimizing the possibility of endangering their
status.
 In addition, organizations can be in a better position
to appreciate the impact of any proposed new
restrictions on their lobbying.
 By effectively using the information available and
developing a focused campaign there is still a lot of
success to be had with public affairs for many
organizations.

33. References.
1. 1.Kotler P, Keller K L, Koshy A, Jha M.Marketing
Management, 13th
ed. New Delhi: Dorling
Kindersley Pvt ltd; 2009.
2. Radia Controversy[INTERNET].[updated on 2013
Nov 13;cited on 2013 Nov 14]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controvers
y
3.US Pharma firms lobby to protect patents in
India[INTERNET].[Updated on 2013 Oct 23;cited
on 2013 Nov 12]. Available from:
http://www.the%2520hindubusinessline.com
%2Findustry-and-economy%2Fus-pharma-firms-
lobby-to-protect-patents-in-india

34. Contd…
4. Merck lobbying States to mandate Gardasil for school
girls.[INTERNET].2007 Jan 30;[cited on 2013 Nov
11]. Available from:
http://www.news-
medical.net/news/2007/01/30/21605.aspx
5.Lobbying[INTERNET].[Updated on 2013 Oct
22;cited on 2013 Nov 8]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbying