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69SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
izLrkouk
^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh dh laLej.kkRed fo/kk dh jpuk
gSA ;g jpuk lu~ 2000 es fy[kh xbZ gS blesa jpukdkj ds
thou ds [kês&feBs vuqHko o dqN e/kqj vfoLej.kh; Le`fr;kWa
ladfyr dh gSaA bl iqLrd esa MkW0 uxsUnz] 'kjntks'kh] tSusUnz]
vKs;] mxz th] yrhQ ?kksa?kh o ys[kd ds vius thou dh
Le`fr;kWa laxzfgr gS izR;sd jpuk dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k ml
jpuk ls lEcfU/kr fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk
gSA blh fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd veqd
jpuk dks fdl fo/kk dh dksfV esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA
vr%izLrqrlaLej.k&laxzg^Lejkfe*dkfo'ys"k.kHkhlaLej.kfo/kk
ds rÙoksa ds vkyksd eSaa fd;k tk jgk gSA laLej.k ds fuEufyf[kr
lkr rÙo ekus x;s gSa ftudk o.kZu bl izdkj gS%&
dFkkoLrq%
bl laLej.k& laxzg dh fo"k;& oLrq] MkW0 uxsUnz] MkW0
jfoUnz dqekj] MkW0 lq"kek] tSusUnz] vKs;] MkW0 lkfof= flUgk]
ukxktqZu] 'kjn tks'kh] mxz th] rqylh] iszetues;] /keZ&lEcU/kh]
d'ehj ;k=k lEcU/kh fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gS%&
izFke] laLej.k MkW0 uxsUnz th ls lEcfU/kr gSA mudsa
O;fDÙkRo esa fo}ku v/;kid rFkk iz'kkld dk vlk/kkj.k feJ.k
gSA nwljk laLej.k Hkh MkW0 uxsUnz ij vk/kkfjr gSA os O;olk;
ls v/;kid gSA mudk izFke vkSj lcls egÙoiw.kZ ifjp;
muds lkfgR;dkj dk gh ifjp; gSA rhljk laLej.k Jherh
lkfof= flUgk ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa mudk eerke;h :Ik
fn[kk;k x;k gSA pkSFkk] laLej.k tSusUnz dqekj th dk gSA os
lkSE; vkSj xEHkhj FksA os ,d egku lkfgR;dkj FksA ikWapok
laLej.k ckck ukxktqZu th dk gSA os cM+s lkfgR;dkj FksA NVk
laLej.k 'kjn tks'kh dk gSA 'kjn th ds lkFk i=ksa ds ek/;e ls
ckr&phr gksrh jgrh FksA os rstLoh] gWaleq[k o fo}ku FksA
Lkkroka laLej.k yrhQ ?kksa?kh dk gSA os O;aX;dkj FksA vkBoka
laLej.k&mxz* th dk gSA tc eSa 'kks/k dk;Z dj jgk Fkk rks
esjs 'kks/k& fo"k; ds {ks= esa ^mxz* th vkrs FksA ukSaoka laLej.k
vKs; th dk gSA os vKs; th cgqr de cksyrs FksA os viuh
ckrsa cM+h e;kZnk vkSj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk dgrs gSa] ftlls
December ,2013
'kks/k i= & fgUnh
MkW- d`".k dqekj
^laLej.kkRed fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij
^Lejkfe* dh leh{kk*
Jksrk izHkkfor gksrs gSaA nloka laLej.k ikBd th ls lEcfU/kr
gSA ikBd th ljy] vkReh; vkSj fujkfHkekuh O;fDr FksA X;kjoka
laLej.k MkW0 ujsUnz Hkkukor th dk gSA ;g fofp= la;ksx Fkk
fd esjk uke Hkh ujsUnz Fkk vkSj esjs miU;klksa ij 'kks/k djokus
okys funsZ'kd dk HkhA os cMs+ lgt vkSj vkReh; Hkko ds O;fDr
FksA Ckkgjoka laLej.k cnzhukjk;.k frokjh th dk gSA blesa crk;k
x;k gS fd iSls ls dksbZ cM+k vkneh ugha gksrk] D;ksfd iSls
u gksrs gq, Hkh egkRek xkWa/kh th ,d cMk+ vkneh FkkA Rksgjoka
laLej.k jpukdkj dh ckY;koLFkk dh Le`fr;ksa ls lEcfU/kr
gSA bl laLej.k esa /keZ ds fo"k; esa crk;k x;k gSA
pkSngosa laLej.k esa Hkh laLej.kdkj dh thou lEcU/kh
Le`fr;kWa gSaA iUnzgoka laLej.k laLej.kdkj dh iRuh e/kqfjek
th ls lEcfU/kr gSA jpukdkj us bl laLej.k esa viuh iRuh
e/kqfjek ds LoHkko esa vius fopkj m)`r fd, gSaA lksgyoka
laLej.k pUnzHkw"k.k flUgk th dk gSA flUgk th dks Je'khyrk
okys fo|kFkhZ cgqr ilUn FksA lrgjoka laLej.k rqylh th dk
gSA vkpk;Z rqylh ,d lar] ,d vk/;kfRed iq:"k vkSj ,d
dfo FksA os ,d egku fopkjd FksA vBkgjoka laLej.k
laLej.kdkj ds vius iq= rqY; izsetuest; th dk gSA og
crkrs gSa fd izse ,d es/kkoh Nk= FkkA og cgqeq[kh izfrHkk dk
/kuh FkkA mUuuhloka laLej.k laLej.kdkj ds f'k"; lqjs'k dkar
th dk gSA og ,d es/kkoh] ifjJeh] iz[kj vkSj ftKklq Nk=
FkkA mijksDr o.kZu ls KkrO; gS fd dFkkoLrq lgtrk]
LokHkkfodrk ds lkFk vkxs izokfgr gksrh gSA ljyrk] lgtrk]
xfr'khyrk] izokge;rk] ;FkkFkZrk] lw=c)rk vkfn bl dFkk
oLrq ds xq.k gSas] lkfgR; dh izR;sd fo/kk esa fo"k; oLrq dk
vfuok;Zr% fo|eku gksrk gSA
pkfj";
^Lejkfe* laLej.k& laxzg esa vf/kdrj laLej.k ik=ksa dks
vk/kkj cukdj gh fy[ks x;s gSaA blesa MkW0 uxsUnz] tSusUnz] vKs;]
ukxktqZu] MkW0 lkfo=h flUgk] 'kjntks'kh] mxz th] rqylh]
yrhQ ?kksa?kh] MkW0 ujsUnz iszetues; vkfn ik=ksa dh pkfjf=d
fo'ks"krkvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg esa Hkh vU;
fgUnh laLej.kksa dh HkkWafr ik=ksa dh os'kHkw"kk] jax & :i dks mHkkjus
izLrqr 'kks/k i= laLej.kkRed fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe dh leh{kk ij vk/kkfjr gS bl 'kks/k i= eas ujsUnz dksgyh }kjk jfpr ^Lejkfe* laLej.k
dh rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij leh{kk dh gS A lkfgR; dh izR;sd fo/kk ds fof'k"V rÙo gksrs gSaA blh izdkj laLej.k fo/kk ds Hkh izeq[k rÙo&dFkkoLrq] pkfj";]
Hkko{ks=] Rojkewyd ladsrkRedrk] ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k] 'kSyh vkSj mís'; lkr rÙo gSaA bl laLej.k laxzg esaa mUuhl 'kh"kZdksa esa laLej.k fy[ks x;s gSaA bl
laLej.k laxzg esa egku foHkwfr;ksssa ds vkpkj&izpkj] thou ;kiu ds <ax] lkfgfR;d thou] jpuk izfdz;k rFkk O;fDrÙo ls lEcfU/kr laLej.k dykRed
'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;s gSA bl jpuk esa laLej.k ds mi;qZDr lHkh rÙoksa dk iw.kZ:is.k fuokZg gqvk gSA bl rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe* jpuk laLej.k fo/kk
dh ,d Js"V jpuk gSA
* fizfliy] ,l- ,l- ,e- f'k{k.k egkfo|ky;] dyk;r ftyk dSFky] gfj;k.kk
70 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA ckck ukxktqZu ds ckg~; & :i dk
fp=.k bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS&^^mudk ukVkdn] nqcyk &
iryk 'kjhj] dqN Hkhrj /kalh vkWa[ks dqN lQsnh fy, f[kpM+h
cky] chp esa dqN xatk flj] lQsn [kknh dqÙkkZ vkSj /kksrhA2
bu ifDr;ksa esa ukxktqZu dk lEeksgd O;fDÙkRo gekjh vkWa[kksa
ds lkeus izdV gks tkrk gSA
ikBd th ds O;fDrRo dk fp=.k djrs gq, jpukdkj
usa fy[kk gS&^^og ,d bruh cM+h dEiuh dk ÅWapk vkSj leFkZ
vf/kdkjh ugha] xksnku dk pwgk gS & tks cksfj;ksa ij dwn&Qkan
rks ldrk gS] ij mudk Lokeh ugha gks ldrk&**3
bu iafDr;ksa
ds ek/;e ls dksgyh th us ikBd th dk ltho fp= [khapk
gSA pUnzHkw"k.k flUgk ds ckg~; O;fDÙkRo dk fp=.k laLej.kdkj
us fuEu :Ik esa fd;k gS&^^jk"Vª Hkk"kk dh d{kk Fkh os vk,A eSaus
/;ku ls mudks ns[kkA jke us Bhd dgk FkkA os loZFkk ;qok
FksA 'kjhj ruk gqvk] pky esa pVd] lqn'kZu :iA] vkWa[ksa tSls
iwjh [kqyrh u gksaA**4
bu iafDr;ksa esa flUgk th ds O;fDÙkRo dks
latks;k gSA ik=ksa ds fp=.k ds ek/;e ls gh dFkkud vkxs c<+rk
gS vkSj ik=ksa dk fp=.k Lor% gh ?kVukvksaa ds ek/;e ls mtkxj
gksrk tkrk gSA bl izdkj bl laLej.k laxzg esa pkfj"; fp=.k
dk o.kZu laLej.kdkj us cgqr gh vPNs <ax ls fd;k gS A
Hkko{ks=
Hkko{ks= laLej.k fo|k dk ,d izeq[k rÙo gSA
^Lejkfe* esa Hkh vU; laLej.kksa dh HkkWafr izse] ?k`.kk] foLe;]
d:.kk vkfn Hkkoksa dks izk:i nsus ds fy, fofo/k izlaxksa dk
fp=.k gqvk gSA vusd izlaxksa esa laLej.kdkj iw.kZr;k yhu gksrk
gSA MkW0 ujsUnz Hkkukor ds fo"k; esa laLej.kdkj us vR;Ur
Hkko.kw.kZ fp=.k bl izdkj fd;k gS%&% ^^MWk0 ujsUnz Hkkukor
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk ogkWa
mifLFkr Fks] fdUrq viuh 'kkyhurk ds dkj.k brus fouhr&Hkko
ls ppkZ dj jgs Fks] tSls gekjh vkxokuh dks ogkWa dksbZ u vk
ik;k gks ;k mudh O;oLFkk eas dksbZ =qfV jg xbZ gks vFkok os
gekjk mfpr lRdkj u dj ik, gksA**5
mi;qZDr m)j.k esa
jpukdkj dh Hkko&fog~oyrk dk vR;Ur Hkko &iw.kZ o.kZu fd;k
gSA vr% Hkkoksa dh iz/kkurk lgt nz"VO; gSA Hkkoksa dks ewrZ:Ik
nsus ds fy, laLej.kdkj us vusd ;qfDr;ksa vkSj izrhdksa dk
lgkjk fy;k gSA bu izrhdksa dks }kjk laLej.kdkj xgu ls xgu
Hkkoksa dks :ikf;r djus esa vR;Ur lQy gqvk gSA ckck ukxktqZu
ls lEcfU/kr Hkkoiw.kZ o.kZu bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^izd`fr ds
fl)kUr cM+s fofp= gSa csVhA ckck dqN lksprs gq, cksys] ^^,d
O;fDr ;fn cgqr lkjs oSHko ds chp thus dk vH;Lr gks tk,]
rks og fcuk oSHko ds th ugha ldrkA**6
bu ifDr;ksa esa jpukdkj
Hkkoksa ds fp=.k esa lQy gqvk gSA ^Lejkfe* laLej.k esa
laLej.kdkj us viuh vkUrfjd Hkkoukvksa dks fp=kRed 'kSyh
ds ek/;e ls Le`fr ds vk/kkj ij vafdr fd;k gSA
;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k
;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k laLej.k dk ,d vfuok;Z rÙo gS
bl laLej.k es ik=&fp=.k] ifjfLFkfr vadu] lkn`'; vkSj
oS"kE; ewyd o.kZu] ifjos'kkRed o.kZu esa ;FkkFkZokn dk iw.kZ
fuokZg nz"Vo; gS ifjos'kkRed ;FkkFkZ ds fp=.k }kjk lthork
ykus esa laLej.k lgk;d gqvk gS&^^ij ekSle us esa loZFkk
vizHkkfor dukV Iysl viuh iwjh tokuh ij FkkA dkQh
HkhM&HkkM+ FkhA QqVikFkksa ij Hkh nqdkusa yxh FkhA thou chek
fuxe&eSnku ds lkFk&lkFk rks iwjk fdzlel cktkj gh yxk
FkkA**7
MWk0 uxsUnz dk pfj=&fp=.k djrs gq, laLej.k es fy[kk
gS&^^MWk0 uxsUnz gekjs fy, ,d ^Hk;* Fks] tks viuh xfjek esa
ca/ks vkrs Fks] vuq'kklu ds ok;qe.My esa lkal ysrs Fks] rst vkWa[kksa
ls ns[krs Fks] ekFks ij R;ksSfj;ka p<+k dj ckr djrs Fks vkSj MkWaVus
ds fy, dqN vfrfjDr :i ls m|r jgrs FksA**8
bu 'kCnksa dks i<+dj ik= ds pfj= dk ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k
Lor% vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks ik= ds pfj=&fp=.k
dks lthork iznku djus esa lgk;d gqvk gSA ikBd th ckg~;
fp=.k esa Hkh ;FkkFkZoknh n`f"Vdks.k Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS&
^^eSa lkekU;r% ,d&vk/k HkasV esa fdlh O;fDr ds fo"k; esa
dksbZ /kkj.kk ugha cukrk] ij vk/ks^ ikSus ?k.Vs dh ckrphr esa gh
ikBd th ds fo"k; esa esjs eu us iDdh /kkj.kk cuk yh vkSj
og /kkj.kk le; ds lkFk&lkFk iq"V gh gqbZ gSa fd oSlk ljy]
vkReh; vkSj fujfHkekuh O;fDr ugha ns[kkA**9
laLej.kdkj us
fp=kRed 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls vius vuqHkoksa dk ;FkkFkZoknh
fp=.k fd;k gSA
Rojkewyd ladsrkRedrk
y?kq vkdkjh; fo/kk gksus ds dkj.k laLej.kdkj
ladsriz/kkuf'kYiviukrk gSA;sladsr&o.kZukRed]leL;kewyd]
izrhdkRed] mís';ksUeq[k o ifjos'k xHkhZ] vkfn gSA ^Lejkfe*
laLej.k esa Hkh ,sls gh ladsrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] tks bl
izdkj gSa& ik=ksa ds pfj= dks mHkkjus ds fy, fooj.kkRed ladsr
dk iz;ksx fd;k gS&^^MkW0 uxsUnz rst vkWa[kksa ls ns[krs Fks] ekFks
ij R;kSfj;kWa p<+kdj ckr djrs Fks vkSj MkWaVus ds fy, dqN
vfrfjDr :i ls m|r jgrs FksA mudks gWalrs&eqLdjkrs geus
dHkh ugha ns[kk FkkA**10
Hk;] R;kSfj;kWa p<+kdj tSls 'kCnksa esa
ladsrkRedrk dk Li"V iz;ksx x;k gSA
ujsUnz dkssgyh th us ^Lejkfe* d`fr esa leL;kewyd ladsr
dk Hkh lekos'k fd;k gS& ^^vkt ds f'k{kkra= dh dqN ,slh
ifjlhek,a gSa fd fo|kFkhZ dk efLr"d dbZ izdkj ds pkS[kVsa
esa ?ksj fn;k tkrk gS ftlesa mlds O;fDÙkRo ds LorU= fodkl
ds fy, vodk'k cgqr de jg tkrk gSA lkfgR; ds fo|kFkhZ
bu ca/kuksa esa vkSj Hkh vf/kd tdM+s gq, gSaA**11
bu iafDr;ksa us
ujsUnz dksgyh th us lkfgR; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkeus vkus okyh
leL;kvksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA vr% ys[kd ladsrkRedrk
ds }kjk euksHkkoksa dks fpf=r djus esa lQy gqvk gSA
'kSyh
^Lejkfe* laLej.k esa bfro`ÙkkRed vkSj feJ 'kSyh dk
iz;ksx vkyadkfjd Hkk"kk 'kSyh dh vis{kk vf/kd gqvk gSA
71SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
bfro`ÙkkRed 'kSyh ds }kjk jpukdkj fopkjksa dks Li"V rFkk
ljy Hkk"kk 'kSyh esa ikBdksaa rd igWaqpkus o ikBdksa ij lh/kk
izHkko Mkyus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA bfro`ÙkkRed 'kSyh esa ikBdksaa
ij lh/kk izHkko Mkyus dh {kerk gksrh gSA ,d mnkgj.k nz"VO;
gS&^^dykdkj LorU= izk.kh gSA mls ckWa/kdj j[kus ls] mldh
dyk mUur ugha gks ldsxhA tSusUnz th cksys] ^^mldh dYiuk
lhfer gks tk,xh vkSj og [kqydj lkfgR; ugha jp ik,xkA**12
bu iafDr;ka esa bfro`ÙkkRed o.kZu ds lkFk Hkkoijd fp=.k
Hkh gqvk gSA ukxktqZu th ds lEcU/k esa fy[ks x, bu 'kCnksa esa
vkyadkfjd 'kSyh ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS&
^^jsfM+;ksa ds fy, fy[kuk cM+k dfBu dke gksrk gS HkkbZA tjk&lh
ckr ljdkj dh vogsyuk djus okyh gks tk,] rks jsfM+;ks okys
vM+ tkrs gSaA fdlh dh ekurs gh ughaA mlus vuqjks/k ij eSaus
,d :id ^ilhuk*] ^dkWaVs vkSj Qwy* fy[kus ds fo"k; esa lkspk
Fkk] ij jsfM++;ksa okyksa dks os dkWaVs brus pqHks fd lc xM+cM+ gks
x;kA**13
fp=kRed xq.kksa ls ;qDr laLej.k izHkkoksRiknd] O;atd
vkSj jkspd cu tkrs gSaA bl lc xq.kksa dks n'kkZrk gqvk ,d
mnkgj.k vxzfyf[kr izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS& ^^QqVikFkksa ij
Hkh nqdkusa yxh FkhA thou chek fuxe&eSnku ds lkFk&lkFk
rks iwjk fdzlel cktkj gh yxk FkkA**14
vr% laLej.k dks jkspd
cukus ds fy, ujsUnz dksgyh th us fp=kRed 'kSyh dk Hkjiwj
iz;ksx fd;k gSA ^Lejkfe* d`fr esa bfro`rkRed] vkyadkfjd]
fp=kRed o lwfDr 'kSyh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
mís';
izR;sd dk;Z dk dksbZ u dksbZ mís'; vo'; gksrk
gSA laLej.k fo/kk Hkh ,d lksís'; fo/kk gSA izR;sd jpukdkj
vyx&vyx mís'; ls izsfjr gksdj jpuk djrk gSA ^Lejkfe*
laLej.k&laxzg eas Hkh ujsUnz dksgyh th us dqN mís';ksa dks lkeus
j[krs gq, laLej.k&Lejkfe dh jpuk dh gSA laLej.k&laxzg
dk v/;;u djus ij geas irk pyrk gS] fd laLej.kdkj dk
izFke mís'; vius lEidZ esa vk;s vlk/kkj.k&izfrHkk'kkfy;ksa ds
pfj=] jgu&lgu] LoHkko] mudh jpuk& izfdz;k] fopkj rFkk
muds O;fDrRo dks mtkxj djus dk jgk gSA nwljh rjQ
ys[kd dk vius ifjokj] dk;ksZ] jpuk&dk;ksZa] jktuhfr esa
lgHkkfxrk dk foospu djuk mís'; jgk gSA
vius thou esa dh xbZ fofHkUu ;k=kvksa dks izk:Ik nsus
dk Hkh jgk gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg esa jpukdkj dk MkW0 uxsUnz
dh fo}rk] vk/;kfRedrk] Js"B O;fDrRo] fofHkUu /keksZ ds izfr
lg&Hkko dk foospu djuk mís'; jgk gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg
esa laLej.kdkj dk izeq[k mís'; vius jktuhfr ds [kÍs&ehBs
vuqHkoksa] fo|k;dh; thou dh O;Lrrk] turk dh fo/kk;d
ls vis{kkvksa o foi{k dh fLFkfr dks Li"V djuk jgk gSA vUrr%
dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh dh ,d lksís';]
lQy o jkspd jpuk gSA
fu"d"kZ%&
laLej.k fo/kk ds eq[; rÙoksa ds vyx&vyx ^Lejkfe*
ds chp esa xqtkj dj ns[kus ds ckn ;g fl) gks x;k gS fd
^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh }kjk jfpr ,d mPpdksfV dh laLej.k
fo/kk dh jpuk gSaA ujsUnz dksgyh th dh ^Lejkfe* jpuk esa
lLej.k ds lHkh rÙoksa dk lgh lekos'k gqvk gSA blesa fgUnh
lkfgR; ds tkus ekus lkfgR;dkjksa ls lEcfU/kr laLej.k
dykRed <ax ls izLrqr fd;s x;s gSA bl laLej.k dh fo"k;
oLrq esa eq[;r% oS;fDrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] lkfgfR;d o
jktuhfrd ls lEcfU/kr gSaA ik= ;kstuk vR;Ur Li"V gS A
Hkko fp=.k Js"B gSA ys[kd us ,sfUnzd vuqHkwfr ds }kjk tks vuqHko
fd;k mld ;FkkFkZ fp=.k Hkh vR;Ur mPpdksfV dk gSA
Rojkewyd lakdsfrdrk dk iw.kZ fuokZg gqvk gSA bl laLej.k
dh izeq[k 'kSfy;ksa dk iw.kZ lkeatL; gqvk gSA mís'; ds vk/kkj
ij Hkh ;g jpuk iw.kZ lQy gqbZ gSA vUrr% dgk tk ldrk
gS fd laLej.k fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe* jpuk
iw.kZ:is.k [kjh mrjrh gS vkSj ;g ,d lQy laLej.kkRed
fo/kk dh d`fr gSA
1- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10
2- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 44
3- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 52
4- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 41
5- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 115
6- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 75&76
7- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 66
8- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10
9- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 109
10- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10
11- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 24
12- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 28&29
13- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 57
14- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 126

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  • 1. 69SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59 izLrkouk ^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh dh laLej.kkRed fo/kk dh jpuk gSA ;g jpuk lu~ 2000 es fy[kh xbZ gS blesa jpukdkj ds thou ds [kês&feBs vuqHko o dqN e/kqj vfoLej.kh; Le`fr;kWa ladfyr dh gSaA bl iqLrd esa MkW0 uxsUnz] 'kjntks'kh] tSusUnz] vKs;] mxz th] yrhQ ?kksa?kh o ys[kd ds vius thou dh Le`fr;kWa laxzfgr gS izR;sd jpuk dk foospu&fo'ys"k.k ml jpuk ls lEcfU/kr fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA blh fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge dg ldrs gSa fd veqd jpuk dks fdl fo/kk dh dksfV esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA vr%izLrqrlaLej.k&laxzg^Lejkfe*dkfo'ys"k.kHkhlaLej.kfo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vkyksd eSaa fd;k tk jgk gSA laLej.k ds fuEufyf[kr lkr rÙo ekus x;s gSa ftudk o.kZu bl izdkj gS%& dFkkoLrq% bl laLej.k& laxzg dh fo"k;& oLrq] MkW0 uxsUnz] MkW0 jfoUnz dqekj] MkW0 lq"kek] tSusUnz] vKs;] MkW0 lkfof= flUgk] ukxktqZu] 'kjn tks'kh] mxz th] rqylh] iszetues;] /keZ&lEcU/kh] d'ehj ;k=k lEcU/kh fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gS%& izFke] laLej.k MkW0 uxsUnz th ls lEcfU/kr gSA mudsa O;fDÙkRo esa fo}ku v/;kid rFkk iz'kkld dk vlk/kkj.k feJ.k gSA nwljk laLej.k Hkh MkW0 uxsUnz ij vk/kkfjr gSA os O;olk; ls v/;kid gSA mudk izFke vkSj lcls egÙoiw.kZ ifjp; muds lkfgR;dkj dk gh ifjp; gSA rhljk laLej.k Jherh lkfof= flUgk ij vk/kkfjr gS ftlesa mudk eerke;h :Ik fn[kk;k x;k gSA pkSFkk] laLej.k tSusUnz dqekj th dk gSA os lkSE; vkSj xEHkhj FksA os ,d egku lkfgR;dkj FksA ikWapok laLej.k ckck ukxktqZu th dk gSA os cM+s lkfgR;dkj FksA NVk laLej.k 'kjn tks'kh dk gSA 'kjn th ds lkFk i=ksa ds ek/;e ls ckr&phr gksrh jgrh FksA os rstLoh] gWaleq[k o fo}ku FksA Lkkroka laLej.k yrhQ ?kksa?kh dk gSA os O;aX;dkj FksA vkBoka laLej.k&mxz* th dk gSA tc eSa 'kks/k dk;Z dj jgk Fkk rks esjs 'kks/k& fo"k; ds {ks= esa ^mxz* th vkrs FksA ukSaoka laLej.k vKs; th dk gSA os vKs; th cgqr de cksyrs FksA os viuh ckrsa cM+h e;kZnk vkSj vkRefo'okl ds lkFk dgrs gSa] ftlls December ,2013 'kks/k i= & fgUnh MkW- d`".k dqekj ^laLej.kkRed fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe* dh leh{kk* Jksrk izHkkfor gksrs gSaA nloka laLej.k ikBd th ls lEcfU/kr gSA ikBd th ljy] vkReh; vkSj fujkfHkekuh O;fDr FksA X;kjoka laLej.k MkW0 ujsUnz Hkkukor th dk gSA ;g fofp= la;ksx Fkk fd esjk uke Hkh ujsUnz Fkk vkSj esjs miU;klksa ij 'kks/k djokus okys funsZ'kd dk HkhA os cMs+ lgt vkSj vkReh; Hkko ds O;fDr FksA Ckkgjoka laLej.k cnzhukjk;.k frokjh th dk gSA blesa crk;k x;k gS fd iSls ls dksbZ cM+k vkneh ugha gksrk] D;ksfd iSls u gksrs gq, Hkh egkRek xkWa/kh th ,d cMk+ vkneh FkkA Rksgjoka laLej.k jpukdkj dh ckY;koLFkk dh Le`fr;ksa ls lEcfU/kr gSA bl laLej.k esa /keZ ds fo"k; esa crk;k x;k gSA pkSngosa laLej.k esa Hkh laLej.kdkj dh thou lEcU/kh Le`fr;kWa gSaA iUnzgoka laLej.k laLej.kdkj dh iRuh e/kqfjek th ls lEcfU/kr gSA jpukdkj us bl laLej.k esa viuh iRuh e/kqfjek ds LoHkko esa vius fopkj m)`r fd, gSaA lksgyoka laLej.k pUnzHkw"k.k flUgk th dk gSA flUgk th dks Je'khyrk okys fo|kFkhZ cgqr ilUn FksA lrgjoka laLej.k rqylh th dk gSA vkpk;Z rqylh ,d lar] ,d vk/;kfRed iq:"k vkSj ,d dfo FksA os ,d egku fopkjd FksA vBkgjoka laLej.k laLej.kdkj ds vius iq= rqY; izsetuest; th dk gSA og crkrs gSa fd izse ,d es/kkoh Nk= FkkA og cgqeq[kh izfrHkk dk /kuh FkkA mUuuhloka laLej.k laLej.kdkj ds f'k"; lqjs'k dkar th dk gSA og ,d es/kkoh] ifjJeh] iz[kj vkSj ftKklq Nk= FkkA mijksDr o.kZu ls KkrO; gS fd dFkkoLrq lgtrk] LokHkkfodrk ds lkFk vkxs izokfgr gksrh gSA ljyrk] lgtrk] xfr'khyrk] izokge;rk] ;FkkFkZrk] lw=c)rk vkfn bl dFkk oLrq ds xq.k gSas] lkfgR; dh izR;sd fo/kk esa fo"k; oLrq dk vfuok;Zr% fo|eku gksrk gSA pkfj"; ^Lejkfe* laLej.k& laxzg esa vf/kdrj laLej.k ik=ksa dks vk/kkj cukdj gh fy[ks x;s gSaA blesa MkW0 uxsUnz] tSusUnz] vKs;] ukxktqZu] MkW0 lkfo=h flUgk] 'kjntks'kh] mxz th] rqylh] yrhQ ?kksa?kh] MkW0 ujsUnz iszetues; vkfn ik=ksa dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krkvksa dks mtkxj fd;k gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg esa Hkh vU; fgUnh laLej.kksa dh HkkWafr ik=ksa dh os'kHkw"kk] jax & :i dks mHkkjus izLrqr 'kks/k i= laLej.kkRed fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe dh leh{kk ij vk/kkfjr gS bl 'kks/k i= eas ujsUnz dksgyh }kjk jfpr ^Lejkfe* laLej.k dh rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij leh{kk dh gS A lkfgR; dh izR;sd fo/kk ds fof'k"V rÙo gksrs gSaA blh izdkj laLej.k fo/kk ds Hkh izeq[k rÙo&dFkkoLrq] pkfj";] Hkko{ks=] Rojkewyd ladsrkRedrk] ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k] 'kSyh vkSj mís'; lkr rÙo gSaA bl laLej.k laxzg esaa mUuhl 'kh"kZdksa esa laLej.k fy[ks x;s gSaA bl laLej.k laxzg esa egku foHkwfr;ksssa ds vkpkj&izpkj] thou ;kiu ds <ax] lkfgfR;d thou] jpuk izfdz;k rFkk O;fDrÙo ls lEcfU/kr laLej.k dykRed 'kSyh esa izLrqr fd;s gSA bl jpuk esa laLej.k ds mi;qZDr lHkh rÙoksa dk iw.kZ:is.k fuokZg gqvk gSA bl rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe* jpuk laLej.k fo/kk dh ,d Js"V jpuk gSA * fizfliy] ,l- ,l- ,e- f'k{k.k egkfo|ky;] dyk;r ftyk dSFky] gfj;k.kk
  • 2. 70 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59 dk iz;Ru fd;k x;k gSA ckck ukxktqZu ds ckg~; & :i dk fp=.k bl izdkj fd;k x;k gS&^^mudk ukVkdn] nqcyk & iryk 'kjhj] dqN Hkhrj /kalh vkWa[ks dqN lQsnh fy, f[kpM+h cky] chp esa dqN xatk flj] lQsn [kknh dqÙkkZ vkSj /kksrhA2 bu ifDr;ksa esa ukxktqZu dk lEeksgd O;fDÙkRo gekjh vkWa[kksa ds lkeus izdV gks tkrk gSA ikBd th ds O;fDrRo dk fp=.k djrs gq, jpukdkj usa fy[kk gS&^^og ,d bruh cM+h dEiuh dk ÅWapk vkSj leFkZ vf/kdkjh ugha] xksnku dk pwgk gS & tks cksfj;ksa ij dwn&Qkan rks ldrk gS] ij mudk Lokeh ugha gks ldrk&**3 bu iafDr;ksa ds ek/;e ls dksgyh th us ikBd th dk ltho fp= [khapk gSA pUnzHkw"k.k flUgk ds ckg~; O;fDÙkRo dk fp=.k laLej.kdkj us fuEu :Ik esa fd;k gS&^^jk"Vª Hkk"kk dh d{kk Fkh os vk,A eSaus /;ku ls mudks ns[kkA jke us Bhd dgk FkkA os loZFkk ;qok FksA 'kjhj ruk gqvk] pky esa pVd] lqn'kZu :iA] vkWa[ksa tSls iwjh [kqyrh u gksaA**4 bu iafDr;ksa esa flUgk th ds O;fDÙkRo dks latks;k gSA ik=ksa ds fp=.k ds ek/;e ls gh dFkkud vkxs c<+rk gS vkSj ik=ksa dk fp=.k Lor% gh ?kVukvksaa ds ek/;e ls mtkxj gksrk tkrk gSA bl izdkj bl laLej.k laxzg esa pkfj"; fp=.k dk o.kZu laLej.kdkj us cgqr gh vPNs <ax ls fd;k gS A Hkko{ks= Hkko{ks= laLej.k fo|k dk ,d izeq[k rÙo gSA ^Lejkfe* esa Hkh vU; laLej.kksa dh HkkWafr izse] ?k`.kk] foLe;] d:.kk vkfn Hkkoksa dks izk:i nsus ds fy, fofo/k izlaxksa dk fp=.k gqvk gSA vusd izlaxksa esa laLej.kdkj iw.kZr;k yhu gksrk gSA MkW0 ujsUnz Hkkukor ds fo"k; esa laLej.kdkj us vR;Ur Hkko.kw.kZ fp=.k bl izdkj fd;k gS%&% ^^MWk0 ujsUnz Hkkukor jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk ogkWa mifLFkr Fks] fdUrq viuh 'kkyhurk ds dkj.k brus fouhr&Hkko ls ppkZ dj jgs Fks] tSls gekjh vkxokuh dks ogkWa dksbZ u vk ik;k gks ;k mudh O;oLFkk eas dksbZ =qfV jg xbZ gks vFkok os gekjk mfpr lRdkj u dj ik, gksA**5 mi;qZDr m)j.k esa jpukdkj dh Hkko&fog~oyrk dk vR;Ur Hkko &iw.kZ o.kZu fd;k gSA vr% Hkkoksa dh iz/kkurk lgt nz"VO; gSA Hkkoksa dks ewrZ:Ik nsus ds fy, laLej.kdkj us vusd ;qfDr;ksa vkSj izrhdksa dk lgkjk fy;k gSA bu izrhdksa dks }kjk laLej.kdkj xgu ls xgu Hkkoksa dks :ikf;r djus esa vR;Ur lQy gqvk gSA ckck ukxktqZu ls lEcfU/kr Hkkoiw.kZ o.kZu bl izdkj fd;k gS&^^izd`fr ds fl)kUr cM+s fofp= gSa csVhA ckck dqN lksprs gq, cksys] ^^,d O;fDr ;fn cgqr lkjs oSHko ds chp thus dk vH;Lr gks tk,] rks og fcuk oSHko ds th ugha ldrkA**6 bu ifDr;ksa esa jpukdkj Hkkoksa ds fp=.k esa lQy gqvk gSA ^Lejkfe* laLej.k esa laLej.kdkj us viuh vkUrfjd Hkkoukvksa dks fp=kRed 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls Le`fr ds vk/kkj ij vafdr fd;k gSA ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k laLej.k dk ,d vfuok;Z rÙo gS bl laLej.k es ik=&fp=.k] ifjfLFkfr vadu] lkn`'; vkSj oS"kE; ewyd o.kZu] ifjos'kkRed o.kZu esa ;FkkFkZokn dk iw.kZ fuokZg nz"Vo; gS ifjos'kkRed ;FkkFkZ ds fp=.k }kjk lthork ykus esa laLej.k lgk;d gqvk gS&^^ij ekSle us esa loZFkk vizHkkfor dukV Iysl viuh iwjh tokuh ij FkkA dkQh HkhM&HkkM+ FkhA QqVikFkksa ij Hkh nqdkusa yxh FkhA thou chek fuxe&eSnku ds lkFk&lkFk rks iwjk fdzlel cktkj gh yxk FkkA**7 MWk0 uxsUnz dk pfj=&fp=.k djrs gq, laLej.k es fy[kk gS&^^MWk0 uxsUnz gekjs fy, ,d ^Hk;* Fks] tks viuh xfjek esa ca/ks vkrs Fks] vuq'kklu ds ok;qe.My esa lkal ysrs Fks] rst vkWa[kksa ls ns[krs Fks] ekFks ij R;ksSfj;ka p<+k dj ckr djrs Fks vkSj MkWaVus ds fy, dqN vfrfjDr :i ls m|r jgrs FksA**8 bu 'kCnksa dks i<+dj ik= ds pfj= dk ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k Lor% vuqHko fd;k tk ldrk gS] tks ik= ds pfj=&fp=.k dks lthork iznku djus esa lgk;d gqvk gSA ikBd th ckg~; fp=.k esa Hkh ;FkkFkZoknh n`f"Vdks.k Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gS& ^^eSa lkekU;r% ,d&vk/k HkasV esa fdlh O;fDr ds fo"k; esa dksbZ /kkj.kk ugha cukrk] ij vk/ks^ ikSus ?k.Vs dh ckrphr esa gh ikBd th ds fo"k; esa esjs eu us iDdh /kkj.kk cuk yh vkSj og /kkj.kk le; ds lkFk&lkFk iq"V gh gqbZ gSa fd oSlk ljy] vkReh; vkSj fujfHkekuh O;fDr ugha ns[kkA**9 laLej.kdkj us fp=kRed 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls vius vuqHkoksa dk ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k fd;k gSA Rojkewyd ladsrkRedrk y?kq vkdkjh; fo/kk gksus ds dkj.k laLej.kdkj ladsriz/kkuf'kYiviukrk gSA;sladsr&o.kZukRed]leL;kewyd] izrhdkRed] mís';ksUeq[k o ifjos'k xHkhZ] vkfn gSA ^Lejkfe* laLej.k esa Hkh ,sls gh ladsrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS] tks bl izdkj gSa& ik=ksa ds pfj= dks mHkkjus ds fy, fooj.kkRed ladsr dk iz;ksx fd;k gS&^^MkW0 uxsUnz rst vkWa[kksa ls ns[krs Fks] ekFks ij R;kSfj;kWa p<+kdj ckr djrs Fks vkSj MkWaVus ds fy, dqN vfrfjDr :i ls m|r jgrs FksA mudks gWalrs&eqLdjkrs geus dHkh ugha ns[kk FkkA**10 Hk;] R;kSfj;kWa p<+kdj tSls 'kCnksa esa ladsrkRedrk dk Li"V iz;ksx x;k gSA ujsUnz dkssgyh th us ^Lejkfe* d`fr esa leL;kewyd ladsr dk Hkh lekos'k fd;k gS& ^^vkt ds f'k{kkra= dh dqN ,slh ifjlhek,a gSa fd fo|kFkhZ dk efLr"d dbZ izdkj ds pkS[kVsa esa ?ksj fn;k tkrk gS ftlesa mlds O;fDÙkRo ds LorU= fodkl ds fy, vodk'k cgqr de jg tkrk gSA lkfgR; ds fo|kFkhZ bu ca/kuksa esa vkSj Hkh vf/kd tdM+s gq, gSaA**11 bu iafDr;ksa us ujsUnz dksgyh th us lkfgR; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkeus vkus okyh leL;kvksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA vr% ys[kd ladsrkRedrk ds }kjk euksHkkoksa dks fpf=r djus esa lQy gqvk gSA 'kSyh ^Lejkfe* laLej.k esa bfro`ÙkkRed vkSj feJ 'kSyh dk iz;ksx vkyadkfjd Hkk"kk 'kSyh dh vis{kk vf/kd gqvk gSA
  • 3. 71SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59 bfro`ÙkkRed 'kSyh ds }kjk jpukdkj fopkjksa dks Li"V rFkk ljy Hkk"kk 'kSyh esa ikBdksaa rd igWaqpkus o ikBdksa ij lh/kk izHkko Mkyus dk iz;Ru djrk gSA bfro`ÙkkRed 'kSyh esa ikBdksaa ij lh/kk izHkko Mkyus dh {kerk gksrh gSA ,d mnkgj.k nz"VO; gS&^^dykdkj LorU= izk.kh gSA mls ckWa/kdj j[kus ls] mldh dyk mUur ugha gks ldsxhA tSusUnz th cksys] ^^mldh dYiuk lhfer gks tk,xh vkSj og [kqydj lkfgR; ugha jp ik,xkA**12 bu iafDr;ka esa bfro`ÙkkRed o.kZu ds lkFk Hkkoijd fp=.k Hkh gqvk gSA ukxktqZu th ds lEcU/k esa fy[ks x, bu 'kCnksa esa vkyadkfjd 'kSyh ds mnkgj.k ds :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gS& ^^jsfM+;ksa