Status of Online Education in the U.S.

Kerry Rice, Ed. D.
Associate Professor
Department of Educational Technology
Boise State University

© 2012 Boise State University 1

Agenda
• About me
• Context and Factors
• Online Learning Defined
• What the Numbers Say
• Models
• Sample Program
• Emerging Trends
• Challenges

http://youtu.be/ih1Cgzim5Xs


College of Education

M.S. in EDTECH
Masters in EDTECH
Ed. D. in EDTECH
Graduate Certificates:
Online Teaching - K12 & Adult Learner
Technology Integration Specialist
School Technology Coordinator

K-12 Online Teaching Endorsement
Game Studio: Mobile Game Design
3D GameLab
EDTECH and Cave Island in SL
Dual Degree Program w/National Univ. of Tainan


About me…


Tightening budgets & Increased demand for Increased competition
Increasing costs • Workforce training • For-profit
• Student loan debt: $956 • Academic currency • Global markets
billion • Flexibility • Student mobility

Context

U.S. Federal Policy and Priorities…
• Increase college preparedness and graduates by 2020 (→ 60%)
– Community College Initiatives (fastest growing sector 46%)
– Common Core and College Readiness Standards
– Community College to Career Fund ($8 billion)
• STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)
• Next Gen Learning Grants (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, William and Flora
Hewlett Foundation)
• Race to the Top
– School reform and Accountability
• Access and Innovation
– Personalized Learning
– Open source, resource repositories, free online courses
• Connected Educators
– Professional Learning Communities
– Online PD (2.5 bill)


Technology pushes boundaries…
• Changes the constraints of time and
space
• Evolves exponentially – the faster it
changes the faster it changes…
• Democratizes learning
• Puts the focus on learning
• Is disruptive

Online Blended Open Source DIY Oh My!!


Online Learning…
“The term online learning can be used to refer to a wide range of
programs that use the Internet to provide instructional materials
and facilitate interactions between teachers and students and in
some cases among students as well. Online learning can be fully
online, with all instruction taking place through the Internet, or
online elements can be combined with face-to-face interactions
in what is known as blended learning”

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology, Understanding the Implications of Online Learning for
Educational Productivity, Washington, D.C., 2012.
http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/technology/implications-online-learning.pdf


Online Learning
• Broadens access
• Engages students in active learning
• Individualizes and differentiates instruction
• Personalizes learning
• Increases the rate of student learning
• Makes better use of teacher and student time
• Reduces school-based facilities costs
• Reduces salary costs
• Realizes opportunities for economies of scale

U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology, Understanding the Implications of Online Learning for
Educational Productivity, Washington, D.C., 2012.


Online Higher Education National Trends
• 2010: 6.1 million online enrollments
(31% of all students)
• 10% growth rate
(2% growth in the overall higher
education student population)
• 65% believe online learning is a critical
part of long-term strategy.
• Private, for-profits have the largest
proportion of online programs.

Allen, E. I. & Seaman, J. (2011). Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011. Babson Survey
Research Group. http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/index.asp


K-12 Online National Trends
• Continued rapid growth
(25% - full-time, multi-
district)
• Legislation requires online
courses for graduation.
(Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Idaho, Virginia, and West
Virginia)

*Queen, B., and Lewis, L. (2011). Distance Education Courses for Public Elementary and Secondary School Students: 2009-10
(NCES 2012-009). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
**Picciano, A. G. & Jeff Seaman. (2010). K-12 online learning: A 2008 follow-up of the survey of U. S. school district
administrators. The Sloan Consortium. http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/index.asp


Blended Learning

“A formal education program in
which a student learns in part
through online delivery of
content and instruction with
some element of student control
over time, place, path and/or
pace.

and

at least in part at a supervised
brick and mortar location away
from home.

Single district programs are the fastest growing segment. Most are blended.
Heather Staker and Michael Horn, Innosight Institute:
http://www.innosightinstitute.org/media-room/publications/education-publications/classifying-k-12-blended-learning/


Models
• For-Profit
• Private and Non-Profit
• Public


For-Profit Institutions…
• Higher Education
• K-12 full-time virtual schools operate
as public schools
• Constant state of change (mergers,
acquisitions, conversions)
• Increasing partnerships with
mainstream education
• Growth, scalability and high
profitability of proprietary systems

Private, not for-profit


Higher Ed For-Profit
766,000 enrollments in
2001
•2.4 million enrollments in
2010 (about 10% of total
enrollments in higher
education)
•225% growth between
2001 and 2008 (22% for the
rest of higher education)

Source:
http://www.propublica.org/article/the-for-profit-

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). Digest of Education Statistics,
2011 (NCES 2012-001), Chapter 3
1
Colleges and university campuses ranked by fall 2010 enrollment data.


Blended Charter School
•Technology Backbone
•Flex Time
•Flex Grouping
•Flex Space


Public Institutions…
• K-12 Consortiums and District-Led (VHS, Wisconsin eSchool)
• K-12 State Supplemental Programs (IDLA, FVS, MVS)
• Higher Ed programs (EdTech, Penn State, Purdue, Columbia
University Teacher’s College, Indiana University, Michigan
State University)


Program Detail

Foundations of Educational Technology YouTube for Educators
Theoretical Foundations of Edtech Teaching & Learning in Virtual Worlds
Research Methods in Edtech Mobile Teaching and Learning
Evaluation Social Network Learning
Instructional Design Interactive Courseware Design
Instructional Graphic Design Games and Sims
Online Course Design Technology Supported PBL
Online Teaching (K-12 and Adult) Service Learning
Statistics for Educational Technologists Multimedia
International Issues in ICT Integrating Games into the K-12 Classroom
Blogging in the Classroom Mobile App Design Mobile Game Design
Digital Game-Based Learning Service Learning Open Source/MOOCs


Where Edtech Students Live


Online Learning is…
• Social
• Global
• Interactive
• Personalized
• Engaging
• Collaborative
• Evidence-Based


Community

http://edtech.boisestate.edu/

Community


Presence

http://edtech.boisestate.edu/snelsonc/videos/dwcs4welcomescreen/dwcs4welcomescreen.html

Personalization


Interaction


Technology


Thesis Defense


Standards-Based Demonstrated Learning

http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/sabaa/592/html/home.php


Emerging Trends
“Experts believe out-of-the-classroom learning will inspire
innovation that’s lacking on campuses now.”
http://mashable.com/2012/07/27/e-learning-higher-education/

• Learning Analytics
• Crowd sourcing & DIY
• Informal vs. Formal learning
• Badges
• Gaming
• Blended
• Moocs


cMOOCs
• MOOCs (Massively Open Online Course)
– The first MOOC – Connectivism 2008 by George Siemens
and Stephen Downes http://mooc.ca/

tp://youtu.be/eW3gMGqcZQc

xMOOCs
• edX (MIT, Harvard, UC Berkeley, Wellesley, U of Texas)
• Coursera – Stanford (33 University partners) 1.6 million
students
• Udacity – 750k students

$100 million
investment


Presidential Innovation Lab
Gates Foundation: $3 M

Association of Public and
Land-grant Universities:
$270k


Transforming Policy
• Flexibility in how we view time
(carnegie unit) “Students should
be encouraged to go as far and as
fast as they can.”
• Innovation for competency-based
models of learning.
• Just-in-time summative
assessments (NCLB).
• Consistent data collection and
accountability systems.


Transforming Policy

sedd
aase
y-BB
ccy-
tt nn
eeee
mpp
oom
CC

http://edtech.boisestate.edu/idaho-k-12-online-teaching-endorsement-program/


Transforming Teaching Practice
Focus on Student-Centered Learning
– More emphasis on authentic learning
experiences (i.e. flipped classroom)
– New modes of instruction (gaming,
virtual worlds, mobile learning)
– Increased student participation in
their own learning (co-design).
– Adaptive learning management
systems that use data to drive
personal learning plans.


Image created using wordle: http://www.wordle.net/


In a review of empirical studies, the U.S. Department of
Education concluded, “...on average, students in online
learning conditions performed better than those receiving face-
to-face classes.” (Evaluation of Evidence-based Practices in
Online Learning, May 2009)

Key Findings
The effectiveness of online learning is
tied to learning time, curriculum,
pedagogy, and opportunities for
collaboration.
Online learning can be enhanced
by giving learners control of their
interactions with media.
Online learning can be enhanced
by prompting learner reflection.


Accountability
• “Florida Connections Academy 2009 State Test Scores Exceed Overall
State Results” (Connections Academy)
• “Newly released state data reveal that e-schools perform better
academically than Big 8 districts at lower cost “ (Ohio Alliance for Public
Charter School)
• Minnesota, Colorado, California have noted smaller gains in online
programs than in brick and mortar.


Learning Analytics

Hung, J., Hsu, Y., Rice, K. (2012). Integrating Data Mining in Program Evaluation of K-12 Online Education. Journal of
Educational Technology and Society. Special Issue Learning and Knowledge Analytics http://www.ifets.info/


Challenges

“Students cannot, and will never, learn unless
they are with me in my classroom – period.
They can’t learn without me prodding them and
being there to get the information from me
personally and without me deciding for them
what it is that they learn.”
Is lecture capture the worst educational technology?
http://www.masmithers.com/2011/03/11/is-lecture-capture-the-worst-educational-technology/


“Online education, on the other hand, is often entirely a numbers game.
The same lecture is viewed by the hundreds of thousands of people
and takes no account of differences in understanding or circumstances.
Though online education offers students flexibility on how and when to
view a lecture, it offers professors no reciprocal flexibility to tailor their
lectures to the unique abilities and interests of the students.”


