Makarajyothi 2016

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akjaä akäf bfùiuX
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Mem£ejX ùhCcecõuX
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vflõX Mgíû haæÿjû
lmõ ùhmaÿe Yibez
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mqbª Ytloãehje
jìjìcue yeaue
Meam£ lgYõX vace vcû
ãmõ OvVéjfq cele
hfle jgaùoeYfó©cû
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Dvõoe MjCX vem£f
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lmxceox kejgCõ Yeabv
jì jì cueùhaYe!
anekbrjõX cuehtpõX
mqbª jìekjX bfYgX
heqbªlr uôoãevÌX
bfùh htpõX bfMV bÌõX
bfóÛg MXaYeû ùhfãX mglX
ìfùh ùhmeovfjlX
cècelXi icvX
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mqbª bfIxv ujX aobX
DmxclxkganMVjX aobX
Dmxclxßùlg bfveMvX
DmxcofóØ ùhoelejX
becX heoX ùhmejõ ùMflogjfl ujX
oìfCX kgÂxpãflVe
pevgvõeOeã beacljcfljYgpX
aMóaYesi vfOeã
hËelx heCfoVaãv ùhlfYëMcav
MXKòaùk oOevû
aoabe YtóeOfãg©û ùlfoMhlfvglû
helghtqCÛùlãrMû
-Xm-a-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io [¿Ω-imkvXm icWw...
]mXp ]q¿Æ-{X-boix
{io ltc ax
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Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2016

t£{XKcnbmb Xr∏qWnØpdbn¬ {io [¿ΩimkvXmhv {][m {]XnjvTbmb t£{XamWv XmacwIpfßc {io
[¿ΩimkvXm t£{Xw. Ipd®v q‰m≠pIƒ°v ap≥]v GXp ImeØpw hncn™v hnIkn®v n¬°p∂ Xmac∏q°sfs°m≠v
nd™ncp∂ AXnatmlcamb Hcp Pemibw ChnsS D≠mbncp∂p. Cu Pemibw ÿnXn sNbvXncp∂ hf∏ns‚
DSaÿmbncp∂ samc°me abnse DÆn ºqXncn Xncpmhmb t£{XØnp kao]w HmØv ]Tn°p∂Xnmbn t]mhpIbp-
≠mbn. AhnsS HmØv ]Tn°p∂ ImeØv kao]Øv Xs∂ ÿnXn sNøp∂ N{ah´w {io [¿ΩimkvXm t£{XØn¬
N{ah´Ø∏s `Pn®pw tkhn®pw Pohn®p. Imew sN∂tXmSp IqSn At±lw hm¿≤IyklPamb Zoßƒ°v ASns∏SpIbpw
Xncn®p kz¥w C√tØ°v aSßp∂Xns°pdn®v Nn¥n°mpw XpSßn. F∂m¬ N{ah´Ø∏tmSp≈ AXnc‰ `‡n nanØw
`Khms Hcp tcw Z¿in°mXncn°pI km[yamb Imcya√t√m F∂ Nn¥bm¬ BIpeNnØmbn Ign™p hcsh Hcp
Znhkw At±lw n{Zbnem≠t∏mƒ, kz]vØn¬ Z¿iap≠mbn.
""`´Xncn C√tØ°v aSßns°mƒI, AßbpsS IqsS Rm≥ F∂pw D≠mIpw. C√sØØn Akm[mcWabn
Fs¥¶nepw Ap`hs∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Fs‚ km∂n[yw AhnsS Ds≠∂v hnizkn®v Bcm[n®vsImƒI''. s]mSp∂s
n{Z hn´v Fgpt∂‰ ºqXncn°v sX√pw kwibw D≠mbn√. N{ah´Ø∏s‚ `‡n hm’eyØn¬ Ba·mb hn{]t{ijvT≥
C√tØ°v aS°bm{X Bcw`n®p. C√sØØn, ta¬ {]Xn]mZn® Xmac°pfØn¬ Ipfn°p∂Xnmbn, Iønep≠mbncp∂
Hme°pS Icbn¬ h®v IpfØnte°ndßn. Ipfn Ign™v Icbv°v Ibdnb {_m“W≥ IpS FSp°phmmbn {ian®t∏mƒ,
AXv AhnsS Dd®ncn°p∂Xmbn Ap`hs∏´p. `‡intcmaWn°v N{ah´Ø∏s‚ km∂n[yw AhnsS Z¿in°phm≥ km[n®p.
H´pw sshImsX Xs∂ Ipf°cbn¬ Hcp XdsIń, `Khms AhnsS {]XnjvTn®p. Hmeta™ Hcp {iotImhn¬
n¿Ωn°pIbpw ssZwZn ]qPmImcyßƒ Bcw`n°pIbpw sNbvXp. At±lØns‚ Imetijw C√sØ A¥¿PßfmWv
nthZyw A¿∏n®ncp∂Xv.
Ime{ItaW ]qPmImcyßƒ SØphm≥ C√sØ ImcWh¿°v km[n°mØXnm¬, Hcp Znhkw D®]qP°v tijw
At±lw t£{XØns‚ Xmt°m¬ sNmΔc Xos∏´ almcmPmhns Gev∏n®p. [m¿ΩnI N{Ih¿Øn F∂dnbs∏ńcp∂
almcmPmhv `‡n]q¿Δw t£{Xw Gs‰Sp°pIbpw, ]pcp≤mcWØns‚ NpaXe F°metØbpw {]K¤mb
X®pimkv{X⁄≥ Cu®chmcysc Gev∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. sIm®n almcmPmhns‚ tcn´p≈ `cWØn≥ Iogn¬ Span‰w
tZhkzw Bbn ssZwZn Imcyßƒ SØnbncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ tIcfkwÿmw cq]nIrXambtXmSpIqSn, tZhkzØnp≈
hcpamw ]cnanXamhpIbpw, t£{XØnse ]qPmImcyßƒ°v ho≠pw {i≤IpdbpIbpw sNbvXp.
]flktcmhcXochnlmcn...
XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm t£{Xw
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Cu ImeL´ØnemWv
t £ { X ] c n k c h m k n I ƒ
t£{XØns‚ D∂aw mSns‚
sFizcyw BsW∂v a nem°n,
t£{XSØn∏nmbn XmacwIpfßc
Aø∏ tkhm kanXn F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp
kwLS cq]oIcn®Xv. tIcf Ducm◊
tZhkzØns‚ Iognep≈ Cu
t£{XØnse SØn∏v NpaXe Aø∏
tkhm kanXnbn¬ n£n]vXamWv. Ign™
Acq‰m≠ntesd-bmbn {]h¿Øn®p hcp∂
Aø∏ tkhm kanXn nch[n {]h¿Øßƒ
t£{XØn¬ SØn hcp∂p. [zP{]XnjvT, S∏pc
n¿ΩmWw, {iotImhnepw Np‰ºehpw sNtºme tabpI,
Du´p]pc n¿ΩWw XpSßnb ]e _rlZv ]≤XnIfpw `Khms‚
Ap{KlØmepw `‡PßfpsS n¿temàmb klIcWØmepw
]q¿ØoIcn°phm≥ km[n®p.
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc t£{X-Ønse apJy-{]-XnjvT {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-t‚-Xm-Wv.
Chn-SpsØ tZhsN{a-h-´-Ø-∏-mbpw `‡-P--ßƒ Bcm-[n-®p-h-cp-∂p. he-Xp- I-c-Øn¬
Aar-X-I-e-i-hp-ambn IpSn-sIm-f-fp∂ {io[¿Ω-im-kvXmhv Xs‚ `‡-cpsS GX-`n-em-jhpw
km[n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dmbn Ccn-°p-I-bm-Wv. I∂n-aq-e-bn¬ KW-]Xn `K-hmpw sXs°
Xncp-ap-‰Øp≈ t£{X-Øn¬ `{Z-Imfn tZhnbpw `‡-P--ßƒ°v Ap-{K-l-ßƒ ¬Ip-hm-mbn
hmW-cp-fp-∂p. IqSmsX mK-cm-Pm-hv, {_“-c-£kv F∂o D]-tZ-h-∑m-tcbpw ChnsS {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏ń´p≠v.
tIcfØnse {]ikvXamb ]qtcm’hßfn¬ XmacwIpfßc aIchnf°p’hØnv {]tXyI ÿmap≠v.
{io ]q¿Æ{Xbois‚ {]PIƒ°v tafkwkv°mcw c‡Øn¬ Aen™p tN¿∂n´p≈XmWv. hr›ntIm’hhpw
AXntmSp_‘n®p≈ AXn{]ikvXamb Fgp∂≈n∏pIfpw tafßfpw BkzZn°phm≥ mSns‚ mm`mKØv n∂pw
BkzmZI¿ {io ]q¿Æ{Xboi k∂n[nbn¬ FØnt®cp∂p. Cu D’hkwkv°mcw NphSp]nSn®mWv XmacwIpfßc
t£{XØnse B≠ptXmdpap≈ aIchnf°p’hhpw Nn´s∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv. F√m h¿jhpw aIcw H∂nv XmacwIpfßc
t£{XØn¬ Actßdp∂ taf{Xbw Npcpßnb Imeßfn¬ Xs∂ {]ikvXnbm¿÷n®Xn¬ kanXn°v NmcnXm¿∞yap≠v.
`Khms‚ Fgp∂≈n∏pIƒ cmPIobamhWw F∂p≈t∏mƒ AIºSnbmIp∂ hmZytafßƒ°v Xnabpw imkv{XobXbpw
]q¿Æambpw D≠mIWw. Cu e£yamWv `Khm≥ {io ]q¿Æ{Xbois‚bpw {io [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚bpw Ap{KlØm¬
XmacwIpfßcbn¬ Actßdp∂Xv. D’htØmSp_‘n®v Hcp {]tXyI hnjbw am{Xw ssIImcyw sNbvXv
{]kn≤oIcn°mdp≈ F∂ kvacWnIbpw BkzmZIhrμØns‚ {]iwk ]nSn®p]‰p∂p.
“£bØn¬ n∂pw {XmWw sNøp∂Xv” (miØn¬ n∂pw c£n°p∂Xv) t£{Xw F∂ A¿∞amWv {ioi¶cmNmcy¿
`KhXv KoX°v cNn® `mjyØn¬ ¬Inbn´p≈Xv. XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm t£{Xw Cu A¿∞sØ ]q¿Æam°p∂p.
Cu t£{XØnse tZhs Adn™v Bcm[n°p∂h¿°v k¿Δ sFizcyßfpw {IaØn¬ h∂ptNcp∂p. ap∂qdp
sIm√Øntesd ]g°ap≈Xpw `‡intcmaWnbpw Nn{XIemn]pWpamb tamc°me `´Xncn Bcm[n®pt]m∂Xpamb
XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚ ssNXyw mƒ°pmƒ Cu tZisaßpw hym]n®psImt≠bncn°p∂p. inhXØzhpw
hnjvWpXØzhpw HØptNcp∂ H∂mWv lcnlc]p{Xs∂ k¶ev]w. Cu tZiØv F√m IpSpw_ßfnepw sFizcyhpw
kº¬kar≤nbpw nd®psIm≠v B{inXh’emb `Khm≥ {io [¿ΩimkvXmhv hncmPn°p∂p.
F√mw `Khm≥ {io [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚bpw {io ]q¿Æ{Xbois‚bpw Xr∏mZ]flßfn¬ ka¿∏n®v sIm≠v
AyYm icWw mkvXn Xztah icWw aa !
XkvamXv ImcpWy `mth c£ c£ alm{]t`m!!
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9
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X{¥n iin--ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv
]pen-b-∂q¿ a
P.O. Fcq¿ - 682306, Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd
Phone: 2776481
Xr∏qWnØpd XmacwIpfßc {io [¿ΩimkvXm t£{XØnse
1191˛mw am≠v aI-c-hn-f°v atlm’htØmSv Ap_‘n®v
S--I-e-Isf {]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-sIm≠v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂
“aI-c-tPymXn”
F∂ kvac-WnIbv°v F√m BiwkIfpw tcp∂tXmsSm∏w
`Khms‚ D’hw `wKnbmbn S°p∂Xnpw {io [¿Ω-im-kvXm-hn-t‚-bpw,
{io ]q¿Æ-{X-bo-i-t‚bpw Ap-{Klw D≠m-Is´
F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.
F∂v
X{¥n iin--ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv
18-12-2015

Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn F∂ Xt±-i-hm-kn-I-fpsS Iq´mbva
cq]-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xv Aº-Xm-≠p-Iƒ°-∏p-d-Øm-Wv. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω-imkvXm
t£{X-Øns‚ kwc-£-W-Ønpw ho-I-c-W-Ønpw XZzmcm Hcp kwkvIm-c-Øns‚
Xs∂bpw hnIm-k-Øn-p-am-bn, kan-Xn, `‡-P--ß-fpsS kl-I-c-W-tØmsS bXvn-
®p-h-cp-∂p. L´w-L-´-ß-fmbn t£{X-Øn¬ SØn-h-cp∂ kwc£W˛-n¿Ωm-W-
˛--ho-I-cW {]h¿Ø--ßƒ kan-Xn°v ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m-m-Ip-∂Xv `‡-P--ß-fpsS
]q¿Æ-]n-¥p-W-bmepw k¿tΔm-]cn Xma-cw-Ip-fßc {io[¿Ω imkvXm-hns‚ Ap-
{K-l-Ømepw am{X-am-Wv. I¿°n-SI amkw apgp-h≥ S-Øn-h-cp∂ B≤ym-ﬂnI
{]`m-jW b⁄w-t]msebp≈ {]h¿Ø--ßƒ, Ime-{I-taW CXc t£{X-ßfpw
amXr-I-bm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂p-≈Xv kan-Xn°v Nmcn-Xm¿∞yw ¬Ip∂
hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. CØcw kmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø--ß-tfm-sSm∏w kanXn c‡-
Zm Iymºp-Iƒ, t{X-kw-c-£W Iymºp-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw S-Øn-h-cp-∂p-≠v. amh
tkh Xs∂-bm-Wt√m am[h tkh.
aIc kw{Ia k‘y-bn¬ s]m∂-º-e-ta-´n¬ Pzen-®p-b-cp∂ aI-c-tPymXn
e£-°-W-°nv Aø∏ `‡¿°v B-μ-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω
imkvXm t£{X-Ønse aI-c-hn-f°v atlm-’hw h¿jm-h¿jw Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-
am-Ip-∂p, kanXn ]¥o-cm≠n-te-sd-bmbn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-h-cp∂ aI-c-tPymXn F∂
kvac-Wn-I. tIc-fob t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fpsS kam--X-I-fn-√mØ BNm-cm-p-jvTm-
-ßƒ, D’-h-ßsf Zriy-˛-{i-hym-p-`q-Xn-bm¬ h¿Æm-`-am-°p∂ tafw, B,
IY-Ifn XpS-ßn-b-hsb ap≥h¿j-ß-fn¬ hnj-b-am-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-fn-bpsS
kXzsØbpw Krlm-Xp-c-Xz-sØbpw sXm´p-W¿Ønb aI-c-tPymXn Cu h¿jw
mSy-Øns‚ A-¥-km-[y-X-Isf hni-I-ew sNøp-∂p.
t£{X-I-tem-]m-k-I-cmb kpa-- p-I-fpsS {]Xo-£-s°m-Øp-b-cm≥ CØ-
h-Wbpw Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kan-Xn°v km[n-®n-´p-s≠∂p Icp-Xp-∂p.
kma-Km--tem-e-mb Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc {io[¿Ω imkvXm-hns‚ ]mZm-c-hn-μ-
ß-fn¬, khn--bw, aI-c-tPymXn ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.
AUz. B¿. APnXv Ipam¿ h¿Ω
{]kn-U≠v
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kaXn
BapJw
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XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhmkanXn
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-˛682301

bn-eq-sS...
kzmantb icWaø∏m...
ka¿∏Ww Hcphs‚ Al¥mPUneamb a ns‚ hnaeoIcWamWv.
t£{Xk∂n[nbnse Bflka¿∏Ww kIe]m]ßsfbpw sISpØn a n¬
≥abpsS tPymXn sXfnbn°p∂p. AXv PohnXØnepSofw B hy‡nsb
bn®psIm≈pw. Cu hnizmkw N{ah´Ø∏s‚ Bhmkÿmamb
XmacwIpfßcbnse `‡Pßƒ°p≠v. ]t©{μnbßfpw Ah¿
[¿ΩimkvXmhnpka¿∏n®v kmbqPyaSbp∂p. Cu D¬kh°mew sΩ
Hm¿Ωn∏n°p∂Xpw as‰m∂√. Iebpw IhnXbpw Xmftafßfpw sImcp°p∂
An¿Δ-N-o-b-amb Ap-`q-Xn-Iƒ [¿ΩimkvXmhns‚ ]mZmchnμßfn¬
]q°fpXn¿°ptºmƒ `‡cpsS a pw `Khms‚ ImcpWyhpw
Hscm‰_nμphntes°Øp∂p. mw Hcpt]mse DcphnSp∂p:˛
‘ChnSamWoizck∂n[mw
CSdp∂ a pIƒ°`bÿmw’
AtX Cu k∂n[nbmWv tam£am¿Kw...
XmacwIpfßc Aø∏tkhmkanXnbpsS B`napJyØn¬
{]kn≤oIcn®phcp∂ aIctPymXn, Hcp hymgh´°mew ]q¿Ønbm°ns°m≠v
AXns‚ {]bmWw ApkyqXw XpS-cp∂p. F°mesØbpw t]mse CXv ]gabpw
]pXpabpw nd™ Dƒ°mºpsIm≠p kºp„amWv. I≠pw tI´pw Adn™
t£{XIemcq]ßfpsSbpw XXpIeIfpsSbpw Xpd∂hmbbpsS CSamWv
2016 se aIctPymXn. ]pXnbImeØv Iebpw IemkzmZIcpw am‰Øns‚
XpSn∏pIƒ Dƒs°m≠v NphSpshbv°p∂ps≠¶nepw BNmcmpjvTmßƒ
amdmsX nen¿Øp∂paq≠v. AØcØnep≈ Iemcq]ßfpsS AI°mºpw
]p¿hnykßfpw Cu h¿jsØ aIctPymXn ImgvNshbv°p∂p. sXøßfpw
]qc°fnbpw b£Kmhpw nch[n emkySßfpw AΩssZhßfpw IqØpw
IqSnbm´hpw Xp≈epw IYIfnbpw XncphmXncbpw H∂nsm∂p anIthmsS CXn¬
CSw ]nSn°p∂p. mSyimkv{Xhpw thZkq{Xßfpw ùXnIimkv{Xhpw tNcp∂
Xeßfpw CXn¬ ]cma¿in°s∏Sp∂p. H∏w h¿Æmàmb Nn{Xßfn¬
tZißfpsS kwkvImcØna angnth¥nn¬°p∂p. F¥n[nIw, CXv Ht∂msS
Aø∏]mZßfn¬ akvImcap{Z tXSp∂p.
Cu Xncphp¬khØns‚ SØn∏npth≠ klmbklIcWßƒ
¬Inhcp∂ √hcmb `‡Pßƒ°pw Cu kwcw`Ønte°v ]ckyØneqsS
klIcn® alXv hy‡nIƒ°pw k¿tΔm]cn XmacwIpfßcnhmknIƒ°pw
`KhXv ISm£w ta¬°pta¬ D≠mIs´ F∂p {]m¿Yn®psIm≠v,
ic-W-tLm-j-tØm-sS,
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc Aø∏ tkhm kanXn {]h¿Ø-I¿°p-th≠n
lcn Fkv.
sk{I-´-dn
XmacwIpfßc Aø∏ tkhmkanXn
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc, Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-˛682301
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Ap-jvTm--I-e-I-fpsS A¥- Ø
tUm. sI.- Pn. ]utemkv 15
rØ-r-Xy-m-Sy-ßƒ ˛ sshZoI Imew apX¬
tUm. kn. thWp-tKm-]m¬ 23
apSntb‰v
tUm. emen-tamƒ.Fkv 35
`c-X-ap-n-bpsS mSy-imkv{X Z¿i--Øns‚ Bp-Im-enI {]k‡n `uXnI imkv{X ZrjvSn-bn-eqsS
tUm. kn.-]n. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ 45
mSy-Øns‚ KpWw
Iem hnP-b≥ 53
ßym-c-Ω-°qØv ˛ `mhm-`n--b-Øns‚ al-Ømb km£m-XvImcw
sI.-]n. A®yp-X≥ 65
sXøw ˛ D¬]-Ønbpw ]cn-Wm-ahpw
]n. IrjvW≥ amÃ¿ 71
tZhs ]cn-W-bn® ¿Ø-In-Iƒ
tUm. taXn¬ tZhnI 87
]qc-°-fnbpw adp-Øp-I-fnbpw
tUm. C. {io[-c≥ 93
XncphmXnc
ameXn Pn. tatm≥ 101
kpIp-amc Ie-Iƒ ˛ Hch-tem-Iw
Bim apc-fo-[-c≥ 107
mSyw ˛ Ip®n--∏p-Sn-bn¬
kuay _me-tKm-]m¬ 111
tamln-n-bm-´w ˛ Hcp Znhym-p-`qXn
kpNn{X hntiz-iz-c≥ 117
Aø∏kp{]-`mXw
inh≥, CuUq∏v ]mekv 122
A`n-bw ˛ IY-I-fn-bn-eqsS
lcn-{]nb ºq-Xncn 123
"NXp¿hn[ A`nbw' ˛ Xp≈-en¬
Iem-a-WvUew {]`m-I-c≥ 125
b£-Kmw Cu aÆns‚ Ie
tUm. cXvm-Ic a√-aqe 129
hnZq-j-Is‚ {]m[myw ˛ IqSn-bm-´-Ønepw NmIym¿Iq-Ønepw
AΩ-∂q¿ cP-ojv NmIym¿ 133
D≈-S°w
13
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tUm. sI.- Pn. ]utemkv
tIm´°-¬
BcysshZy-im-e-bpsS
{]kn-≤o-I-cW Ub-d-IvS¿.
ImeSn kwkvIrX
k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpsS
ap≥ cPn-kv{Sm¿, Iem-a-WvUew
I¬∏nX k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-bpsS
BZy sshkv Nm≥k-e¿,
IqSmsX C‚¿m-j-W¬ IqSn-
bm´w sk‚-dns‚ Ub-d-IvS¿.
t^m¨: 98460 41205
Ap-jvTm--I-e-I-fpsS A¥- Ø
"Ie' F∂ Gh¿°pw kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb kwkvIr-X-]-Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w
Awiw, `mKw Fs∂m-s°-bm-Wv. N{μs‚ Ie F∂n-SØv IrXy-ambn Cu
A¿∞w {Kln-°mw. N{μ-I-ebv°v Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bp-≠v. C∂Xv Hcp Ie-
bm-sW-¶n¬ msf c≠w-iw, a‰-∂mƒ aq∂wiw F∂o ne-bn¬ hf¿∂v
]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn-se-Øp-∂p. Awi-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈
{]bmWw F∂ Bi-bw-IqSn Ie F∂ ]Zw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. h¿Øp-f-
amWv `mc-Xo-b-k-¶¬]-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-X. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ImesØ mw
N{I-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. Ime-N{Iw Xncn-bp∂p. t¿tcJbne√ Imew
IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. t¢m°n¬ ImesØ Af-°m≥ ann-‰npw aWn-°q-dn-p-
sams° kqNn-I-fp-≠v. Ah Ime-a-√, Ime-kq-N-I-ß-fmWv, alm-Im-e-Øns‚
sNdnb sNdnb Awi-ßƒ. ]q¿Æ-Xsb N{Icq-]-Øn-emWv k¶-ev]n-®-Xv.
]q¿Æ-aZx ]q¿Æ-an-Zw, ]q¿ÆmXv ]p¿Æ-ap-Z-NytX
]q¿Æky ]q¿Æ-am-Zmb ]q¿Æ-ta-hm-h-in-jy-tX.
]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-bv°p≈ {]bm-W-amWv Ie; mw A]q¿Æ-cm-sW∂v ap-
°-dn-bmw. Asß-hn-sStbm ]q¿Æ-X-bp-s≠∂v mw k¶-ev]n-°p-∂p. AXn-
te-bvs°-Øm-p≈ am-h-tN-X--bpsS shº-ep-I-fmWv hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-
ßƒ {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
Ap-jvTm--sa-∂-Xnv BNm-c-sa-∂m-W¿∞w. ]c-º-c-bmbn BN-cn-®p-
h-cp∂hbm-W-h. Ah-bpsS A¿∞-sa-¥m-sW∂v Adn-b-W-sa-∂n-√. "F¥p-
sIm≠v', "F¥nv' Fs∂ms° tNmZn-®m¬ "Aß-s-bmWv ]Xnhv' F∂p
am{Xta apXn¿∂-h¿ ]dbq. tZhm-e-b-ß-fn¬ Imem-Im-e-ß-fmbn BN-cn-
15
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

®p-t]m-cp∂ Iem-cq-t]-W-bp≈ Ap-jvTm--ß-sf-bmWv
Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ F∂v mw hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. cq]-
Ønepw `mh-Ønepw e£y-Ønepw kpIp-am-c-I-e-I-fn¬
n∂p Chbv°v hyXym-k-ap-≠v. am-h-tN-X--bpsS
{]m‡-kvar-Xn-I-fn¬ nd-™p-n¬°p-∂Xv AΩ-bm-
Wv. Ip™v n -lm-b-m-Wv. AΩ-bmWv Ahv/
Ahƒ°v F√mw.
hni-°p-tºmƒ hnfn-
°p-∂Xv AΩ-sb-bm-
Wv, t]Sn-°p-tºmƒ
Npcp-≠p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv
AΩ-bpsS aSn-bn-
emWv; tcmKw-h-∂m¬
ip{iq-jn-°p-∂-X-Ω-
bm-Wv. I¨Xp-d∂v
BZy-c-ivan-I-tfm-
sSm∏w Ip™p-Im-Wp-
∂Xpw D≈n-te-bv°m-
hm-ln-°p-∂Xpw AΩ-
bpsS cq]-am-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v F{X hen-b-h-
t‚bpw kvac-W-I-fn¬
a[p-cw-]p-c-´p-∂Xv AΩ-
bm-Wv. i¶-cm-Nm-cy-
cpsS G‰hpw hnin-„-
IrXn, hne-s∏´ `mjy-
ßƒ°v apI-fn¬
shbv°m-hp-∂-Xv,
"BkvXmw Xmh-Znbw
{]kp-Xn-k-atb' F∂
amXr-kvXp-Xn-bm-Wv.
hy‡n°v AΩ
F∂ k¶-ev]sØ
{ K m a - Ø n - s e - √ m -
h¿°pw HcΩ F∂v
hnI-kn-∏n-°p-tºm-
gmWv AΩ-ssZ-h-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Hmtcm {Kma-
sØbpw c£n-°m≥ Hmtcm AΩ-am¿ ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. Imhn-e-Ω-sb-t∂m, `K-h-Xn-sb-t∂m, Imfn-sbt∂m
Hs° ma-hsc hnfn-®n-cp-∂p. agIn-´msX Irjn--in-
°p-tºmƒ-˛˛ _m[-I-fp-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ ]cn-lm-c-Ønv
{Kmao-W¿ AΩsb A`bw {]m]n-®n-cp-∂p. aIƒ BZy-
ambn K¿`w [cn-°p-tºmgpw, Ip™nv ]n hcp-tºm-
gpsams° B{ibw AΩ-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AΩ Ahsc
Ap{K-ln-®n-cp∂p; {]iv-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-®n-cp-∂p.
kvtl-kz-cq-]nWn Bbn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Nne-t∏mƒ AΩ
D{K-tIm-]nWn BIm-dp-≠v. a‰p-≈-h¿ {Kma-Øns‚ kz—-
Xsb in-∏n-°p-sºm-tgm, a°ƒ Xs∂ hgn-sX-‰p-
sºmtgm Bbn-cp∂p Cu `mh-am-‰w. At∏m-sgms°
a°ƒ Ip‰-t_m-[-tØmsS AΩ-bpsS ASp-sØØn
sX‰v G‰p-]-d™v
]›m-Ø-]n-®n-cp-∂p.
AZr-iy-bmb
AΩ Xs‚ C—-Iƒ
a°sf Adn-bn-®n-cp-
∂Xv shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eq-
sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXnv
nbp-‡-mbhmWv
shfn-®-∏m-Sv. {Kma-
Øns‚ IÏ≠
ssZhw shfn-®-∏m-Sm-
bn-cp∂p; At±-l-
Øns‚ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-
ep-Iƒ BZysØ
Iem-{]-I-S--ß-fpw.
CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmWv
]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈
AtIw tXm‰-ßƒ.
tIc-f-Øns‚
G‰hpw {]mNo--amb
Ap-jvTm--I-em-cq]w
a p S n - t b - ‰ m - W v .
bpskvtIm Ct∏m-g-
Xns A-iz-c-ss]-Xr-
I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-®n-
´p≠v; bpskvtIm
AwKo-I-cn® a‰p-c≠v
cq]-ßƒ IqSn-bm-
´hpw thtZm-®m-c-W-
hp-amWv; Ap-jvTm--{]-[m--ß-fmWv Ch aq∂pw. apSn-
tb-‰n¬ (A-Ω, Im-fn) cu{Z-cq-]n-Wn-bmWv; Imfn-bpsS
as‰mcp cq]-amWv Iqfn. Nncnbpw Ifnbpw Xmtem-en-°-
ep-sams° Iqfn°v hnń-cn-°p-∂p. mSn-∂m-]-Øp-h-cp-
Øp∂ Zmcn-Is n{K-ln®v mń¬ im¥n ne-n¿Øp-
I-bmWv Imfn-bpsS e£yw. ]S-b-Wn-bnepw a‰-tIw
cq]-ß-fnepw {]I-S-am-Ip-∂Xv amXr-Xz-Øns‚ ap≥I-cp-
Xep-I-fm-Wv.
17
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

{Kma-ßƒ hn´v cmPyw apgp-h≥ AΩ-bpsS IsÆ-
Øp-∂p-≠v IÆ-In-I-Y-bn¬. hn‘yv sX°p-ap-gp-h≥
]gb Xan-g-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. tImhn-e≥IY Chn-S-amsI
hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Imth-cn-∏q-º-´Ww (B-{‘), a[pc
(X-an-gvm-Sv), sImSp-ß-√q¿ (tI-cfw) F∂o aq∂p K-c-
ß-fn-emWv IY S-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns h[n®
A[n-Im-c-sØ-bmWv IÆIn IØn®p `kva-am-°p∂-Xv.
ape-]-dn-s®-dn-bp∂ tcmjm·n, amXr-Xz-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. ape-
bqń hf¿Øn hep-Xm-°n-b-h-mWv A[¿Ωw sNbvXXv.
sImSp-ß-√q-c-Ω-bpsS tIm]w kv{XoXz-Øn-t‚Xv am{X-a-
√, amXr-Xz-Øn-t‚-Xp-am-Wv.
sXø-ßfpw C°q-´-Øn¬Xs∂ s]Sp-∂p. ssZh-
amWv sXø-am-b-Xv. ]tc-Xm-fl-°-fmWv sXø-ß-fmbn amdp-
∂-Xv, ]e-t∏m-gpw. Nne-t∏mƒ CXn¬ ]nXr-kva-c-W-I-fp-
≠m-Imw. F¶nepw A[nIw IÆ-In-tb-t∏mse ]oU--
ta¬t°-≠n-h-∂-h-cm-Wv, njvI-f-¶-Iƒ, nc-]-cm-[n-Iƒ.
P∑n-bpsS Imen-Isf tabv®n-cp∂ _me-mWv hnjvWp-
aq¿Øn-sØ-ø-ambn amdn-b-Xv. s]cn-©-√q¿ {Kma-Ønse
njvI-f-¶-bm-sbmcp {_m“-W-I-y-I-bmWv ap®n-tem´v
`K-hXn Bb-Xv. I´m-t¶m´v am°w ]Øm-ß-f-am-cpsS Hma-
-s]-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. tXm‰-ß-fnse IY-I-sf-¥m-bmepw
sXø-ß-fn-∂v, AΩ ssZh-ß-sf-t∏mse m´mcpsS thZ-
-Iƒ ian-∏n®v Ahnepw aecpw
¬In Ahsc Ap-{K-ln-°p-∂p.
AΩ-bv°p-ap≠v n -lm-b-
X. ]pcp-js‚ A[o-iXzw a°-
fn¬ n∂-hsc AI-‰n. hmbp-s≠-
¶n¬ Ah¿ hf¿∂p-sIm-≈p-sa-
∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pcp-j-o-Xn. hm’-
ey-Øns‚ ape-Np-c-ØmsX ]{¥-
≠p-a-°-sfbpw hgn-bn¬ If-tb-
≠n-h∂ AΩ-bpsS n -lm-b-X-
bmWv ]d-bn-s]‰ ]¥n-cp-Ip-e-
Øns‚ IY tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
ape-∏m¬ Inń-bn-s√-¶nepw a°ƒ
hf¿∂p. ]e tPmen-Iƒ sNbvXp.
Ah-cn¬ A·n-tlm-{Xn-bp-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p, Ae-°p-Im-c-p-≠m-bn-cp∂p
(c-P-I≥), Bim-cn-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂p
(s]-cp-¥-®≥), ]m´p-Im-c-p-≠m-bn-
cp∂p (]m-W-m¿), alm-_p-≤n-am-
mb {`m¥-p-≠m-bn-cp∂p (m-dm-
WØv {`m¥≥), Hcp-a-I-fp-ap-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p (Im-c-bv°-e-Ω). ta¬Io-
gv`m-K-ßƒ ad∂v sIm√-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ Ch-sc√mw H∂n-
®p-IqSn Hc-Ω-bpsS a°-fm-sW∂v Hm¿Øv Blvfm-Zn-°p-
∂p. B[p-n-I-tI-c-f-Øns‚ sshhn-[y-ß-tfbpw
sshcp-≤y-ß-tfbpw tIm¿Øn-W-°p∂ kz¿Æq-emWv
Cu Nnc-¥--kvar-Xn. Imhp-I-fn¬n∂v mń-tebv°pw
K-c-ß-fn-tebv°pw ]S¿∂p-I-b-dnb amXr-kvar-Xn-I-fm-
Wv, Hc¿∞-Øn¬, ΩpsS Ap-jvTm--I-e-I-fpsS
A¥- -Ø. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ Ah-bpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-
ßƒ Cu BNm-c-ß-fn¬ Hfn-™p-In-S-°p-∂p.
Zriy-cq-]-ßsf am{X-a-√, tZhm-b--ßƒ hf¿Øn-
b-Xv. InS-b‰ mZ-{]-]-©-sam-cp-°p∂ hmZy-ta-f-ßƒ,
Xmf-e-b-ÿn-Xn-I-fn¬ F√m-cq-]-ßƒ°pw A¥x-ÿm-bn-
bmbn h¿Øn-°p∂ kwKoXw ˛ Ch-sb√mw Ap-jvTm-
-cq-]-ßƒX-s∂-bm-Wv.
]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-bv°p≈ {]bm-W-sa∂v Iesb
BZyta n¿h-Nn-®-t√m. c≠p-X-c-Øn-emWv Ap-jvTm-
-I-e-Iƒ Cu IrXyw n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xv. H∂v, `‡n,
as‰m∂p ka¿∏-Ww. Ch ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-
∂p. mń¬ {]`q-hmbn, ka-kvXhpw Xs‚
Im¬°ognse∂v [cn®v Xe-sh-ń®v S-°p-∂-h≥ Bcm-
[--bvs°-Øp-tºm-gmWv alm-Im-e-{]-]-©-Øn¬
19
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Xmsmcp AWp-t]m-ep-a-s√∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xv. Alw-
Ir-Xn-bpsS ncm-k-amWv `‡n. AXmWv ka¿∏-W-Øn-
tebv°v bn-°p-∂Xv. IY-Ifn hnZym¿∞nsb If-cn-bn¬
BZyw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv "XmWp-n¬°m'-m-Wv. `‡n,
{]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬, hntam-N-I-am-Wv. Gg-I-fmb _lp-
iXw hcp∂ kaq-l-Ønse A[x-Ir-X¿°v Xßfpw ap-
jy-cm-sW∂ t_m[-ap-≠m-°n-bXv `‡n-{]-ÿm--am-Wv.
Fgp-Ø-—pw I_odpw kq¿Zm-kp-sams° Iogm-f-h¿§-
Øn¬s]´-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Cuiz-c≥ Xß-fp-tS-Xp-Iq-Sn-bm-
sW∂v ÿm]n-°p-I-bmWv kz¥w IrXn-I-fn-eqsS Ah¿
sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv tIc-f-Øn¬ t£{X-{]-th-
iw thm-∞m--Øns‚ `mK-am-b-Xv. a‰p-I-em-cq-]-ß-
fn¬n∂v Ap-jvTm--I-e-Isf hyXn-cn-‡-am-Ip∂ [¿Ω-
an-XmWv ˛ ImgvN-I-fmWv CX-c-I-e-Iƒ; ImWn-°-bmWv
Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ. tZh-p≈ nth-Zy-am-W-Xv. AhnsS
t{]£-I-cn-√, {]Xn-jvT-am{Xw; AIØpw ]pd-Øpw.
Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ B[p-n-I-Im-eØv ImgvN-I-
fmbn amdp-∂p-≠v. AXp--√-XmWv. tkm]m--Øn¬ sIm´n-
∏m-Sp-∂Xv tXh¿ tIƒ°m-mWv; F∂m¬ a‰p-Nn-e¿
AXp tIƒ°p-Ibpw A`n--μn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ
Iem-Im-c≥ IqSp-X¬ IrX-Ir-Xy-m-Ipw. ]pXnb
tIƒhn-°m¿°p-th≠n ]pd-Øp-sh®v ]mSm≥ XpS-ßpw.
tkm]m--kw-Ko-X-Ønv sIm´n-∏m-S-en--∏p-d-samcp CSw
kaq-l-Øn¬ e`n-°pw. hmZy-ta-f-ß-fn-se√mw CØcw
KpW-]-c-am-sbmcp Xdam‰w h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p; AXv
Bim-ky-hp-am-Wv, aqew ad-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂ Ime-tØm-fw.
ßym¿Iq-ØmWv as‰m-cp-Zm-l-c-Ww. ASp-Ø-Im-
e-Øp-hsc tIh-e-a-Sn-b-¥n-c-am-bn-´mWv ßym¿Iq-Ø-
h-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ s]mXp-th-Zn-bn¬ BI¿j-
I-amb coXn-bn¬ AX-h-X-cn-∏n-®p-h-cp-∂p. apSn-tb‰v as‰m-
cp-Zm-l-c-Ww. bps-kvtIm-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-Ønv
tijw ]e-t∏mgpw s]mXp-th-Zn-I-fn¬ apSn-tb‰v Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ°v kaq-
l-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ AwKo-Im-chpw kzoIm-cy-Xbpw
Ct∏mƒ e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
H¿t°≠ Hcp-Im-cyw, CØcw Ic-em-f--ß-
tf¬°m≥ `mKyw e`n-°mØ Ht´sd Ap-jvTm--cq-]-
ßƒ D≠v. k¿∏-∏m-´v, aÆm≥∏m-´v, ßym¿I-fn XpSßn
AtIw Ap-jvTm--cq-]-ßƒ C∂v mi-Øns‚ h°n-
se-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Iem-Im-c-∑m-cpsS A¿∏-W-t_m[w
H∂p-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv, Ah ]q¿Æ-ambpw in-°m-Xn-
cn-°p-∂Xv. Ap-jvTm--I-e-Isf Hm¿°p-tºmƒ, q‰m-
≠p-I-fmbn I„-s∏´v Ah ne-n¿Ønb Ap-jvTm
21
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Iem-Im-c-∑m-sc-bmWv BZyw hW-tß-≠-Xv. amdnb kml-
N-cy-Øn¬ Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°pw Ah¿°p e`n-°p∂
in£-W-Ønpw am‰w h∂n-´p-≠v. Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ°v
ImgvN-°-e-Iƒ IqSn-bmbn amdm≥ Ign-™mte B[p-
n-I-Im-eØv ne-n¬°m≥ Ign-bq. CØ-c-samcp am‰w
an°-cq-]-ß-fnepw kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu cq]-
]-cn-Wm-a-Øn-n-S-bn¬ Ah-bpsS Xna ne-n¿Øm≥
{ian-t°-≠Xv AXXv cq]-ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂
Iem-Im-c-∑m-cm-Wv. Ime-Øn-smØv tImew-sI-´p-tºmƒ
tImew sISmsX tmt°-≠Xv Iem-Im-c-∑m-cm-Wv. {i≤m-
]q¿hw AXv sNbvXm¬ Ap-jvTm--cq-]-ßƒ BI¿j-
I-ambn ne-n¬°pw.
Ap-jvTm--I-e-Ifpw kpIp-am-c-I-e-Ifpw XΩn-
ep≈ t`Z-an-XmWv : BZy-tØXv aq¿Øn-°p≈ `‡s‚
D]m-k--bm-Wv, c≠m-a-tØXv kZ- nv th≠n Iem-Im-
cs‚ Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Wv. Ap-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ Ime-K-Xn-
s°mØv kpIp-am-c-I-e-I-fmbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
Ah Nne-t∏mƒ Ap-jvTm--kz-`mhw ne-n¿Øn-sb-
∂p-h-cmw, tkm]m--kw-Ko-Xw-t]mse; Nneh kuμ-
cymwiw am{Xw ne-n¿Ømw. ßym¿Iq-ØmWv Ah-
km--tØ-Xnv ]‰nb DZm-l-c-Ww.

tUm. kn. thWp-tKm-]m¬
`c-X-m-Sy-Øn¬ RLV tImtf-Pn¬
n∂pw Untπm-a, t]mÃv
Untπm-a, _ncp-Zm--¥c _ncp-Zw.
Iem-a-WvUew Ieym-Wn-°p-ń-b-Ω-,
Iem-a-WvUew kXy-`ma So®¿
F∂n-h-cpsS Iogn¬ tamln-n-
bm´w A`y-kn-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏mƒ
kwkvIrX k¿hΔI-em-im-e-bn¬
rØ hn`m-K-Øns‚ Xe-h-mbn
tPmen sNøp-∂p. IqSmsX
NnZw-_cw kvIqƒ Hm^v
¢mkn°¬ Um≥kv F∂
ÿm]w S-Øp-∂p.
mSy-im-kv{X-Ønse Ic-W-ßsf
Bkv]-Z-am-°n-s°m≠v
`cXmSy ap{Z-Isf°pdn-®p≈
Kth-j-W-Ønv tUmIvS-td-‰v.
t^m¨: 98 955 97419
rØ-r-Xy-m-Sy-ßƒ ˛ sshZnI Imew apX¬
ap-jy≥ Ahs‚ D¬]-Øn-Imew apX¬ C∂p-hsc {]Ir-Xn-bn¬
am‰w hcp-Øn-sIm≠v hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p≈ kº-Øp-I-fn¬ H∂mWv Ie.
Imbn-I-amb kpJ-Ønpw kwXr-]vXn°pw th≠n {ian® ap-jy≥ AtXm-
sSm-∂n®p Xs∂, Bflm-hn-jvI-c-W-Ønpw am-kn-I-amb B-μm-p-`q-
Xn°pw IqSn B{K-ln-®p. Cu B{K-l-amWv rØapƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Ie-I-
fpsS D¬∏-Øn°p Imc-Ww. B-μm-`qXn Df-hm°n AXn-eqsS Btflm-
I¿jw ssIh-cp-Øp∂ {Inbm-hn-tijw IqSn-bmWv Ie. `mc-Xo-bm-Nm-cy-
∑m¿ hnhn[ Ie-Isf Adp-]-Øn-m-embn Xcw Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
{]mtbm-KnI Ie-sb∂pw efn-X-I-se-b-∂p-ap≈ c≠p hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ Ch
Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.
23
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

ap-jyv Poh-k-‘m-I-c-W-Ønv DX-Ip-∂Xv
{]mtbm-KnI Iebpw am-tkm-√m-k-Øn-p-≈Xv efn-X-
I-ebpw BIp-∂p. hmkvXp-in-ev]w, hkv{X n¿Ωm-Ww,
]mNIw XpS-ßn-bh {]mtbm-KnI Iem hn`m-K-Ønepw
mSyw, kwKo-Xw, Nn{X-sa-gp-Øv, inev] n¿ΩmWw XpS-
ßn-bh efnX Iem-hn-`m-K-Ønepw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Cu efn-
X-I-e-Isf Zriy-sa∂pw {imhy-sa∂pw c≠n--ambn Xcw-
Xn-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
t{X-Zzmcm a- nv Bμw ]I-cp-∂-XmWv Zriy-
sa-∂pw, t{imX-am-¿tKW a- ns BÀm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xp
{ihy-sa∂pw ]d-bmw. S--Ie Zriy hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-
Sp-∂p. `mc-X-Øn¬ Cu Ie mm-ap-J-amb hnImkw
tSn-bn-´p-≠v. Ct∏mgpw kº-∂-amb `mc-Xob rØ-
rXy S--I-ebv°v hfsc ]pcm-X--amb Hcp ]mc-ºcyw
Xs∂ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
thZ-ßfpw rØ-cq-]-ßfpw
`mc-Xob S--Ie F∂v, Fßn-s, Fhn-sS, D¤-
hn-®p-sh∂v Adn-bp-hm≥ sXfn-hp-Iƒ H∂pw Ah-ti-
jn-®n-ń-s√-¶nepw AXns‚ Ncn-{X-Ønse {]m[ L´-
ßsf th¿Xn-cn-°p-hm-pw, AXn-cp-Isf n¿Æ-bn-°p-
hmpw ap°v km[n-°p-∂Xv thZ-ß-fn¬ n∂m-Wv.
]pcm-W-ßfpw CXn-lm-k-ßfpw CXn-sm∏w klm-b-
I-am-bn-´p-≠v. A¿∞-c-ln-X-amb tIhe rØ-am-bn-cp-
∂p, as‰-hn-sS-bp-sa-∂-t]mse `mc-Ønse S--I-e-bpsS
BZn-a-cq-]w. icoc Ne--Øns‚ `mj-am-{X-amb tIh-e-
r-Ø-cq-]-Øn¬ n∂v apjy atm-K-X-Øns‚ aqI-
`m-j-bmb rØw Pn-®p. AXp-sIm≠pw aXn-h-cmØ
ap-jys‚ nc-¥-cm-tz-j-W-Øns‚ ê-ambn
hyXykvX {]Ir-Xn-I-tfmSp IqSnb rØ-r-Xy, mSy-
ßƒ D≠m-bn. thZ-ß-fn-eqsS S--I-e-bv°v Poh≥
¬In.
hne-a-Xn-°m-m-hm-Ø-h-bmWv thZ-ßƒ,
rØsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw rØ-Øn-pw, thZ-
Ønpw hfsc KmVhpw ]hn-{X-hp-amb _‘-am-Wp-
≈-Xv. BZna nhm-kn-Iƒ, Ah¿ GXp-{]-tZ-i-Øp-≈-
h-cp-ambns°m≈s´ Blm-cmZn Bh-iy-ßƒ Ign-
™m¬ ]ns∂ {][m--ambn Icp-Xn-h-∂Xp hntm-Z-am-
bn-cp-∂p. AZ-ay-amb HmP- ns‚ ss ¿Ko-I-tNm-Z--
bm¬ a‰p {]h¿Ø--ßƒ H∂pw C√mØ ka-b-ß-
fn¬, Ah¿ GsX-¶nepw hnIm-c-Ønv hiw-h-Z-cm-Ip-
tºm-sg√mw rØw sh®n-cp-∂p. kt¥m-j-hpw, k¥m-
]-hpw, hntZz-j-hp-sa√mw AXnv t{]c-I-am-bn. Ifn-Ø-
ń-epw, hnhml aWvU-]-Ønepw F∂p-th≠ ivaim
`qan-bn¬t∏mepw rØw shbv°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. sh≈-
Ønse Hmf-ß-fpw, Im‰n¬ Nen-°p∂ hr£-e-Xm-Zn-I-
fpw, ]¿Δ-X-ß-fn¬ n∂v Dd-sh-SpØv ]dm-I-fn¬ Xń
Xmtgm-s´m-gp-Ip∂ Acp-hn-Ifpw ]£n-I-fpsS If-Iq-P-
-ß-fpw, apf-¶m-Sp-I-fn¬ apfw-X-≠p-I-fn-ep≈ kpjn-c-
ß-fn¬ Im‰p-I-S-∂p-≠m-Ip∂ a[p-c-m-Z-hpw, kqcy-N-{μ-
∑m-cpsS KXnbpw Ah-cpsS rØ-ßƒ°v {]tNm-Z--am-
bn. Ah-sb√mw hyXykvX am{X-n-b-a-ß-sf-bpw, Xmf-
hn-[m--ß-sfbpw eb-t`-Z-ß-tfbpw Ap-k-cn-°p-∂p-
s≠-∂v, AXm-bXv D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Ah¿ a-
n-em-°n. GX-p-`hw lrZ-bsØ hnIm-c-X-c-f-am-°p-
tºmgpw {]mNo ap-jy¿ {]Ir-Xn-bnse {]Xn-`m-k-
ßsf Ap-I-cn®v i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®v rØw
sNbvXp. Cß-s-bp≈ hnImcmhnjv°-c-W-Øns‚
ss ¿Kn-Ihpw {]mY-an-I-hp-amb cq]-sa∂ ne-bn¬
Ie-I-fpsS amXm-hmbn KWn-®p-h-cp∂ rØsØ thZ-
ß-fpsS klm-b-Øm¬ am{XamWv imkv{Xo-I-cn-®-Xv.
rØw Ne-m-fl-I-am-Wv. {]]-©m-kvXn-Xz-Ønv
nZm--amb Ne--X-Xz-amWv AXns‚ A¥-k-Ø.
AXns‚ `mjbpw Ne--am-Wv. ap-jys‚ `mthm-±o-]-
25
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

I-amb AwK-N-e--ßƒ t{]£-I-cpsS a- n¬ Bμw
Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw `mh-ßƒ D±o-]n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-
Xn-p-Im-cWw mep-th-Z-ß-fn¬ n∂p≈ rØ-Øns‚
Cu Ne kzcq-]-am-Wv.
EKvthZhpw rØhpw
EKvthZ-Ønv aX-Øn-epw, thZ-Øn-epw, Imhy-
Ønepw ]c-º-cm-KX hnizm-k-ß-fnepw hf-sc-tbsd
{]m[m-y-ap-≠v. {]Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ nXy-n-Zm-
-ßƒ°v Poh≥ ¬In tZh-∑m¿°v cq]w ¬In-bn-
cn-°p-∂p. Ahsc hoc-X-bp-sSbpw Aam-p-jn-I-X-bp-
sSbpw {]Xo-I-ß-fm°n ssZhn-I-cq-]hpw `mK-hhpw
¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. [mcmfw tZh-∑m¿ Cu hn`m-K-
Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿°v tZh-tem-IØv Kmb-I-cmbpw
krjvSm-hmbpw Hs° ÿmw ¬In-bn-´p-≠v.
tZh-∑m-cn¬ G‰hpw t{ijvT≥ C{μ-m-Wv. Aºpw
hn√pw G¥n n¬°p-∂-Xpw, kz¿Æ-c-Y-Øn¬ k©-cn-
°p-∂Xpw F√mw ¿Ø-I-cpsSbpw A[n-]-mb bp≤-
Øn-s‚bpw CSn-an-∂-en-s‚bpw tZh-mb C{μs‚ atm-
lc cq]-ß-fm-Wv. rØ-cq-]-Øns‚ kam--]-Z-ambn
C{μs IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
rØ-Øn¬ C{μ-tmSv kam--X-bp-≈Xv amcp-
Xpw Aizn tZh-∑m¿°p-am-Wv. rØhpw kwKo-Xhpw
Aizn tZh-∑m-cpsS kº-Ømbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
amcp-Xpw Aizn tZh-∑mcpw rXp F∂pw Adn-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p.
EKvthZ-Øn¬ C{μ-tmSpw Aiznn tZh-∑m-
tcmSpw amcp-X-tmSpw ASpØv ÿm-ap-≈-h-cmWv
A]vk-c- p-Iƒ. AXoh kpμ-cn-I-fmb Ch¿ tZh-tem-
IsØ ¿Ø-I-cm-Wv. A]vk-c- p-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬
{]m[myw AY¿Δ thZ-ØnemWv ¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv.
AY¿Δ thZ-Øn¬ tZh-temI ¿Øn-I-am-cmb Ah¿
BtLm-j-ß-fp-sSbpw kt¥m-j-Øn-s‚bpw {]Xo-I-ß-
fm-Wv. kz¿§-Ønepw `qan-bnepw sskzc-hn-lmcw S-
Øp∂ Ch¿ al¿jnam-cpsS X]- n-f-°p-Ibpw Ahsc
]co-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøm-dp-≠v. A]vk-c- p-I-fn¬
G‰hpw t]cp-tI-´-hƒ D¿Δ-in-bm-Wv.
Ime-{I-taW rØw sNbvXn-cp∂ ssZhnI IYm-
]m-{X-ß-fpsS ÿmw {]IrXn G‰p-hm-ßn-b-Xns‚
G‰hpw s√mcp DZm-l-c-W-amWv Dj- v. Dj- n-v, cm{Xn-
bpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmbpw F√m-h-scbpw ]pXp-a-bn-te°v
DW¿Øp∂ kpμ-cn-bmb bph-Xn-bmbn temIsØ
]p¿kr-jvSn-°p-∂-h-fmbpw B`-c-W-ß-f-Wn™ kzbw
Ae-¶r-X-bmb hniz-kp-μ-cn-bmbpw ¿Ø-In-bmbpw
A‘-Im-c-Øn-te°v {]Imiw sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-h-fmbpw
cq]w ¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu h¿Æ--I-fn-eqsS ap-
jy¿ hfsc atm-l-c-amb Imhy-ßƒ°v cq]w ¬In-
sb∂v IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. EKvthZ-Øn¬ DS-ofw
BwKnI Ne--ß-sf-∏‰n h¿Æn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw A`n-
-b-Ønv EKvthZ-Øn¬ anI® ÿmw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-
√. ]s£ BwKn-Im-`n--b-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn sXfn-bn-
®Xv EKvthZ-Ønse ]mTy-am-sW∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.
a‰p aq∂p thZ-ß-fnepw Ah-bpsS kwln-X-ß-
fnepw EKvthZ-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Xs∂ rØsØ∏‰n
kqNn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. ]c-º-cm-KX hnizm-k-ß-fnepw aX-]-c-amb
NS-ßp-I-fnepw a‰pw rØ-Øns‚ ÿmhpw {]m[m-
yhpw Fs¥∂pw EKvthZ-Øn¬ n∂mWv BwKn-Im-`n--
b-Øns‚ XpS-°-sa∂pw CXn¬n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.
kma-th-Zhpw rØhpw
kma-th-Z-Øn¬ EKvthZ-Øn¬ n∂pw henb am‰-
27
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

ß-fp-≠m-bn-ń-s√-¶nepw am¿Knbpw tZinbpwt]mep≈
Iem-cq-]-ßfn¬ n∂v rØ-Øn-te°v AtIw cq]-
I-ev]--Iƒ Nph-sS-Sp-Ø-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. imkv{Xo-
b-amb ]T--Øn-te-bv°p≈ Du∂p-sh-bv∏mbpw kma-
th-ZsØ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.
kma-th-Z-Øn¬ n∂v D¤-hn-®-XmWv `mc-Xob
kwKo-Xw. AtIw q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ thZ-a-{¥-ß-
fpsS D®m-cW coXn-bn¬ n∂pw {ItaW cq]w-sIm≠
k]vX-kz-c-ß-fmWv ΩpsS kwKo-X-Øn-m-kv]-Zw. thZ
hymk-a-l¿jn Km-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ a{¥-ßsf kam-l-
cn-®p-≠m-°n-b-XmWv kma-th-Zw. temI-Øn¬ BZy-am-
bp-≠mb Km kam-lm-c-amWv kma-th-Zw. kwKo-X-c-Xvm-
I-c-Øn¬ im¿MvKtZ-h≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv
kma-th-Zm-ZnZw KoXw
kwP-{Kml ]nXm-al:
AXm-bXv {_“mhv kma-th-Z-Øn¬ n∂q-‰n-sb-
Sp-Øp-≠m-°n-b-XmWv kwKoXw F∂pw XymK-cmP kzman-
Iƒ, thZ-]-WvUn-X-∑msc kma-n-KP kp[m-ab Km-
hn-N-£-W≥ F∂pw thZ-in-tcm-am-XrP k]vX-kz-c-m-
Zm-N-e-Zo]w F∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p.
bPp¿th-Zhpw rØhpw
bPp¿th-Z-Ønse XXz-ßƒ EKv thZ-Øn¬
n∂p-≈-Xns‚ XpS¿®-bm-sW-¶nepw bPp¿th-Z-Øn¬
tZh-∑m¿°v IqSp-X¬ t{ijvT-am-bn-´p≈ ÿm-am--
ßƒ e`n-®n-´p-≠v. bPp¿th-Z-Øn¬ ap-jy¿ Xs‚
Bflmhpw ico-chpw apgp-h-mbn Cuiz-c-n¬ ka¿∏n-
®-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. bPp¿th-Z-Øn¬ AwK-N--ßfpw
A`n--bhpw Ds≠-¶nepw A`n-bw {][m-tam A¿∞-
htØm A√. C{μpw Aizno tZh-∑m¿°pw A]vk-
c- p-Iƒ°p-sa√mw {]m[m-y-ap-s≠-¶nepw Ah-cpsS
rØ-Ønv {]m[myw ¬In-bn-ń-√. C{μv tZh-∑m-
cpsS cmPm-hm-sW∂ ÿmhpw AXn-i-‡-s∂ h¿Æ-
-bp-amWv ¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Aizn tZh-∑msc kt¥m-
j-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-ambn IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tZh-
temI ¿Ø-In-am-cm-sW-¶nepw A]vk-c- p-I-fpsS
kuμ-cy-Ønpw thK-Xbv°pw ¿Ø-In-am-cpsS tbmKy-
X-Iƒ bPp¿th-Z-Øn-eqsS h¿Æn-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬
Ah-cpsS rØ-sØ-∏‰n h¿Æn®n-ń-√.
hmP-k-tbn kwln-X-bn¬ hnhn[ `mc-Xob
sslμ-hm-p-jvTm--ß-fn¬ AwK-N-e--ß-fpsS {]m[m-
yhpw Aiz-ta-[-bm-K-ß-fpsS ka-bØv b⁄ I¿Ω-
Øn-ep≈ thj-hn-[m--ßfpw ssI ap{Z-Ifpw ]n¬°m-
eØv mSyw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h¿ rØ-Øn¬ A`n-
-b-Ønv Hcp apX¬°q-´mbn hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
AY¿Δ-th-Zhpw rØhpw
AY¿th-Z-Øn¬ EIv thZ-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yy-
Xbpw Am-bm-k-Xbpw ¬I-s∏-´-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.
A°m-eØv ap-jy-cpsS a- n¬ òXnbpw A‘-hn-
izm-k-ßfpw nd-™n-cp-∂p. A]vk-c- p-Iƒ K‘¿Δ
]Xvn-am-cm-sW∂pw Ah¿ K‘¿Δ-am-tcm-sSmØv
rØw sNøp-∂p-sh∂pw AY¿th-Z-Øn¬ {]kvXm-hn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]rYzn kq{X-Øn¬ am-h¿ `qan-bn¬ Btam-
Z-tØmsS rØw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xmbpw AY¿th-Z-Ønse
ap-jy¿ kt¥m-j-Ønepw ZpxJ-Ønepw ]mSn rØw
sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xn¬ n∂pw ck-ß-fp-≠mbn F∂pw hni-
Zo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
]©-a-thZw AYhm mSy-thZw
]c-º-cm-K-X-amb `mc-Xob hnizm-k-{]-Imcw mSyw
]©-a-th-Z-am-Wv. [¿Ω {][m-hpw kpJ-a-b-hp-am-bn-
cp∂ IrX-bpKw Ign™v Ima-tem-ep-]-hpw, ]c-X-{¥hpw
kpJ-ZpxJ kΩn-{i-hp-amb t{X{Xm-bpKw Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ
temIw kz[¿Ωw hn´v {Kmay-[¿Ω-ß-fn¬ {]th-in®p
XpS-ßn. C{μmZn ZnIv]m-e-I-∑m-cpsS kwc-£-W-bn¬ Dd-
®p-n∂ Pw_p-Zzo-]ns‚ Hcp`mK-amb `mc-X-J-WvU-Øn¬
tZh-∑m-cpw, Akp-c-∑m-cpw, K‘¿Δ-∑m-cpw, b£≥am-
cpw, cm£-k-∑m-cpw, alm-m-K-ßfpw a‰pw IS-∂m-{I-an-
°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Cu kμ¿`-Øn¬ mep-th-Z-ß-fp-
sSbpw {kjvSm-hmb {_“m-hn-m¬ C{μm-Zn-I-fpsS
A`y¿∞ {]Imcw thZw hn[n-®n-ń-√mØ ip{Z-Pm-Xn-
Iƒ°v {]tbm-P--s∏-Sp-amdv Ah¿°pw [¿Ω-t_m[w
D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-p-th-≠n, D]-tZ-in-®-XmWv ]©-a-th-Zw.
KoXw, rØw, kwKo-Xw, kmln-Xyw, A`n-bw
XpS-ßnb kIe imkv{X hnj-b-ßfpw tN¿∂Xpw
Nn{Xw, sImØp-]Wn apX-emb kpIp-amc Ie-Iƒ°v
t{]m’m-lw ¬Ip-∂Xpw CXn-hr-Ø-hn-ti-j-ßsf
Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂-Xp-ambn EIv, bPq-kv, kmaw, AY¿hw
F∂o mev thZ-ß-fnepw n∂v bYm-{Iaw hmIyw,
KoXw, A`n--bw, ckw XpS-ßn-bh FSpØv k©-bn®v
{_“mhv n¿Ωn-®-XmWv mSy-th-Zw. [¿Ωm¿∞ kpJ
km[--ambn Bfl-ssI-h-ey-tl-Xp--hmbn k¬Io¿Øn-
Zm-b-I-ambn temI kw`-h-ßƒ hgn D]-tZiw ¬Ip-
∂Xpw ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf kv]¿in-°p-∂-Xp-amb mSy-th-
ZsØ {_“mhv `c-X-ap-n°v D]-tZ-in-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp F∂-
29
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

XmWv hnizm-kw. t{XXmZn bpK-ß-fnse kz[¿Ω-hn-ap-
J-cpw, kpJZpxJn-X-cp-amb P-ßƒ°v [¿Ω-t_m-[hpw
kpJ-hpw, hf¿Øp-hm≥ th≠n-bmWv mSy-thZw D≠m-
°n-b-Xv. ]mTyw, KoXw, A`n--bw, ckw, CXym-Zn-Iƒ
Xs∂bmWv mSymw-K-ßƒ. _p≤n, kma¿∞yw, hnth-
Iw, ss[cyw, BtcmKyw F∂o KpW-ßƒ XnI-™n-´p-
≈-h¿°p-am-{Xsa Cu Ie A`y-kn-°p-hm≥ km[y-am-
Iq. mep thZ-ß-fn¬ n∂pw Xs∂-bmWv `mc-Xob
mSy-m-S-I-ßƒ D¤-hn-®-sX∂v `c-X≥ Icp-Xp-∂p-≠m-
Imw. CXp ntj-[n-°mpw nμn-°mpw C∂sØ mSy-
P--X-bv°m-hn-√. ssZho-I-amb Imcy-Øn¬ n∂p-amWv
CXp-≠m-b-sX-¶nepw kmln-Xy-]-chpw aX-]-c-hp-a-√mØ
Ah-X-cW {Ia-Ønepw kuμcy imkv{X-Ønepw BWv
Nn´. Cu Imcy-ßsf B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn hniz-kn-®p-
sIm≠v C∂p ImWp∂ rØ-cq-]-ßƒ cwKØv Ah-
X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn a‰p hnj-b-ß-fn¬
ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse Aan-X-ambn rØ-Øn¬ kmlnXyw
IqSp-X¬ Ie¿Øm≥ sshZn-I-]-c-ambn Ap-im-kn-°p-
∂n-√.
en]n I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xnp aptº thZ-ßƒ cNn-
°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. At-Im-bncw h¿j-ßƒ a- n-ep-d-∏n®v
ASpØ Xe-ap-dbv°v ]I¿∂v sImSp-Øp-sIm-≠mWv
Ahsb ne-n¿Øn-b-Xv. A∂sØ ap-jys‚ Pohn-
X-N-cy-Ifpw Bcm-[ k{º-Zm-b-ßfpw hnizm-k-ßfpw
]qPm-hn-[n-Ifpw a{¥-ßfpw F√mw Ah-bn¬ {]Xn-]m-
Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
BZyw cNn-°-s∏´ EKvthZ-Øn¬ {]IrXn ap-
jyp ¬Inb G‰hpw kpμ-c-amb ImgvN kqtcym-Z-
b-am-sW-∂pw, Hcp kv{Xo rØw sNbvXp-h-cp-∂-t]m-
se-bm-W-sX-∂pw h¿Æn-®n-´p-≠v. rØw A{Xbpw atm-
l-c-amb Hcp Ie-bmbn B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hf¿∂n-cp-
s∂∂m-Wt√m mw a- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. thZ-ßƒ {]mIr-
X-cmb Hcp Iq´w ap-jy-cpsS shdpw hm°p-I-fm-sW∂v
]m›mXy Nn¥-I-∑m¿ hn[n-®n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv
amIvkvap-≈¿ t]msebp≈ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿, thZ-ßƒ
cNn-®Xv Db¿∂ kmwkvIm-cnI ne-hm-c-ap≈ P-X-bn¬
n∂mWv F∂v {]kvXm-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. thZ-ß-fpsS
kmcmw-i-ßsf Dƒs°m≠v ]n∂oSv cNn-®-h-bmWv kwKo-
Xw, rØw, rXyw, mSyw F∂o Ie-Iƒ°v apJy-
ÿmw sImSp-Øn-´p≈ D]-n-j-Øp-Iƒ, {_m“-W-
ßƒ, CXn-lm-k-ßƒ, ]pcm-W-ßƒ, kq{X-ßƒ XpS-
ßn-b-h. CXn¬ Imhy-ß-fpsS `mh-Km--ßfpw IYsb
Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ Imhy-ßfpw mSy-Ønv Ap-tbm-
31
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Py-am-bh F∂p-Xs∂ thZ-ßƒ ]n¬°m-eØv sXfn-
bn-®p.
imkv{Xob rØ-cq-]-ßƒs°√mw thZ-ßƒ
Hcpt]mse Xs∂-bmWv kw`m-h--Iƒ ¬In-bn-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse XXp Ie-I-fmb IY-I-fn, IqSn-
bm-´w, tamln-n-bm-´w, Xan-gvm-´nse `c-X-m-Syw, B{‘m-
{]-tZ-inse Ip®n-∏p-Sn, I¿Æm-S-I-bnse b£-Km-w, aWn-
∏q-cnse aWn-∏q-cn, Hdo -bnse HUo n, DØ¿{]-tZ-
inse IYIv Ch-bn-se√mw AXm-Xp rØ-cq-]-ßƒ
GXp aqe-{K-Ÿ-amtWm ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂-sX-∂-t]mse thZ-
ß-fpsS kw`m-h Hcp s]mXp-n-abw t]mse AXmXp
rØm-Nm-cy-∑m¿ ASpØ P-X°v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-
∂p.
thZ-ßfpw ssIap-{Z-Ifpw
bmKw F∂Xv Cuiz-cs‚ Xr]vXn-bv°p-th≠n
sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Bcm-[ coXn-bm-Wv. CXn¬ thZ-
ß-fnse a{¥-ßƒ sNm√n Cuizcs tlma-Ip-WvT-Øn-
tebv°v B-bn-°p∂p F∂mWv hnizm-kw. ChnsS
bPq¿th-Z-Øn¬ n∂p D¤-hn® ap{Z-Iƒ kma-th-Z-
Øn¬ n∂p D¤-hn® kwKo-X-Øn-eqsS {]tbm-Kn-°p-
∂p. Cu a{¥-ßƒ {]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp {]tXyI
kwKo-X-ap-≠v. Bhm-ln-°p-∂-Xnv ap{Z {]tbm-K-ß-fp-
≠v.
Hmtcm tZh-Xbv°pw {]tXy-I-ambn ap{Z-Iƒ thZ-
ß-fn¬ n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ap{Z-I-fmWv mSy-Ønpw
rØ-Ønpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw {]tbm-K-Øn¬

bmsXmcp kmay-hp-an-√. thZ-Øn-ep≈ ap{Z-Isf Ipdn®p
]d-bp-tºmƒ sshZn-I-Øn-ep≈ ap{Z-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv tIc-fo-b¿ am{Xw. AXnepw EtKz-Zn-Iƒ
am{Xw. thZ-hn-Ir-Xn-Iƒ A[nIw sNøp-∂Xpw EtKz-Zn-
Iƒ BWv. ASn-ÿm--]-c-amb ap{Z-t«m-I-ßƒ CXn-en-
√. (a‰p e£W {KŸ-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xp-t]m-se.)
h¿tÆm-tZym-K-ßsf kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv
sshZnI ap{Z-Iƒ. A¿∞sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv
e£W {KŸ-ß-fnse ap{Z-Iƒ sshZnI ap{Z-Ifpw
t]cpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. DZm: cmaxlw-
kmkyw sIm≠p-Im-Wn-°p-∂p. ÿm-hy-Xym-k-Øn¬
C{μ-pw, A·nbpw lwkmkyw sIm≠p-Xs∂ ImWn-
°p-∂p. sshIp-t∂cw Aº-e-ß-fn¬ Zo]m-cm-[
Ign™v hmcw Ccn-°p∂ kμ¿`-ß-fn-emWv ap{Z-I-fpsS
{]tbmKw hcp-∂-Xv. thZw sIm≠p-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xn¬
G‰hpw t{ijvT-amWv hmcw. Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ]Øp
a{¥-ßsf Hcp {]tXyI coXn-bn¬ sNøp∂ {]{In-b-
bmWv hmcw. sshZnI ap{Z-I-fn¬ rØ-Øn-p-]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ ap{Z-I-fnset]mse t«mI-ßƒ ImWp-∂n-√.
sshZnI i_vZ-ß-fpsS Ah-km-sØ h¿Æ-ß-sfbpw
hnk¿§-ß-sfbpw, Ap-km-c-ß-sfbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-
XmWv sshZnI ap{Z-Iƒ. DZm-l-cWw lkvX-e-£W Zo]n-
I-bnse ]XmI F∂ ap{Z sshZn-I-Øn¬ "B' F∂p-
Im-Wn-°p-∂p. ]qPm hn[n-Iƒ°pw sshZnI ap{Z-Iƒ
FSp-°m-dn-√. EIvthZ kwlnX ]Z-]mTw Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-
p-th-≠n-bp≈ sshZnI ap{Z-Iƒ°v Xm{¥oI ap{Z-
tbmsS rØ-rXy mSy-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ap{Z-
bp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.
rØ-Øns‚ F√m ]mTy-h-i-ßfpw EIvthZ-
Øn¬ ImWmw. Cu kvXpXn-I-fn¬ n∂p-b-cp∂ kt¥m-
jhpw emfn-Xyhpw kvXpXy¿ly-am-Wv. Ωƒ {]Ir-Xn-
bn¬ ImWp∂ rØ-cq]w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-t]mse
tZh-tem-IØpw C{μs‚ k`-bn¬ kwKo-Xhpw
rØhpw D≈-Xmbn EIvthZ-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v.
thZhpw rØhpw ˛ kmay-X-Iƒ
thZw F∂Xv Kpcp-hn¬ n∂v injy-n-te°v ]I-
cp-∂-Xm-Wv. mSyhpw kam--n-e-bn¬ ssIam-dp-∂p. thZ-
hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´mWv b⁄w D≈-Xv. b⁄-Ønv
thZn Bh-iy-am-Wv. mSy-Ønpw kam--n-e-bn¬ thZn
D≠v. b⁄-Øn¬ tZh-X-Isf {]m¿∞-m-]q¿Δw
£Wn®v bYm-ÿmw Ccn-∏nSw ¬In {]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-
∂p. mSy-Ønepw tZh-X-Isf Ccn-∏nSw ¬In {]oXn-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. b⁄-Øn¬ thZ-kq‡w Nt{μm-_-≤-
ambn D®-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. mSy-Øns‚ imkv{X-`mKw
Nt{μm-_-≤-n-e-bn-em-Wp-≈-Xv. b⁄-Øn¬ krjvSn,
ÿnXn, kwlm-cw, Ap-{K-lw, Xntcm-`mhw F∂o ]©-
[¿Ω-ßƒ Ap-jvTn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. mSy-Ønepw CtX
]©-`m-h-ßƒ D≠v. b⁄-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-ÿmw D≈-
Xp-t]mse mSy-Ønv A[n-Im-c-ÿm--ap-≠v. b⁄-
Ønse BNm-cyp kam--ambn mSy-Ønv BNm-cy-
p-≠v. b⁄-Øns‚ F∂-Xp-t]mse mSy-Øns‚
e£yhpw temIm-k-akvXm kpJtm `hμp F∂ km-
X [¿Ω-am-sW∂v `c-X-ap-n-bpsS mSy-im-kv{X-Ønse
mtSym¬∏-Øn-bn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. thZ-ßƒ {]Ir-
Xnsb Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw D]m-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ap-
jy-cpsS DZvKm--ß-fm-Wv.
33
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

tUm. emen-tamƒ.Fkv
Xe-tbm-e-∏-dºv
tZhkzw t_m¿Uv
tImtf-Pn¬ ae-bm-f-hn-`mKw
Atkm- n-tb‰v s{]m^- ¿.
apSn-tb‰v F∂ Ap-jvTm
Ie-bn¬ tUmIvS-td-‰v.
Xr∏q-Wn-Øpd kztZ-in.
t^m¨: 94475 09430
apSntb‰v
{KmaoWPXbpsS kzXzt_m[Øns‚bpw ∑bpsSbpw
kzm{ibt_m[Øn¬n∂pw cq]wsIm≠ mS≥IeIƒ°v Ahs‚
B{ibt_m[hpw {]IrXnbpw tN¿s∂mcp°nb Zriycq]amWv ΩpsS
mS≥IeIƒ. B´hpw ]m´pw sIm´pambn {KmaoWPX hf¿Øn
hepXm°nb Cu kwkvIrXnbmWv ΩpsS IeIfpsSbpw
PohnXØns‚bpw _oPhmlI¿. Ch ΩpsS kwkvImcØns‚
Nn”ßfmWv. Im¿jnIkwkvImcØns‚ XpSn∏pIƒt]dp∂ ΩpsS
ZriyIeIfn¬ G‰hpw ap≥]nemWv ApjvTmmSIamb apSntb‰v.
{]m‡kaqlØns‚ a pIfn¬ ImØpkq£n® AΩssZhØns‚
hotcXnlmkhpw, Zp„XbpsStaep≈ ∑bpsS hnPbhpw mSI
cq]ØnehXcn∏n°pIbmWv apSntb‰neqsS. ChnsS {]IrXnbpw
apjypw H∂mbnt®¿∂v Zp„n{Klw SØpIbmWv.
tIcfØnse `{ZImfot£{Xßfn¬ SØs∏Sp∂ ApjvTm
AhXcWamWv apSntb‰v. `{ZImfnbpsS apSn(IncoSw) inc nte‰n SØp∂
AhXcWcq]ambXnmemWv CXnv apSntb‰v F∂p ]dbp∂Xv. apSn
35
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

i‡nbpsS, {]tXyIn®pw kv{Xoi‡nbpsS
{]XoIamWv. XnI™ `‡ntbmSpw {hXmpjvTm
tØmSpwIqSn SØp∂ ]mcºcympjvTm
amWnXv.
a[ytIcfØnse `{ZImfo{]XnjvTbp≈
t£{Xßfnepw ImhpIfnepamWv apSntb‰v SØp∂Xv.
aIcw, Ipw`w, aow, taSw amkßfnemWv
apSntb‰pt]mep≈ ApjvTmIeIƒ AhXcn∏n
°p∂Xv. Np´ps]m≈p∂ Imemhÿbp≈
(th¬°mew) Cu kabamWv hkqcn,
Nn°≥t]mIvkv, sN¶Æv XpSßnb ]I¿®hym[nIƒ
m´n¬ ]S¿∂p]nSn°p∂Xv. CØcØnep≈
]I¿®hym[nIfn¬n∂pw c£tSp∂Xnv apSntb‰p
t]mep≈ ApjvTmcwKmhXcWßƒ SØn
tZhnsb {]oXns∏SpØnbm¬ aXnsb∂mWv
`‡PßfpsS hnizmkw. hnhn[ apSntb‰pkwL
ßƒ Ccp∂qdnpta¬ t£{Xßfn¬ C∂v apSntb‰v
AhXcn∏n®phcp∂p.
BZyImeØv cm{XnbpsS sshInb bmaßfn¬
AhXcn∏n®ncp∂ apSntb‰v C∂v mw B{Kln°p∂
kabØv B{Kln°p∂ ÿeØv AhXcn∏n°p
tºmgpw AXns‚ kmwkvImcnIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb
[¿aØnv NypXnhcmXncn°m≥ IemImc∑m¿ {i≤n
bv°p∂p≠vv. HcpIq´mbvasb apgph≥ ImfnbpsS
kXyØns‚bpw i‡nbpsSbpw ]£Øv n¿Øn
s°m≠v Zp„XbpsStsc hnc¬Nq≠mpw in∏n
°mpw AXphgn Iq´mbvaIfpsS ∑Xn∑Isf
Xncn®dnbmpw klmbn°p∂p.
ChnsS hy‡nItf°mƒ Iq´mbva°mWv
{]m[myw. Cu ApjvTmIebpsS ka¿]Wwhgn
HcptZiØnmsI sFizcyhpw kar≤nbpw ssI
hcp∂p. aÆns‚aWap≈ CØcw IeIfpsS
BkzmZØneqsStb Iq´mbvabpsS i‡nbpw
kuμcyhpw Z¿in°m≥ Ignbq. CXphgn mw XXp
mSIØns‚ AhXcWckX{¥w Ap`hn°pI
bmWv. hfscthKw BkzZn°pIbpw AXnt°mƒ
thKØn¬ hnkvarXnbntebv°v hogpIbpw sNøp∂p
B[pnIIeIƒ. F∂m¬ apSntb‰pt]mep≈ IeIƒ
BkzZn°pIhgn AXv a ns‚ Bgßfn¬IS∂v
akvXnjvIØneqsS {]thin®v ∑bpsS {]hrØn
]YØntebv°v Bkzm-ZIsc bn°p∂p. CXv tIhew
Hcp hgn]mSv am{Xa√. apjykaqlØns‚ ne
n¬]npw sFizcyØnpw Ch AXy¥mt]£nXam
sW∂pap≈ Xncn®dnhmWv CØcw IeIfpsS
nen¬∏v. apSntb‰pt]mep≈ ApjvTmIeIƒ
Actßdp∂ Imhpw ]cnkchpw AXnse ]¶mfn
Ifpsa√mw Htct]mse ip≤oIcn°s∏SpIbmWv
sNøp∂Xv.
a[ytIcfØn¬ {]tXyIn®v Xriq¿,
FdWmIpfw, tIm´bw, Be∏pg F∂o Pn√IfnemWv
apSntb‰nv IqSpX¬ {]Nmcw. `{ZImfo {]m[myap≈
t£{Xßfnepw ImhpIfnepw SØp∂ ApjvTm
IeIfn¬ G‰hpw ap≥]¥nbn¬ n¬°p∂XmWv
apSntb‰v. sFXnly{]Imcw q‰nsb´v Zp¿Kmt£{X
ßfpw q‰nsb´v inhmebßfpw ]cipcma≥
ÿm]n°pIbp≠mbn. XpS¿∂v Xm{¥nIImcyßƒ
°mbn Xmga¨, XcW√q¿ F∂o IpSpw_°mscbpw
apSntb‰v, IfsagpØv F∂nhbv°mbn c≠v Ipdp∏∑m
scbpw ntbmKn®p. AXmWv hmcWm´vIpdp∏pw
I√m‰Ipdp∏pw. Ipdp-∏-∑m¿-°p ]pdsa apSntb‰pw
IfsagpØpw amcm∑mcpw SØnhcp∂p. Ct∏mƒ
CXckapZmb°mcpw CXntebv°v IS∂ph∂n´p≠v.
I√m‰Ipdp∏∑m¿ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv X´nt∑¬
apSntb‰mWv. tIcfØn¬ C∂v ]cºcmKXambcoXn
bn¬ apSntb‰v AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv mev IpSpw_ßfn
embn HºXv kwLßfmWv. Chbn¬ {][ms∏´h
(1) hmcWm´v (2) ]mgq¿ (3) Iogn√w (4) Ip∂bv°m¬
F∂nhbmWv. a‰p≈kwLßƒ Cu kwLßfn¬
n∂pw amdn kzX{¥ambn cq]oIcn®XmWv.
apSntb‰n¬am{XamWv Imfn˛ZmcnI]pcmhrØw
]q¿Wambn BhnjvIcn®ncn°p∂Xv. inh˛mcZ
kwhmZØn¬XpSßn Imfn˛ZmcnI∑mcpsS t]mcnp
37
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

hnfnbneqsS bp≤ØnseØn ZmcnIs‚ apSnsbSp
°p∂Xphscbp≈ cwKßƒ Ap{Iaambn hnIkn
°p∂ BhnjvIcWcoXnbmWv apSntb‰n¬ D≈Xv.
]p-cm-hr-Øw
{_-“-tZh-s‚ h-c-_-e-Øm¬ D-∑-Øcm-b Zm-cn-I-
Zm--th-{μ-∑m-cp-sS ]-cm-{I-a-ßƒ k¿-Δ-tem-I-hm-kn-I-fp-
sSbpw sskz-c-Po-hn-Xw X-I¿Øp. Cu hn-h-cw m-cZ≥
in-h-k-∂n-[nbn¬ D-W¿-Øn-°p∂p. C-Xn-p ]-cn-lm-c-am-
bn in-h≥ X-s‚ Xr-°-Æn¬ n-∂pw `{Z-Im-fn-sb kr-
„n-°p∂p. `-{Z-Im-fn Zm-cn-I-p-am-bn G-‰p-ap-ń Zm-cn-I-n-
{K-lw S-Øn Zmcn-I inc- v in-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ k-a¿-∏n-
°p∂p. Zm-cn-Ih-[w I-gn-™n´pw I-en A-S-ßm-Ø `-{Z-
Im-fn-bp-sS I-en i-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-m-bn inh-s‚ n¿-t±-i-
{]-Im-cw kp-{_-“-Wypw K-W-]-Xnbpw _m-e-cq-]w ]q-
≠v Im-fn-bp-sS am¿-§-a-[y-Øn¬ In-S-°p∂p. _m-e-cq-]-
Øn¬ I-≠ kp-{_-“-W-sbpw K-W-]-Xn-sbbpw I-≠
Im-fn-bp-sS I-en-b-S-ßp-Ibpw am-Xr`m-hw D-W¿-∂v _m-
e-∑m-sc hm-cn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sN-øp∂p.
A-p-jvTm--{Iaw
I-f-sa-gpØpw ]m-ńpw ti-j-am-Wv ap-Sn-tb-‰v A-
c-tß-dp-I. {]-Ir-Xn-Z-Øam-b ]-©-h¿-Æ-s∏m-Sn sIm-≠v
`-{Z-Im-fn-bp-sS cq-]w F-gp-Xp∂p. m-ep-ap-X¬ ]-Xn-m-
dph-sc ssI-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn-b Im-fo-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv F-gp-Xp-
I. I-f-sa-gp-Øn-p-ti-jw I-fw F-Xn-tc--ev°¬v I-fw ]q-
P, I-fw G-‰p-hmß¬, Xn-cn-bp-gn-®n¬, I-fw-]m´v, I-fw
am-bv-°¬ F-∂o N-S-ßp-I-tfm-sS I-f-sa-gpØpw ]m´pw
A-h-km-n-°p-∂p.
A-c-ßp-tIfn (k‘y-sIm´v)
ap-Sn-tb-‰n-m-bn X-øm-dm-°n-bn-´p-
≈ ÿe-Øv I-c-{]-am-Wn B-´-hnf-°v
sX-fn-°p-∂-tXm-sS ap-Sn-tb-‰v F-∂ A-
p-jvTm--mS-Iw B-cw`n-°p∂p. Xp-S¿-
∂v ap-Sn-tb-‰v Xp-S-ßm-dm-bn F-∂v I-c-°m-
sc sIm-ń A-dn-bn-°p∂p. C-Xm-Wv A-
c-ßp-tIfn. C-Xn¬ A-©p -ap-X¬ H≥]-
Xv I-em-Im-c≥-am¿ h-sc ]-s¶-Sp-°p∂p.
sN-≠, ho-°≥ sN-≠, tN¶n-e F-∂o
hm-tZym-]-I-c-W-ß-fm-Wv km-[m-c-W-bm-
bn C-Xn-v D-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv. ap-Sn-tb-
‰n-se Ac-ßp hm-gv-Ø¬ I-Y-I-fn-bn-se
tIfn-sIm-ń-s‚ ]q¿-Δ cq-]-am-sW-∂p
]-d-bmw.
A-c-ßp-hm-gvØ¬
kw-kv-Ir-X-m-S-I-Øn-se m-μnbpw I-Y-I-fn-bn-se
tXm-S-b-sØbpw Hm¿-Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv ap-Sn-tb-‰n-se A-
c-ßp-hm-gvØ¬. C-„-tZh-Xm kv-Xp-Xn-bm-WnXv. I-fn-hn-f-
°n-p ]n-∂n¬ ]n-Sn-® Xn-c-»o-e-bp-sS ]p-d-In¬h-∂v in-
h-s‚bpw m-c-Z-s‚bpw th-j-an-´-h-cm-Wv ta-f-Øn-s‚ A-
I-ºSn-tbm-sS A-c-ßp-hm-gv-Øp-∂Xv.
in-h-m-c-Z-kw-hmZw
H-∂mw- cw-K-am-Wv in-h-m-c-Z-kw-hmZw. in-hpw m-
c-Zpw Xn-c-»o-e-bp-sS ap≥-]n-eq-sS h-∂v in-h≥ Xn-cn-®v
Xn-c-»oe-°p ]n-∂n¬ C-ń-cn-°p-∂ ]oT-Øn¬ Ib-dn n-
ev-°p∂p. ap≥-]n¬ n∂p-tm-°n-bm¬ inh≥ Im-f-∏p-
d-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn tXm-∂-Ø-°-hn-[w H-cp-Imf-Ø-e Xn-
c-»oe-°p ap-I-fn-em-bn ]n-Sn-°p∂p. ssI-em-k-Øn-en-cn-
°p-∂ in-h-sbpw ap-∂n¬ n¬-°p-∂ m-c-Z-s-bp-am-
Wv mw C-t∏mƒ Im-Wp-I. m-c-Z-s‚ I-øn¬ H-cp F-gp-
tØm-e-bp-≠v. inh-s‚ I-øn¬ iq-ew, I-Spw-Xp-Sn F-∂n-
h-bp≠v. Zm-cnI-Zmth-{μ-∑m-cp-sS sN-bv-Xn-Iƒ aq-ew tem-
I-hm-kn-Iƒ-°p-≠m-Ip-∂ I-„-∏m-SpI-sf {]-Xn-]m-Zn-°p-
∂ ]m-´m-Wv ]m-´p-Im¿ ]m-Sp-∂Xv. inh-s‚ tNm-Zy-ßƒ°v
F-gp-tØm-e-bn¬ tm-°n a-dp]-Sn ]-d-bp∂ co-Xn-bn¬
m-c-Z≥ A`n--bn-°p∂p.
Zm-cnI-s‚ ]p-d-∏mSv
c≠mw cw-Kw Zm-cnI-s‚ ]p-d-∏m-SmWv. H-cp cm-Pm-
hn-s‚ F√m {]uUn-tbmSpw A-Xn-te-sd A-l-¶m-c-
tØmSpw Iq-Sn h-cp-∂ Zm-cn-I≥ BZyw Xn-c-»o-e-°p- ]n-
39
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

∂n¬h-∂v hn-f-°n-sbpw Xp-S¿-∂v hm-Zy-°m-scbpw h-
μn-°p∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v Xn-c-tm´w. A-Xn-p-tijw Zm-cnI-
s‚ Ip-fnbpw tX-hm-c-hp-sa√mw ta-f-Øn-s‚ A-I-ºSn-
tbm-sS hn-kv-X-cn-®`n--bn-°p∂p. Iq-Sm-sX hn-f-°np Np-
‰pw ]-Xn-cn Xn-cn-bp-∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v ]oT-Øn¬ Ib-dn n-∂v
F√m Zn-°p-I-fn-te°pw tm-°n [m¿-„y-tØm-sS t]m-cn-
p hn-fn-°p∂p. A-Xn-p-ti-jw Zm-cn-I≥ ]oT-Øn-en-cn-
°p∂p. C-t∏mƒ C-hn-Sw Zm-cnI-s‚ tIm-´-bmWv.
Im-fn-]p-d-∏mSv
A-Sp-Ø-cw-Kw `-‡n-km-{μ-am-b Im-fn-]p-d-∏m-SmWv.
Zm-cn-I-n-{K-l-Øn-m-bn in-h-n¬ n∂pw A-p-hm-Zhpw
hm-ßn ssI-em-k-Øn¬ n∂pw A-´-l-kn®p-sIm≠v h-
cp-∂ D-{K-cq-]n-Wnbm-b Im-fn. ap-Sn-sh-bv-°m-Ø Im-fn-
th-j-°m-c≥ t£-{X--S-bn¬ sN-∂v -K-h-Xn-sb hW-ßn
X-{¥n-bn¬ n∂pw hmfpw am-ebpw hm-ßn St-sc n-
∂v ap-Sn-tb-‰n ]p-d-s∏-Sp∂p. I-c-°mcpsS B¿-∏p-hnfn,
Ipc-h, I-cn-a-cp∂v, ]¥w sX≈n Xp-S-ßn-b-h-bp-sS A-
I-ºSn-tbm-sS Im-hn-p h-ew-sh-®v ap-Sn-tb-‰p I-f-Øn¬
{]-th-in-°p∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v Im-fn-bp-sS i-‡nbpw ]-cm-{I-
a-ßfpw {]-I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. Xn-c-»o-e-bp-sS ]n-∂n-seØn-
b Im-fn Xn-c-»o-e-bp-sS ap-∂n-ep-≈ Zm-cnI-s‚ t]m-cn-p-
hn-fn°v a-dp]-Sn ]-d-bp∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v Xn-c»o-e Xm-gv-Øn
Im-fn-bpw Zm-cn-Ipw ]-c-kv]-cw Im-Wp-I-bpw G-‰p-ap-´p-
Ibpw sN-øp∂p. Zm--th-{μ-sbpw ssk-y-tØbpw Iq-
ń-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn-m-bn Zm-cn-I≥ A-c-ßn¬ n∂pw
t]m-Ip∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v I-en-aq-Ø Imfn ]oT-Øn¬ I-b-dn-
n-∂v hn-tÆm¿ i-cw sIm-≠phm-tbm...... hn-tÆm¿ ssh-
cn-I-tf...... F-∂v Zm-cnI-s t]m-cn-p hn-fn-°p∂p. Xp-
S¿-∂v Im-fn ]oT-Øn-en-cn-°p∂p. Cu ka-bw tIm-bn-º-
S-m-b¿ {]-th-in-°p∂p.
tIm-bn-º-S-m-b-cp-sS cw-K-{]-thiw
]oT-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂ Im-fn-bp-sS ap≥-]n¬ h-∂v tIm-
bn-º-S-mb¿ X-s‚ I-øn-en-cn-°p-∂ hmfpw ]-cn-Nbpw Iq-
ń-]n-Sn-®v -a-kv-I-cn-°p∂p. kw-kvIr-X m-S-Im-cw`Øn¬
{]-th-in-°p-∂ kq-{X-[m-cs-t]m-se-bm-Wv ap-Sn-tb-‰n-se
memw cw-K-Øn-s‚ A-h-km--Øn¬ {]-th-in-°p∂ tIm-
bn-º-S-mb¿. tIm-bn-º-Sm¿, tImbv-a F-∂o Np-cp-° t]-
cn¬ A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂ C-t±-l-Øn-v m-b¿ ]-S-m-bI-s‚
th-j-amWv. ¿-Ωc-kw I-e¿-Øn-bp≈ tIm-bn-º-Sm-cp-
sS kw`m-j-W-ßƒ kw-L¿-j-Øn-s‚ ]n-cn-ap-dp-°-Øn-
v Ab-hp h-cp-Øp∂p. in-h-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ n∂pw -μn-
tI-i≥ Im-fn-sb bp-≤-Øn¬ k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-v th-
jw am-dn h-cp-∂-Xm-sW-∂ hn-izm-k-hp-w C-Xn-s‚ ]n-∂n-
ep≠v. ssI-em-k-Øn¬ n∂pw B-cw`n-® bm-{X k-Ie
tem-I-ßfnepw Np-‰n- I-d-ßn-bm-Wv Im-fo-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-
Øn-t®-cp-∂Xv. am¿-§-at≤y I-≠Xpw tI-´-Xpam-b F√m
hn-h-c-ßfpw A-dn-bn-°p∂p. I-≠-Im-cy-ßƒ kz-bw
]d™psIm-≠v {]-th-in-°p-tºmƒ Im-fn F¥m-sSm......
CXv? F∂p -tNm-Zn-°p-∂p. tIm-bn-º-Sm-cpw ta-f-°mcpw
X-Ωn-em-Wv kw`m-jWw. A-hy-‡hpw A-kw-_-‘-hpam-
b kw`m-j-W-Øn-eq-sS km-aq-ly-hn-a¿-i--am-Wv tIm-bn-
º-Sm¿ -S-Øp-∂Xv. kw-`m-j-W k-ab-Øv ta-f-°m¿ H-
cp {]-tXy-I-co-Xn-bn-em-Wv Xm-f-an-Sp-∂Xv. Xp-S¿-∂v K-W-]-
Xn-kv-Xp-Xnbpw `-{Z-Im-fn kv-Xp-Xnbpw I-gn-™v tIm-bn-º-
S-m¿ cw-Kw hn-Sp∂p. Cu ka-bw ta-f-°m¿ I-em-iw sIm-
´p-∂-tXm-sS A©mw cw-Kw A-h-km-n-°p∂p.
Iq-fn-]p-d-∏mSv
m-tSm-Sn m-S-I-Øn-s‚ X-n-a ap-gp-h≥ n-d-™p-
n¬-°p-∂ cw-K-am-Wv Iq-fn-]p-d-∏mSv. I-c-°mcpw ta-f-
°mcpw H-cp-an-®v Iq-fn-sb B--bn-°p∂p. A-p-jvTm--
I-e-I-fn-se s]m-dm-ń-s‚ [¿-Ωhpw Iq-fn n¿-Δ-ln-°p-
∂p. cw-Km-h-X-c-Ww Iq-Sp-X¬ k-Po-h-am-Ip-∂ H-cp cw-K-
am-WnXv. kzm-an-Xn-¥-I-tØmw A-ø-∏-Xn-¥-I-tØmw F-
∂ Xm-f-Øn-em-Wv Iq-fn-bp-sS ]p-d-∏mSv. Iq-fn-sb B--
bn®p- sIm-≠p -h-cp-∂ I-c-°m¿ C-t∏mƒ Iq-fn-bp-sS H-
∏w F-Øp-∂ in-h-`q-X-K-W-ß-fmWv. bp-≤-Øn¬ Im-fn-
sb k-lm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-p th-≠n-bm-Wv Iq-fn-bpsS h-chv.
a-‰p I-Ym-]m-{X-ß-fn¬ n∂pw th-j-Ønepw `m-h-Ønepw
s]-cp-am-‰-Ønepw h-f-sc-tb-sd hy-Xy-kv-X-X ]p-e¿-Øp-
∂ I-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv Iqfn. k-Z-ky-cp-sS B-{K-l-{]-Im-
cw Iq-fn ap-‰-aSn, Xp-Wn-be-°v Xp-Sßn-b euIn-I Im-cy-
ßƒ X-t‚-Xmb ssi-en-bn¬ n¿-Δ-ln-°p-tºmƒ C-Xv
k-Z-ky-cn¬ Nn-cn-bp-sS A-e-Iƒ kr-„n-°p∂p. Iq-Sm-sX
D-d-ßp-I-tbm A-e-k-am-bn-´v C-cn-°p-Itbm sN-ø-∂h-sc
F-SpØp-sIm-≠p h-∂v ap-e-bq-´p-Ibpw hn-f-°n¬ n-∂v
F-Æbpw I-cn-bp-sa-Sp-Øv s-‰n-bn¬ sXm-So-®v a°-sf
A-p-{K-ln-°p∂p. Ku-c-h-]q¿-Æam-b A-¥-co-£-Øn-v
A-b-hp-h-cp-Øm≥ Iq-fn-bp-sS cw-K-{]-th-i-Øn-p I-gn-
bp∂p. Cu ka-bw `-‡cm-b I-c-°m¿ X-ß-fp-sS sIm-
®p-Ip-ńI-sf Im-fn-bp-sS A-p-{K-l-Øn-m-bn Im-fn-bp-
sS I-øn¬ sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Im-fn-sb bp-≤-Øn-p k-lm-
bn-°p-∂-Xn-m-bn FØn-b Iq-fn X-s‚ A-Ωbm-b Im-fn-
sb Im-Wp-∂-tXm-sS Bdmw cw-Kw A-h-km-n-°p∂p. H-
∏w Xm-fw ap-dp-Ip∂p. Cu ka-bw Zm-cn-I≥ Zm--th{μ-
tm-sSm-∏w A-c-ßn-se-Øp∂p. Xp-S¿-∂v Iq-Sn-bm´w.
41
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Iq-Sn-bm´w
Im-fnZm-cn-I-Zm--th{μ∑m-cp-ambn tLm-cam-b bp-
≤w -S-°p∂p. c-≠p Iq-ćpw X-ß-fp-sS ]-e X-c-Øn-ep-
≈ A-`ym-k-ap-d-Iƒ {]-Z¿-in-∏n-°p∂p. Cu A-h-k-c-
Øn¬ Iq-fn Im-fn-sb k-lm-bn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Iq-fn-
bp-sS F√m {]-hr-Øn-Ifpw lm-kym-fl-I-amWv. Im-fn-
bp-am-bp-≈ G-‰p-ap-´-¬ t-cn-Sm-m-hm-sX Zmcn-I Z--th-
{μ-∑m¿ ]m-Xm-fØn-sem-fn-°p∂p. I-en-I-bdn-b Im-fn-bp-
sS I-en A-S-°p-∂-Xn-m-bn ssI-bn-se hmƒ n-e-Øp -
Ip-Øn°p-Ibpw ap-Sn ne-Øp Ip-Øn-°p-Ibpw sN-
øp∂p. F-∂n´pw I-en A-S-ßm-Ø Im-fn-bp-sS ap-Sn ]n-Sn-
s®-Sp-°p-∂-tXm-sS Im-fn-bp-sS I-en A-ev-]w i-an-°p∂p.
G-‰hpw ssZ¿-Ly-tadn-b cw-K-am-Wv G-gmw-cwKw. C-Xn¬
A-c-ßØpw hn-f-°Øpw ]-Xncn, {]-Z-£nWw, sh´pw
X-S-bpw, sh-ń-Øn-cn°¬, Im-fnbpw Iq-fnbpw tN¿-∂p-
≈ ¿-Ω {]-[m-am-b {]-hr-ØnIƒ, ap-Sn ]-dn-°¬ C-
h-sb√mw tN¿-∂-Xm-Wv Iq-Sn-bm´w.
t]i¬
t]m¿°-en A-S-ßm-Ø Im-fn Zm-cn-I-∑m¿ X-Ωn¬
ho≠pw tLm-cam-b bp-≤w -S-°p∂p. ho≠pw Zm-cn-I˛
Zm--th-{μ-∑m¿ Im-fn-sb t-cn-Sm-m-ImsX HmSn-sbm-fn-
°p∂p. Xp-S-¿-∂v ]m-Xm-fØn-sem-fn-® Zm-cn-I˛Zm--th-{μ-
∑m-sc Iq-fn I-≠p-]n-Sn-®v Im-fn-°v sIm-Sp-°p∂p. C-h¿
X-Ωn¬ X-Ωn¬ hn-f-°n-p Np-‰p-am-bn S-∂v -S-Øp-∂
hm-°p-X¿-°-am-Wv t]i¬. Cu ka-bw Zm-cn-Im¿ X-s‚
sX-‰p-I-sf√mw £-an-®v tam-£w X-c-W-sa-∂v Imfn-tbm-
Sp {]m¿-∞n-°p∂p.
Zm-cn-Ih[w
hm-°p-X¿-°n-Ø-n-h-kmw (t]i¬) A-g-sIm-
Sp `-K-h-Xn-b-Ω I-øm¬ h-[n-°p-t∂≥ F-∂p ]d-™v
Zm-cnI-s‚ in-c- -d-°p∂p. H-cp ssI-sIm-≠v Zm-cnI-s‚
ap-Sn ]n-Sn-®v adp-ssI-bn-se hmƒ-sIm-≠v X-e A-d-°p-∂
co-Xn-bn¬ A-`n--bn-®m-Wv ap-Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xv. Xp-S¿∂v Zm-
-th-{μ≥ ap-Sn ssi-eo-Ir-Xm-`n--bco-Xn-bn¬ X-s‚ ap-Sn
sIm-Sp-Øv A-c-ßn¬ n∂pw t]m-Ip∂p.
Ip-ńI-sf F-Sp°¬
_m-e-]oU-Iƒ, ]-I¿-®-hym-[nIƒ, `q-X-t{]-X-]n-
im-Np-I-fn¬n-∂p-≈ D-]-{Z-hw, A-]-kv-amcw XpS-ßn Nn-
In-’-sIm-≠v t`Z-am-°m≥ I-gn-bn-s√-∂v hn-iz-kn-°p-∂h-
sb√mw Im-fn-°v am-‰m≥ I-gn-bp-sa-∂m-Wv hn-izmkw. Zm-
43
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
cn-I-h-[-Øn-p ti-jw am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sS B-{K-l-{]-Im-
cw Ip-ńI-sf F-Sp-Øv hn-f-°n-p Np‰pw h-ewh-®v hn-f-
°n¬ n∂pw F-Æ F-Sp-Øv s-‰n-bnepw s-dp-I-bnepw
h-®v Im-fn A-p-{K-ln-°p∂p. I-en-bS-°n am-Xr`m-hw D-
W¿Øn-b ]p-cm-hr-Ø `m-K-am-Wv Ip-ń-I-sf-sb-Sp-°¬
F-∂ N-S-ßns‚ ]n-∂n-ep-≈-Xv.
t£-{X-Øn-s‚bpw tZ-i-Øn-s‚bpw sF-iz-cy-Øn-
m-bn Xp-S¿-∂v Kp-cpXn, ]q-P, ]-¥-ap-gn-®n¬, ap-Sn-bp-gn-
®n¬, ap-Sn-∏pd-Øp Z£n-W F-∂nß-s-bp≈ A-p-
jvTm-ß-tfm-sS ap-Sn-tb-‰v A-p-jvTm- mS-Iw ]q¿-Æ-
am-Ip∂p.
a-ebm-fn-bp-sS kz-Xz-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn¬ Im-hp-
Iƒ°pw A-Ω-ssZ-h-ßƒ°pw hen-b ÿm--ap≠v. {Km-
a-Øn-s‚ A-Ωbm-b Im-hn-e-Ω-bp-sS ap≥-]n¬ A-h-X-cn-
∏n°p-∂ A-p-jvTm--I-e-bm-Wv ap-Sn-tb-‰v. 2000 h¿-j-
Øn-p-ta¬ ]-g-°-ap-≈ Cu I-em-cq]sØ 2010˛¬ bp-
skvtIm am--h-ss]Xr-I kv-am-c-I-am-bn {]-Jym-]n®-Xv
ap-Sntb-‰n-s‚ {]m-[m-y-sØ F-Sp-Øp-Im-´p∂p. Hmtcm
ap-Sn-tb-‰p kw-L-Øn-s‚bpw A-h-X-c-W-Ønpw ]mT-
Ønpw hy-Xym-k-ßƒ D≠v.
C-cp-]Øn-sbm∂mw q-‰m-≠n-s‚ D-Ø-cm¿-≤-Øn¬
C-Ø-c-Øn-ep-≈ A-p-jvTm--I-e-Iƒ-°v {]-Nm-c-ta-dm≥
Im-cWw, a-p-jy-s-s°m-≠v km-[n-°m-Ø Im-cy-ßƒ
ssZ-h-Øn-p I-gn-bp-sa-∂ hn-izm-k-amWv. C∂pw tcm-K-
i-a--Øn-pw A-ò-„-Im-cy-kn-≤n-°p-am-bn ap-Sn-tb-‰v t]m-
ep-≈ h-gn-]m-Sp-Iƒ -S-Øn-h-cp-∂p F-∂-Xn-p sX-fn-hm-
Wv tIm-´bpw Pn√-bn¬ Ip-dp-∏-¥d-°p k-ao-]-ap-≈ aq-
gn-°pf-ß-c -K-h-Xn-t£-{Xw. C-hn-sS Xp-S¿-®-bm-bn 30
apX¬ 45 Znh-kwh-sc h-gn-]m-Sm-bn ap-Sn-tb-‰v -S-Øp-
∂p. `-{Z-Im-fo {]o-Xn-°m-bn ap-Sn-tb-‰pt]m-se ^-e-hØm-
b a-s‰m-cp h-gn-]m-Sn√ F-∂ Xn-cn-®-dn-hm-Wv C-∂ ap-Sn-tb-
‰n-v C-{X-tb-sd {]m-[myw h-cm≥ Im-cWw. kzm¿-∞-X
a-p-jy-s‚ Iq-S-∏n-d-∏m-sW-¶nepw ap-Sn-tb-‰v F-∂ A-p-
jvTm-I-e A-c-tß-d-W-sa-¶n¬ Iq-´m-bv-a-bn-eq-sS am-{X-
ta -S°q. A-Wp-Ip-Spw-_-Øn-v {]-k-‡n-tb-dp-∂ Cu
Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ B-[pn-I X-e-apd-°v Iq-´m-bv-a-bp-sS a-
lXzw Xn-cn-®-dn-bmpw Ah-sb n-e-n¿-Ømpw C-Ø-c-
Øn-ep-≈ A-h-X-c-W-ßƒ k-lm-bn-°p∂p. hnhn-[ t`-
Z-ßƒ ad-∂v H-cp N-´-°q-Sn-I-Øv H-cp Iq-´m-bv-a-bp-sS
A-p`-hw kr-„n-°p-∂ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv ap-Sn-tb‰p-t]m-ep-
≈ A-p-jvTm--ß-fn¬ Im-Wp-∂Xv.

tUm. kn.-]n. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥
IY-I-fn-bnse icoc
Ne--im-kv{X-Ønepw
apjy icoc {]h¿Ø
imkv{X-Ønepw
Kth-jWw SØn c≠v
tUmIvS-td‰pIƒ e`n-®n-´p-≠v.
IY-Ifn Iem-Im-cpw
Iem ncq-]-I-p-am-Wv.
nc-h[n rØ mS-I-ßƒ
Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
HutZym-KnI Pohn-X-Øn¬
Poh-imkv{X
A≤ym-]-I-m-bn-cp-∂p.
t^m¨: 9946553014
`c-X-ap-n-bpsS mSy-imkv{X Z¿i--Øns‚
Bp-Im-enI {]k‡n `uXnI imkv{X ZrjvSn-bn-eqsS
NXp¿tΔ-Z-ßƒ th≠-hn[w a- n-em°n AXv kz[¿Ω-a-p-k-cn®v
Ah-c-h-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p-hm-p≈ tijn jvS-s∏´ ImeØv
C{μmZn ZnIv]m-e-I-∑m-cpsS At]-£-b-p-k-cn®v {_“mhv krjvSn® A©m-
asØ thZ-as{X (]-©-a-th-Zw) "mSy-thZw' D]-th-Z-ß-fmb "Bbq¿tΔ-
Zhpw, [p¿tΔ-Zhpw' Iq´n-t®¿Øp. `c-X≥ F∂ apn-t{i-jvT≥ {]kvXpX
thZsØ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-hm-p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n. Aßns
mSy-thZw mSy-im-kv{X-ambn; `mc-X-Ønv kz¥-am-sbmcp kuμcy imkv{X-
hpw, A`n--b- im-kv{Xhpw, S imkv{X-hpw, mSI imkv{Xhpw D≠m-
bn. `mc-Xo-b-amb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ imkv{Xw F∂p-IqSn {]kvXpX
{KŸsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. CXn¬ rØ, rXy, mS-Im-Zn-I-
45
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

sf-°p-dn®p am{X-a√ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ax-im-kv{X-
hpw, kz`mh ]T--hpw, hy‡nXz hnI-k--hpw,
icocNe imkv{X-hpw, X®p-im-kv{X-hpw, Btbm-[--
hpw, `mjm-im-kv{X-hpw, Km-hpw, hmZy n¿Ωm-Whpw
{]tbm-K-hpw, sshinI-X-{¥-hpw, a‰-p-_‘ hnj-b-
ßfpw kqN-m-cq-]-Øn-se-¶nepw mSy-im-kv{X-Øn¬
Is≠-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
thZ-a-{¥mZn {]tbm-K-ßƒsIm≠v kn≤n-t°≠
ê-sa-¥mtWm AsX-√mw mSy-{]-tbmKw sIm≠v
km[y-amhpw F∂mWv mSy-imkv{Xw ]e L´-ß-fn-
embn ka¿∞n-°p-∂-Xv. temI-hr-Øm-¥-p-I-c-W-amWv
mSy-sa-∂pw, tZi-Im-e-am-‰-ßƒ°-p-k-cn®v kaql ∑-
bv°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS n¿t±-i-
ßƒ°-p-k-cn®v mSy-X-Xz-ßsf Bh-iy-amb am‰-ß-
tfmsS {]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-W-sa∂pw mSy-
imkv{Xw Ap-im-kn-°p-∂p. mSy-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-ß-
sf-°p-dn®v {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-h-bn¬
{][m--am-bh Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.
1. hntmZ cq]-Øn¬ I≠pw tI´pw GsXmcp
hy‡n°pw {]m]y-amb hn[-Øn¬ NXp¿th-Z-X-
Xz-ßsf a- n-em-°p-hm-mWv mSy-ap-≠m-b-Xv.
(hn-Zym-`ymk hnN-£-W¿ Xmc-X-tay B[p-nI
Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Is≠-Øn-b-XmWv hnZym-`ymkw
hntmZ cq]-Øn¬, I≠pw tI´pw ]Tn-°p-hm≥
]‰p-∂-hn-[-Øn¬, F√m-h¿°pw {]m]y-am-bn-cn-°-
Ww F∂Xv ˛ Learn while one plays, Learning must
be an audio-visual experience, Education must be
accessible to all.) (m.im; A:1: t«m: 7)
2. imco-cn-Ihpw, am-kn-I-hp-ambn hnj-an-°p∂
B¿°pw Imem-p-k-cWw Bh-iy-amb im¥n
¬Ip-hm-mWv mSyw krjvSn-°-s∏-´-Xv. (m.im;
A: 1; t«m: 86.3)
3. "mSyw' F∂ alXv k¶-ev]-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-
SmØXmbn temI-Øn¬ H∂pw Xs∂-bn-√. AXp-
sIm-≠p-Xs∂, NXp¿]p-cp-jm¿∞-ß-fpw, h¿Æm-
{ia [¿Ω-ß-fpw, [-hpw, bi- pw, _p≤nbpw
h¿≤n-°p-hm-p≈ kZvhrØn-Ifpw, k¿Δ-im-kv{X-
ß-fpw, inev] {]h¿Ø--ßfpw AS-ßp-∂-XmWv
mSy-imkv{Xw. (m.im; A: 1: t«m: 86.4; 87; 88)
4. [¿Ωm-p-k-c-W-ap≈ ]mT-]-T-w, rØ-˛-r-Øy-
˛-m-S-ImZn {]tbm-K-ßƒ, Kmm-em-]-w, Nn{X-c-
N-, hmZy-hm-Zw F∂n-h-sIm≠v thZ-a-{¥-
ßƒsIm≠v e`y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-p-k-a-amb êw e`n-
°pw. (m.im: A: 36; t«m: 19)
5. nkzm¿∞-X-tbm-Spw, BZ-c-thmSpw mSyw {]tbm-
Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ `qan lcn-X-ssPh kº-Øp-
sIm≠v tXP-kzn-bmbn amdpw. Zmcn-{Z-yhpw, tcmKmZn
]oU-Ifpw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw. arK-ßƒ°pw
kZvhrØ-cmb ap-jy¿°pw im¥n-e-`n-°pw.
`qansb `cn-°p-hm≥ {]m]vX-m-b, bYm¿∞ cmPmhv
(`-c-Wm-[n-]≥) D≠m-hpw. (m.im; A: 1; t«m: 70)
{]kvXpX mtSym-t±-iy-ßsf ncm-I-cn-°m-sX,
{]tbmK ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ Imtem-Nn-X-amb am‰-ßƒ ]WvUn-
X-a-Xm-p-k-cWw kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v n¿t±-in-
°p∂ `c-X-ap-n-bpsS Zo¿L-ho-£-WsØ Dƒs°m≠v
{]mh¿Øn-I-am-t°-≠Xv GsXmcp `mc-Xo-b-s‚bpw
[¿Ω-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ¿Ø-I¿°pw, A`n-
t-Xm-°ƒ°pw, Kmb-I¿°pw a‰p Iem-Im-c-∑m¿°pw
th≠n-am-{X-a√ mSy-imkv{Xw cNn-°-s∏-´Xv F∂p-Xs∂
Icp-X-c-Ww. F∂m¬, Ie-Iƒ kaql ∑-bv°p≈
AYhm temI--∑-bv°p≈ i‡-amb D]m-[n-I-fm-sW-
∂pw, Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ / Iem-Im-cn-Iƒ (m-Sy-{]-tbm-‡m-
°ƒ) {]kvXpX D]m-[n-{]-tbm-K-Øn-p≈ i‡-amb
am[y-a-ß-fm-sW∂pw mSy-im-kv{Xw, bp‡n-bp-‡w
sXfn-bn-°p-∂p-s≠∂ hkvXpX {it≤-b-am-Wv.
Kmm-em-]-w-sIm≠v A·nbpw t]am-cnbpw
D≠mb IY-Iƒ Ωƒ tIń-´p-≠v. Ie-IƒsIm-≠v, kz`m-
h-cq-]o-I-c-W-hpw, ]T--]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw XpSßn tcmK-im-
¥n-hsc km[y-am-sW∂v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ùXn-I-im-
kv{Xhpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. ]co-£-W-ßƒ XpS-cp-∂p.
A[n-Ihpw a‰p cmPy-ß-fn-em-sW-∂p-am-{Xw. k¿Δ-Po-
h-Pm-e-ß-fpsSbpw ∑bv°pw kaql ∑-bv°pw,
temI ∑bv°pw th≠n kpL-Sn-X-am-bn, imkv{Xo-b-
47
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

ambn F{Xtbm Imew ap≥]v Xøm-dm-°nb Hcaqey
]≤Xn Kuc-h-]q¿Δw ]Tn-°-W-sa-∂pw, ]co-£-W-ßƒ
S-Ø-W-sa∂pw ]e `mc-tX-Xc kwkvIm-c-ßfpw Ah-
cpsS Ap-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS ap°v hy‡-am-°n-Ø-∂p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂p- mSy-{]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS Ah-X-c-Whpw a’-
c-hp-a-S-ßp∂ D]-cn-π-h-amb km[y-X-Isf mw i‡-
ambn {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ ta¬∏-d™ "mSy-
Øns‚' An-tj-[y-amb D∂-ß-fn-te-°p≈ {]bm-W-
amtWm F∂p-IqSn Bflm¿∞-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øn, Bh-
iy-amb ]T--˛-]-co-£-W-˛-{]-tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS mSy-{]-tbm-
K-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ Imem-p-k-c-Ww, D∂-ßƒ
sX‰msX {]tbm-Kn-®m¬ kwkvIm-c-Øn-p-Xs∂ ip`-kq-
N-I-ß-fmb am‰-ßƒ kw`-hn-°mw.
36 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ (37 F∂pw ]mT-t`Zw ImWm-
dp-≠v) Bdm-bn-c-Øn-tesd t«mI-ß-fmbn C∂p ap°v
]cn-Nn-X-amb mSy-imkv{Xw A`n-h Kp]vX≥ F∂
Imivaocn ]WvUn-X≥ (Im-e-L´w Dt±iw 950-˛1020 F.-
Un.) Xøm-dm-°nb kwkvIrX `mj-bn-ep≈ hymJym
cq]-Øn-em-Wv. tIc-fobmb {io. sI.-]n. mcm-bW
]jm-scmSn AXns‚ ae-bm-f-Øn-ep≈ hnh¿Øw
Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≠v F∂Xv ap-°-`n-am-n-°m-hp∂
hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. tUm. a≥tam-l≥ tLmjv, tUm. F≥.-
]n. DÆn F∂n-h¿ Cw•ojv `mj-bn-te°pw hnh¿Øw
sNbvXn-´p-≠v. mSy-im-kv{X-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ ]e
Imcy-ßfpw C∂v ap°v ImWp-hmtm tIƒ°p-hmtm
km[n-s®-∂p-h-cn-√. `c-X≥ ]d-™-Xp-t]mse tZi-Im-e-
am-‰-ßƒ BZy-Ime kn≤m¥ßsf am‰n Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-
≠m-h-Ww. mSy-Øns‚ Dt±-iy-ßƒ F°m-eØpw {]k-
‡-am-sW∂v kmamy bp‡n-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a- n-em-
°mw. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Ahbv°v am‰w kw`-hn-°p-
∂Xv A`n-e-j-Wo-b-a-√. {]tbmKw Dt±-in® êw ¬Ip-
∂n-s√-¶n¬, {]kvXpX am‰-ßƒ sX‰m-sW-∂p-Xs∂
ka¿∞n-t°-≠n-h-cpw.
mSy-{]-tbm-‡m-°-f-√m-Ø-h¿, {]tbm-K-Øn-m-h-
iy-amb kmt¶-XnI `mK-ßsf am‰n-n¿Øn, {][m
A≤ym-b-ß-fnse aqey-ßsf Adn-bp-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-
Xp-X-s∂, {]kvXpX {KŸw ]cn-N-b-an-√m-Ø-h¿°p-
t]mepw Ah-c-h-cpsS Ap-`h kº-Ø-p-k-cn®v kaq-
l--∑-°mbn ]eXpw kw`m-h sNøp-hm-p≈ t{]cW
¬Ip-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-Ip-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
mSy-Z¿i--ß-fnse "Ie-Iƒ' F∂ {]tbm-KnI
hn`mKw am{Xw ]cn-tim-[n°mw
Ie-Iƒ A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hu]-Nm-cnI
hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-hm≥ IqSp-X¬ Ignhp In´p-∂p.
IqSmsX hy‡nXz hnIm-khpw km[y-am-Ip-∂p. Ah-
bn¬ {][m--amb 10 Ign-hp-Iƒ ùXnI imkv{X-ßƒ
kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS IrXy-ambn n¿Æ-bn-°-
s∏-ń-´p-≠v. AXn¬n∂v a‰v Ign-hp-Ifpw hnI-kn-°p∂p
F∂pw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. {][m--amb 10 Ign-hp-Iƒ ˛
1. k¿§-i-‡n, 2. Bfl-hn-izm-kw, 3. {]iv ]cn-lm-c-
ti-jn, 4. ÿntcm-’m-lw, 5. hy‡X/IrXy-amb {i≤,
6. ni_vZ Bibhnn-a-bw, 7. {Inbm-fl-I-amb {]Xn-
I-cWw kzoI-cn-°¬, 8. kl-{]-h¿Ø-w, 9. A¿∏-Ww,
10. sNøp∂ {]h¿Øn-bpsS êw IrXy-ambn t_m[n-
∏n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I.
Zriy-I-e-Isf Bkv]-Z-am°n am{X-ap≈ ]T--
ßƒ ¬Ip∂ Adn-hp-Iƒ `mc-Xo-b-cpw, hntZ-in-b-cp-
amb Iem-cw-KsØ ]WvUn-X¿ ]d-™n-cp∂ hkvXp-X-
Iƒ ùXnI imkv{X-Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS sXfn-bn-
°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂v ImWmw.
 ""nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ h∂p-tN-cp∂ s]mSn-]-S-e-
ßsf Bflm-hn¬n∂v o°w sNøp∂p''. ˛
]mtªm ]n°m-tkm.
 ""Zriy-I-e-Iƒ akvXn-jvI-Øns‚ hyXykvX `mK-
ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hnn-a-b-sØbpw Ah-bpsS
GtIm-]--sØbpw IrXy-ambpw i‡-hp-ambn
]ptcm-K-an-°p-hm≥ klm--bn-°p-∂p.'' ˛ New Cog-
nitive Research Out of Germany
 ùXnI Xe-Øn¬ / ImWm-hp∂ icoc `mKsØ
Bkv]-Z-am°n A]-{K-Yn-®m¬, ""Zriy-I-e-Iƒ''
akvXn-jvI-sØ-bmWv ip≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂p-
]-d-bmw.
B[pnI Kth-jWw {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv
˛ ax-imkv{Xw (Psychology) icoc {]h¿Ø
imkv{Xw (Physiology), hnZym-`ymk imkv{Xw (Peda-
gogy) F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-em-Wv. B cwKsØ ]T--ßƒ
49
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv, Zriy-I-e-Iƒ, hy‡n-bpsS BsI-
bp≈ k¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿsb ne-n¿Øp-hm≥ klm-bn-
°p∂p F∂m-Wv. AXv km[y-am-Ip-∂-Xn-p≈ {][m
Imc-W-ßƒ Fs¥-√m-am-sW∂v tm°mw:˛
ZpxJw, thZ XpS-ßnb Akz-ÿ-X-Isf Ipd-
bv°p-∂p. kzbw {]Xn-^-e--hpw, Xs∂-°p-dn-®p≈
Adnhpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. hy‡n-bpsS Btcm-Ky-Ønv
{]Xn-Iq-e-amb kz`m-h-sØ-bpw, Nn¥-bpsS LS--I-
sfbpw am‰p-∂p. lrZ-b-an-Sn∏pw c‡-k-Ω¿±hpw km[m-
cW ne-bn¬ ne-n¿Øp-∂p. akvXn-jv-I-hp-ambn _‘-
s∏´v, ico-c-Øns‚ nc-h[n {]h¿Ø--ßsf nb-{¥n-
°p-∂-Xn¬ {][m ]¶p-h-ln-°p∂ "tIm¿´n-tkmƒ'
F∂ cmk-h-kvXp-hns‚ Afhv {Iao-I-cn-°p-∂p. {]mbw
IqSn-h-cp-tºmƒ D≠m-Im-hp∂ Hm¿Ω-°p-d-hv, ]e-Xcw
imco-cnI Akzm-ÿy-ßƒ, hn´p-am-dmØ tcmK-ß-fpsS
`mcw F∂n-hsb KWy-ambn Ipd-bv°p-∂p. bmYm¿∞y-
ß-fp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-hm-pw, hnIm-c-n-b-{¥-W-Øn-
pw, kl--i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hmpw km[y-am-Ip-∂p.
£oWw kw`-hn® Ah-b-h-ßtfbpw {]h¿Ø--ß-
sfbpw s√mcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]q¿Δm-h-ÿ-bn-te°v Xncn-
®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p.
Iem-]-Tw ]mtTy-X-c-hn-j-b-ambn ImWp-∂Xv
icn-b-s√∂v sXfn-bn-®n-´p≈ ]T--ßƒ nc-h-[n-bm-Wv.
C‚¿s‰v k¿®v F≥Pn-n¬ "role of arts in education'
F∂p sImSp-Øm¬Ø-s∂, sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb FÆ-
a‰ Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw teJ--ßfpw ImWmw. Kth-jW {]_-
‘-ßfpw teJ--ßfpw sse{_dnIfnepw e`y-am-Wv.
Iem-]-Tw ap-jy-i-co-c-Ønepw a- nepw hcp-Øp∂
am‰-ßƒ nco-£n-°p-∂-Xv, `uXnI imkv{X imJ-I-fn¬
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ FMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging), NII (Near-Infrared Imaging), TMS (Trascranial
Magnetic Stimulation), Stereophotogrammetry, LMA (Laban
Movement Analysis) apX-emb B[p-nI kt¶-X-ßƒ D]-
tbm-Kn®p sIm≠p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. akvXn-jvI-Øn¬ hcp∂
LS-m-]-c-hpw, {]h¿Ø kw_-‘n-I-fp-amb am‰-ßsf
Ch-bn-eqsS IrXyambn hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm≥ km[y-am-Wv.
Iem-]-T kw_-‘n-I-fmb {]kvXpX hnj-b-
ßƒ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn® ]WvUn-X¿ ncm-I-cn-°m-m-
hmØ, hkvXp-n-jvT-amb C{Xbpw Adn-hp-Iƒ ap°v
¬Ip-∂-Xn-eqsS ]pcm-X `mc-Xob "mSy Z¿i--ßƒ'
tIhew "Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p-th≠ am¿§-tc-J-Iƒ'
am{X-am-sW∂ atm-`mhw amtd≠ kabw AXn-{I-an-
®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p-IqSn a- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ico-c-hpw,
51
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
a pw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {]mb-Øn-emWv Ie-
Iƒ A`y-kn-t°-≠-Xv. Hcp Iebpw "D≈n-se-
¶nepw' C√mØ Hcp hy‡n D≠m-hp-I-bn-√m. ]uc-
kvXyhpw ]m›m-Xy-hp-amb Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS Zm¿i-n-
I-hpw, temI-Ønp kw`m-h sNbvX hnJym-X-mb
]WvUn-X-mWv {ioe-¶≥ ]uc-m-bn-cp∂ Bμ
sI‚njv Ipac kzman. At±-l-Øns‚ G‰hpw i‡hpw
kXy-hp-amb Hcp ho£Ww Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Hm¿°p-
∂Xv {]k-‡-am-bn-cn-°pw. "Iem-Im-c≥ Hcp {]tXy-I-
Xcw hy‡n-b-√. F∂m¬, Hmtcm hy‡n-bnepw Hcp
{]tXy-I-Xcw Iem-Im-c-p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.'
ΩpsS hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-
tØm-sS-bmWv Iem-]-Tw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv F∂v
hkvXp-n-jvT-ambn A]-{K-Yn®v hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. AXn¬ hcp∂ ndhpw Ipd-hpw, hcpw Xe-ap-d-I-
fpsS ico-c-sØ-bpw, a- n-sbpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-
Øns‚ LS--sbbpw kwkvIm-c-sØ-bp-amWv kzm[o-
n-°pI F∂ kXyw nc-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ ap-s°-
√m-h¿°pw Cuiz-cm-p-{K-l-ap-≠m-I-s´.