ds fy, fy[kuk cM+k dfBu dke gksrk gS HkkbZA tjk&lh ckr ljdkj dh vogsyuk djus okyh gks tk,] rks jsfM+;ks okys vM+ tkrs gSaA fdlh dh ekurs gh ughaA mlus vuqjks/k ij eSaus ,d :id ^ilhuk*] ^dkWaVs vkSj Qwy* fy[kus ds fo"k; esa lkspk Fkk] ij jsfM++;ksa okyksa dks os dkWaVs brus pqHks fd lc xM+cM+ gks x;kA**13 fp=kRed xq.kksa ls ;qDr laLej.k izHkkoksRiknd] O;atd vkSj jkspd cu tkrs gSaA bl lc xq.kksa dks n'kkZrk gqvk ,d mnkgj.k vxzfyf[kr izLrqr fd;k tk jgk gS& ^^QqVikFkksa ij Hkh nqdkusa yxh FkhA thou chek fuxe&eSnku ds lkFk&lkFk rks iwjk fdzlel cktkj gh yxk FkkA**14 vr% laLej.k dks jkspd cukus ds fy, ujsUnz dksgyh th us fp=kRed 'kSyh dk Hkjiwj iz;ksx fd;k gSA ^Lejkfe* d`fr esa bfro`rkRed] vkyadkfjd] fp=kRed o lwfDr 'kSyh dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA mís'; izR;sd dk;Z dk dksbZ u dksbZ mís'; vo'; gksrk gSA laLej.k fo/kk Hkh ,d lksís'; fo/kk gSA izR;sd jpukdkj vyx&vyx mís'; ls izsfjr gksdj jpuk djrk gSA ^Lejkfe* laLej.k&laxzg eas Hkh ujsUnz dksgyh th us dqN mís';ksa dks lkeus j[krs gq, laLej.k&Lejkfe dh jpuk dh gSA laLej.k&laxzg dk v/;;u djus ij geas irk pyrk gS] fd laLej.kdkj dk izFke mís'; vius lEidZ esa vk;s vlk/kkj.k&izfrHkk'kkfy;ksa ds pfj=] jgu&lgu] LoHkko] mudh jpuk& izfdz;k] fopkj rFkk muds O;fDrRo dks mtkxj djus dk jgk gSA nwljh rjQ ys[kd dk vius ifjokj] dk;ksZ] jpuk&dk;ksZa] jktuhfr esa lgHkkfxrk dk foospu djuk mís'; jgk gSA vius thou esa dh xbZ fofHkUu ;k=kvksa dks izk:Ik nsus dk Hkh jgk gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg esa jpukdkj dk MkW0 uxsUnz dh fo}rk] vk/;kfRedrk] Js"B O;fDrRo] fofHkUu /keksZ ds izfr lg&Hkko dk foospu djuk mís'; jgk gSA bl laLej.k&laxzg esa laLej.kdkj dk izeq[k mís'; vius jktuhfr ds [kÍs&ehBs vuqHkoksa] fo|k;dh; thou dh O;Lrrk] turk dh fo/kk;d ls vis{kkvksa o foi{k dh fLFkfr dks Li"V djuk jgk gSA vUrr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd ^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh dh ,d lksís';] lQy o jkspd jpuk gSA fu"d"kZ%& laLej.k fo/kk ds eq[; rÙoksa ds vyx&vyx ^Lejkfe* ds chp esa xqtkj dj ns[kus ds ckn ;g fl) gks x;k gS fd ^Lejkfe* ujsUnz dksgyh }kjk jfpr ,d mPpdksfV dh laLej.k fo/kk dh jpuk gSaA ujsUnz dksgyh th dh ^Lejkfe* jpuk esa lLej.k ds lHkh rÙoksa dk lgh lekos'k gqvk gSA blesa fgUnh lkfgR; ds tkus ekus lkfgR;dkjksa ls lEcfU/kr laLej.k dykRed <ax ls izLrqr fd;s x;s gSA bl laLej.k dh fo"k; oLrq esa eq[;r% oS;fDrd] lkekftd] vkfFkZd] lkfgfR;d o jktuhfrd ls lEcfU/kr gSaA ik= ;kstuk vR;Ur Li"V gS A Hkko fp=.k Js"B gSA ys[kd us ,sfUnzd vuqHkwfr ds }kjk tks vuqHko fd;k mld ;FkkFkZ fp=.k Hkh vR;Ur mPpdksfV dk gSA Rojkewyd lakdsfrdrk dk iw.kZ fuokZg gqvk gSA bl laLej.k dh izeq[k 'kSfy;ksa dk iw.kZ lkeatL; gqvk gSA mís'; ds vk/kkj ij Hkh ;g jpuk iw.kZ lQy gqbZ gSA vUrr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd laLej.k fo/kk ds rÙoksa ds vk/kkj ij ^Lejkfe* jpuk iw.kZ:is.k [kjh mrjrh gS vkSj ;g ,d lQy laLej.kkRed fo/kk dh d`fr gSA 1- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10 2- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 44 3- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 52 4- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 41 5- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 115 6- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 75&76 7- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 66 8- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10 9- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 109 10- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 10 11- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 24 12- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 28&29 13- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 57 14- ujsUnz dksgkyh ^Lejkfe* ok.kh izdk'ku 21 , nfj;kxat ubZ fnYyh] i`0 126