Challenges
• Still debating the use of technology in classrooms
• Concerns over privatization
• Questions surrounding xMOOCs model – purpose?
• What exactly is free?? Clarification of “open source” and
“open course”
• Quality and Accountability
• Access


The Future of Education?
• Education as a fundamental right
• Lifelong learning
• Evolution of innovation
• Increased productivity and efficiency
• Emerging self-support models
• Validation of DIY learning
• Changing role of the teacher
• Learning networks organized by interest rather than location
• Joint degrees and global partnerships


Transforming the way
we teach AND learn
Questions?

Kerry Rice
Department of Educational Technology
Boise State University
krice@boisestate.edu


Resources
• Allen, E. I. & Seaman, J. (2011). Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011. Babson
Survey Research Group. http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/index.asp
• Deming, D. J., Goldin, C., Katz, L. F. (2012). The For-Profit Postsecondary School Sector: Nimble Critters or
Agile Predators? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(1): 139-64
• Hung, J., Hsu, Y., Rice, K. (in press). Integrating Data Mining in Program Evaluation of K-12 Online Education.
Journal of Educational Technology and Society. Special Issue Learning and Knowledge Analytics
http://www.ifets.info/
• Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones., K. (2009). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in
online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. U.S. Department of Education, Office
of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
http://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport.pdf
• Picciano, A. G. & Jeff Seaman. (2010). K-12 online learning: A 2008 follow-up of the survey of U. S. school
district administrators. The Sloan Consortium. http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/index.asp
• Queen, B., & Lewis, L. (2011). Distance Education Courses for Public Elementary and Secondary School
Students: 2009–10 (NCES 2012-008). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2012/2012008.pdf
• Rice, K. (2012). Making the Move to K-12 Online Teaching: Research-Based Strategies and Practices. Boston,
MA: Pearson Education. www.pearsonhighered.com/rice1e
• Staley, D. J. & Trinkle, D. A. (February, 2011). The changing landscape of higher education. Educause Review
Online. http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/changing-landscape-higher-education


Resources
• U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2012). Digest of Education
Statistics, 2011 (NCES 2012-001), Chapter 3
• U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology, Understanding the Implications of Online
Learning for Educational Productivity, Washington, D.C., 2012.
• Watson, J., et. al. (2011). Keeping Pace with K-12 Online Learning: An Annual Review of
• Policy and Practice. Evergreen Education Group. http://kpk12.com/
• Clearing the Path: Creating Innovation Space for Serving Over-Age, Under-Credited Students in
Competency-Based Pathways
http://www.ednewscolorado.org/2011/10/04/25310-analysis-shows-half-of-online-students-leave-programs-with

• Cracking the Code: Synchronizing Policy and Practice for Performance-Based Learning
http://www.inacol.org/research/docs/iNACOL_CrackingCode_full_report.pdf
• It’s Not a Matter of Time: Highlights from the 2011 Competency-Based Learning Summit
http://www.inacol.org/research/docs/iNACOL_Its_Not_A_Matter_of_Time_full_report.pdf
• Troubling Questions about Online Education:
http://www.ednewscolorado.org/2011/10/04/25310-analysis-shows-half-of-online-students-leave-programs-with

• Viewpoint: Authorizing Online Learning http://www.inacol.org/research/docs/Vander%20Ark-Patrick
%20Cyber%20Learning%20Viewpoint_August%202011.pdf


Resources
• State Strategies for Awarding Credit to Support Student Learning: http://www.edweek.org/media/23biz-
state-1202educreditbrief.pdf
• The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature. (2008). http://1.usa.gov/MLJwSF
• Innosight Institute: http://www.innosightinstitute.org/
• Fast Facts About Online Learning: http://www.inacol.org/press/docs/nacol_fast_facts.pdf
• 50 Innovative Education Startups for 2012: http://www.onlineschools.com/blog/50-innovative-education-
startups
• Knewton Adaptive Learning Platform: http://www.knewton.com/adaptive-learning-white-paper/
• Crowdsourcing examples: http://crowdsourcingexamples.pbworks.com/w/page/16668404/FrontPage
• TED-Ed: http://www.youtube.com/teded


Status of Online Education in the U.S.

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

Similaire à Status of Online Education in the U.S.

Similaire à Status of Online Education in the U.S. (20)

Plus de Kerry Rice

Plus de Kerry Rice (19)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

Status of Online Education in the U.S.

Notes de l'éditeur