Iem hnP-b≥
rØw {]mW-hm-bp-hmbn
Icp-Xp∂ Iem-Im-cn.
Ggp ]Xn-‰m≠v ImesØ
Ap-`h kº-Øv.
“tamln-n-bm´w˛Adn-tb-≠-sX√mw”
F∂ _p°ns‚ {KŸ I¿Ømhv.
{]i-kvX-cmb Iem-a-WvUew
IrjvW≥ mbcptSbpw
Iem-a-WvUew
I√ym-Wn-°p-ń-b-ΩbpsSbpw
aIƒ.
t^m¨: 99474 80119
mSy-Øns‚ KpWw
mZm-fl-I-mb {io]-c-ta-iz-cpw mZ-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmb ]cm-i-‡n-bp-
amWv mSy-I-e-bpsS A[n-jvTm tZh-X-Iƒ. Ch-cpsS XmWvU-h-em-ky-
rØw {]]-©-Ønse k¿hNcm-N-c-ß-fnepw nd-™p-n¬°p-∂p.
`K-hms‚ S-cm-P-in¬] cq]w hfsc {]kn-≤-am-Wv. B cq]-Ønv
sshin-jvSy-am¿∂ k¶¬∏-am-Wp-≈-Xv. NXp¿`pP cq]-Øn-ep≈ `K-hms‚
apI-fnse heXp Iøn¬ ]nSn-®n-cn-°p∂ Uacp, {]]-©-Ønse BZy mZ-
sØ-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv krjvSn-bpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv. apI-fn¬ CSXp
Iønse A·n-bm-Is´ kwlm-c-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. amb, hn{`m-¥n, A⁄m-
w, adhn XpS-ßnb Xtam-Kp-W-ßsf {]Xn-n-[mw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ _o`-
’-cq-]n-bmb A]-kvam-csØ heXp Im¬sIm≠v Nhp-ń-]n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
CSXp ]mZ-ap-b¿Øn AXv B{ibÿm-am-sW∂v CSXp Iøm¬ ZWvU-
53
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
{]i-kvX-cmb Iem-a-WvUew IrjvW≥ mbcpw ]Xvn Iem-a-WvUew I√ym-Wn-°p-ń-b-Ωbpw

lkvX ap{Z-sIm≠v kqNn-∏n-°p-
∂p. Xmsg heXp Iøn¬ B{in-
X¿°v A`bw ¬Ip-∂-Xmbn A`-
b-ap{Z ]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. `K-hms‚
Imen¬ q]p-chpw amdn¬ ]qWp-
q-ep-ap-≠v. rØw sNøp-tºmƒ
Ccp-h-i-ß-fn-te°pw PS NnXdn
n¬°p-∂p. Xe-bnse PS-s°-ń¬
N{μ-°-ebpw KwKm--Znbpw [cn-®n-
cn-°p-∂p. KwK Poh-m-h-iy-amb
Pe-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv. heXp
ImXn¬ apX-ebpw CS-Xn¬
PnwKnbpw [cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Igp-
Øn¬ cp{Zm-£-am-e-Ifpw k¿∏-
ßfpap≠v. aq∂mw Xr°-Æmb
⁄m-ZrjvSn A⁄m-sØ in-
∏n-°p-∂p. hn{K-l-Øns‚ ]pd-
Inse {]`°v Pohm-flm-°sf ]c-
am-flm-hn-te°v tbmPn-∏n-°p∂
k¶-ev]-am-Wp-≈-Xv. {]]-©-Ønse
k¿h-N-e--ß-fp-sSbpw Dd-hn-S-amb
`K-hms‚ Xmf-e-bm-fl-IXz {][m-
-amb rØ-Øns‚ {]Im-i--
amWv ]pd-In¬ hrØm-Im-c-Øn¬
ImWp∂ {]` F∂pw Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.
{]]-©-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-
°p∂ rØ-Ønv C∂pw am‰-sam-
∂p-an-√. sImSp-¶m-‰n¬ BSn-bp-e-
bp∂ hr£-ß-fpsS kwlm-c-Xm-
WvU-hhpw AXnv Xmf-mZ Kmwò-
cyhpw ¬Ip∂ taL-K¿÷--hpw, aμ-am-cp-X-t-‰p-e-
bp∂ hr£-e-Xm-Zn-Isf atm-l-c-ambn Ap-K-an-°p-∂,
apf-¥-≠p-°-fn-eqsS HgpIn-sb-Øp∂ KoX-[z-nbpw
{]Ir-Xn-bnse AN-c-ß-fpsS rØ-am-Wv. ]oen-hn-S¿Øn-
bm-Sp∂ abn-ep-I-fpsS atm-lc rØhpw hb¿
ndsb ]mep-Ip-Sn®tijw arK-ß-fpsS Ip™p-ßƒ
Xp≈n-®m-Sn-°-fn-°p∂ B-μ-Xm-WvU-hhpw ΩpsS
IÆnv Ipfn¿a ¬Ip-∂p. {]IrXn AXns‚ rØw
A`w-Kpcw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.
BZna ap-jy¿ kt¥mj thf-I-fnepw `‡n
n¿`-c-ambpw sNbvXp-t]m-∂n-cp∂ {]mIr-X-rØw
A¬]kz¬] hyXym-k-ß-tfmsS C∂pw BZn-hm-kn-
Iƒ XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂p.
ImSv mSm-hp-Ibpw `mjbpw kwkvIm-chpw
hf¿∂p hnI-kn-°bpw sNbvX-tXm-sSm∏w hnhn[ Ime-
cq-]-ßfpw ]nd-∂p, hf¿∂p, hnI-kn-®p. C∂v Adp-]-
Øn-mep Ie-I-fp-≈-Xmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah-bn¬
rØ-KoX hmZy-I-e-Iƒ°v hfsc {]m[m-y-ap-≠v.
mSy-I-e-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Isf hfsc hnkvX-
cn®p {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Hcp al-Ømb imkv{X {KŸ-
amWv `c-X-ap-n-bpsS mSy-im-kv{Xw. mSy-I-e-bpsS
AXn-kq-£va-amb `mK-ß-sf-t∏mepw hfsc hnkvX-cn®v
ap∏-Øn-bmdv A≤ym-b-ß-fn-eqsS `mc-Xo-b¿°v kΩm-n®
mSy-Øns‚ hn⁄m tImi-amWv mSy-im-kv{Xw.
]ecpw mSy-im-kv{X-Ønv ]e-hn[ hymJym--ßfpw
¬In-bn-´p-≠v. {io. sI.-]n. mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn `c-X-ap-
55
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

n-bpsS mSy-im-kv{XsØ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hnh¿Øw
sNbvXv tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan hgn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-
®n-´p-≠v.
mSy-thZw
tZhm-Zn-tZ-h-∑m-cpsS Bh-iy-{]-Imcw mSy-thZw
krjvSn-®Xv {_“m-hm-Wv. [¿Ω {][m-hpw kpJ-a-b-
hp-amb IrX-bpKw Ign™v t{XXm-bpKw XpS-ßn-b-
tXmsS temI¿ thZw a- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-
h-cmbn. Ima-tem-`m-Zn-Ifpw Akq-bbpw am’-cyhpw
nd™ Zp¿am¿Kn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂ P-ßsf k∑m¿§-
Øn-te°p bn-°p-hm≥ Fs¥-¶nepw sNø-W-sa∂v
tZh-∑m¿ {_“m-hn-tm-S-t]-£n-®p. {_“mhv [ym-n-c-
X-mbn D]mbw Btem-Nn-®p.
""[¿Ωy-a¿∞yw bi-kyw N
tkm]-tZiw k kw{Klw
`hn-jy-X› temIky
k¿Δ I¿Ωmp Z¿iIw
k¿him-kvXm¿∞ kº∂w
k¿h inev] {]h¿ØIw
mSymJyw ]©aw thZw
tkXn-lmkw Itcm-aylw
Ghw k¶ev]y `K-hm≥
k¿h-th-Zm-p-kva-c≥
mSy-thZw XX-›t{I
NXp¿th-ZmwK kw`hw
(m-Sy-imkv{Xw A≤ymbw ˛ 1 t«mIw 9)
[¿ΩmZn ]pcp-jm¿∞-ßsf km[n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw
lrZyX nanØw GXp P-ßƒ°pw BI¿j-Wo-b-
am-Ip-∂Xpw Io¿Øn-bp-≠m-°p-∂Xpw D]-tZ-i-ßƒ
Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xpw {]Xy-£-ambn ImWm-hp-∂-Xn-m¬
hy‡-ambn a- n-em-°m-hp-∂Xpw `mhn temI-Ønv
F√m I¿Ω-ß-sfbpw XpS¿®-bmbn ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-
∂Xpw KoX-hmZy rØm-Zn-I-fmb kIe Iem-imkv{X
hnj-b-ßfpw tN¿∂Xpw Nn{X-Ie in¬]-Ie XpS-ßn-
bh AS-ßn-bXpw CXn-hrØ hnti-j-ßsf Ah-ew-
_n-°p-∂-Xp-amb mSy-sa∂ t]cn¬ A©m-a-sXmcp
thZw Rm≥ n¿Ωn-°p-∂p≠v F∂v k¶¬∏n-®-tijw
{_“-tZ-h≥ mep thZ-ß-fn-tebpw kmcmwiw Dƒs°m-
≈n-®p-sIm≠v n¿Ωn® ]©-a-th-Z-amWv mSy-th-Zw.
EtKz-Z-Øn¬ n∂v hmtIym-®m-c-Whpw kma-th-
Z-Øn¬ n∂v KoXbpw bPp¿ thZ-Øn¬ n∂v AwKm-
`n--b-ßfpw AY¿h thZ-Øn¬ n∂v ck-`m-hm-Zn-I-fp-
amWv ]©-a-th-Z-Øn¬ tZh≥ Dƒs°m-≈n-®-Xv.
F∂m¬ tZh-∑m-sc-°mƒ thZ-X-Xz-⁄cpw ZrV-
{hXw Ap-jvTn-°p-∂-h-cp-amb al¿jn-am¿t° mSy-
thZw icn-bmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-sh-∂-Xn-
m¬ {_“mhv `c-X-ap-n°mWv Cu thZw D]-tZ-in-®-
Xv. `c-X-apn Xs‚ qdp-]p-{X-∑m-scbpw mSyw A`y-kn-
∏n-®p. hmNnI {][m--amb `mc-Xn-hr-Ønbpw `mhm-`n-b
{][m--amb kmXzXn hrØnbpw AwK-N-e {][m--
ß-fmb Bc-`-Sn-hr-Ønbpw apn-am¿ A`y-kn-®p. inh-
i-‡n-am-cpsS emky-`w-Kn-bm¿∂ ssIin-In-hrØn A`y-
kn-®Xv {_“mhv krjvSn® Ccp-]-Øn-mev A]vk-c- p-
I-fm-Wv. mc-Z-ap-n-bpsS Kmm-em-]-tØm-sSm∏w Ghcpw
S-cmP aq¿Øn°p ap∂n¬, [ztPm-’-h-Ønse Ac-
tß-‰-Øn-p-ti-jw, mSy-thZw AXn-kp-μ-c-ambnØs∂
Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬ rØ-Øn¬ Xs‚ AwK-lm-c-
ßfpw Ic-W-ßfpw IqSn tN¿°p-hm≥ alm-tZ-h≥
XWvUp-hns ntbm-Kn-®p. Aßns XWvUp ]Tn-∏n®
XmWvU-hhpw rØ-Øn¬ ebn-®p. kpIp-amc {][m--
amb emkyw mSy-Øn¬ ebn-∏n-®Xv {io]m¿h-Xn-bm-Wv.
C{]-Imcw temI-kw-c-£-Wm¿∞w Zriyhpw
{ihyhpw tN¿∂ mSy-thZw {_“mhv temI-Ønp
ka¿∏n®p. `c-X-ap-n-bpsS ]p{X-∑m¿ mSy-thZw `qan-
bn¬ {]N-cn-∏n-®p. F∂m¬ AXnp ap≥]pw mSyw `qan-
bn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v mSy-im-kv{X-Ønse ap∏-Øn-
bm-dm-a-≤ym-b-Øn¬Øs∂ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
""]nXm-a-l-Kr-tl-kvamI˛
taXZ¥x ]ptc-Pt
]nXm-al {Inbm-bp-‡˛
ap¿Δiym k{º-h¿ØnXw''
(t«mIw 50)
lp-js‚ ]nXm-a-l-mb ]pcp-cp-h v kz¿§m-
[n-]-Xn-bmbn kz¿§-Øn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ kpc-¿Ø-In-
bmb D¿Δ-in-bpsS rØ-Øn¬ BIr-jvS-m-hp-Ibpw
D¿Δ-insb `qan-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h∂v Xs‚ A¥:∏pc-
Øn¬ hmgn-°bpw sNbvXp. D¿Δ-in-bm-Is´ A¥:∏pc
kv{XoIƒ°p rØw D]-tZ-in®tijw Ipd-®p-Imew
Ign™v kz¿§-Øn-te°p Xs∂ Xncn-®p-t]m-bn. CXn¬
aw-sm¥ cmPm-hnv D∑mZw _m[n-°bpw cmPm-hn-tm-
sSm∏w Xs∂ A¥:∏pc kv{XoIƒ°pw miw kw`-hn-
°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]pcmW IY-bmb alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬,
]mWvU-h-∑m-cnse A¿÷p-≥ kz¿§-Øn¬ sN∂-
57
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

t∏mƒ rØw A`y-kn-®p-sh∂pw A⁄mX hmk-°m-
eØv hncmS cmPs‚ cmP-[m-n-bn¬ Xma-kn-®p-sIm≠v
cmPm-hns‚ aIƒ DØ-csb rØw A`y-kn-∏n-®-Xmbpw
ImWp-∂p. C{]-Imcw ]e L´-ß-fn-embn `qan-bn¬
]ecpw mSyw {]N-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. Ah aßnbpw ad™pw
ho≠pw ]p-cp-≤-cn-°-s∏´pw ne-n-∂p-t]m-cn-I-bm-Wv.
C∂v temI-sa-ºmSpw Hcp Xc-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰m-
cp-X-c-Øn¬ mSy-I-e°p {]Nm-c-ap-≠v. `mc-X-Øn¬ A-
h[n rØ-I-em-cq-]-ßƒ ne-hn-ep-≠v. mSy-im-kv{X-
Øn¬ hnh-cn-®-Xp-t]mse NXp¿hn-[m-`n--b-ß-tfmsS
imkv{Xob coXn-bn¬ rØ-I-e-Iƒ Z£nW `mc-X-Øn-
emWv I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. C{X-b-[nIw rØ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ
Z£nW `mc-X-Øn-ep-≠m-Im≥ F¥mImw ImcWw!
ChnsS Rm≥tI´ Hcp ]pcm-W-IY hnh-cn-°mw.
lna-h¬ ]p{Xnbpw Ap-]a kpμ-cn-bp-amb
{io]m¿ΔXo tZhnsb `K-hm≥ ]c-a-in-h≥ hnhmlw
Ign°p-∂-XmWv kμ¿`w. tZh-∑mcpw `qX-K-W-ßfpw
A]vk-c- p-Ifpw b£-K-‘¿h-∑mcpw Ejn-I-fp-sa√mw
lnam-e-b-Øn¬ HØpIq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. `qan ]Xps°
DØ-c-Zn-i-bn-te°p sNcn-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßn. `qan-bpsS
k¥p-e-m-hkvY sX‰p-∂-Xp-I≠ `K-hm≥ ]c-a-in-h≥
AK-kvXy-ap-n-tbmSv sX°p-Zn-i-tm°n t]mIp-hm-p-]-
tZ-in-®p. AK-kvXy-apn Z£nW `mc-X-Øn-te°p bm{X-
bm-bn. hn‘ym-]¿hXw Xm≠n Chn-sS-sb-Ønb apn-
h-cy≥ ChnsS A-h[n B{i-a-ßƒ ÿm]n-®p. sshZy-
im-kv{Xw, tPmXn-im-kv{Xw, KWn-X-imkv{Xw XpS-ßnb
imkv{X-ßfpw `mjbpw kwkvIm-c-hp-sa√mw kº-∂-
am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv Cu B{i-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-W-s{X.
Hcp ]s£ `c-X-]p-{X-∑mcpw Z£nW `mc-X-Øn¬
hkn-®p-sIm≠v Chn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°v mSy-thZw D]-tZ-
in-®p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ Ejnhcy-∑m-cmb `c-
X-]p-{X-∑m¿ {]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse mSy-thZw AtX-
]Sn Ap-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[m-cW ap-jy-cm¬ km≤y-
a-√. AXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°mw Cu mSy-Ie ]e Awi-
ß-fmbn th¿s]´v Hmtcm mSns‚ kwkvIm-c-Øn--p-
k-cn®v hyXykvX cq]-Øn¬ hf¿∂p hnI-kn®v h∂-
Xv. tamln-n-bm-´-Øns‚ D≤m-c-I-bmb {ioaXn Iem-a-
WvUew I√ym-Wn-°p-´n-bΩ CXns C{]-Imcw hnh-£n-
°p-∂p. ""Hcp ae-bn¬ n∂p-¤-hn® Zn ]e-ssI-h-gn-
I-fmbv ]ncn™v mm-`m-K-tØbv°v HgpIp-tºmƒ
AXmXv tZi-ß-fnse `qÿn-Xnbpw ÿe-Im-e-t`-Z-ßfpw
Ap-k-cn®v hnhn[ cq]-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xp-
t]msebmWv `mc-X-Øn¬ rØ-Ie, tamln-n-bm-´w,
IY-Ifn, `c-X-m-Syw, Ip®n-∏p-Un, HUnkn, aWn-∏q-cn, IYIv
XpS-ßnb hnhn[ cq]-ß-fmbn ]cn-W-an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw AwK-hn-t£-]-ß-fn-eq-
sSbpw A`n-bw ImgvN-h-bv°p-∂ knn-a, mSIw XpS-
ßnb Iem-cq-]-ßfpw mSy-th-Z-Øns‚ Xs∂ `mK-ß-
fmWv. ]WvUn-Xcpw ]maccpamb GXp-P--ßƒ°pw
ckn-°m≥ km[n-°p∂ Cu hn`m-K-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw mSy-
im-kv{X-Øn¬ hnkvX-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. kw`m-j-Whpw,
kwKo-Xhpw, AwtKm-]mw-K-{]-Xyw-K-ß-fpsS Xmfm-ﬂ-I-
amb Ne--ßfpw tN¿∂ A`n--b-amWv imkv{Xob Ie-
59
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

bmb IqSn-bm-´w, Hm´≥ Xp≈≥ XpS-ßnb Ie-Ifpw
ImgvN-sh-bv°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ kw`m-j-W-an-√msX KoX-
hm-Zy-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-bp≈ A`n-bw sshhn-
[y-am¿∂ AwK-N-e--ß-tfmsS {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ Ie-I-
fmWv IY-I-fn, tamln-n-bm-´w, `c-X-m-Syw XpS-ßnb a‰v
rØIem-cq-]-ßƒ. P-ßsf k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v bn-
°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wt√m mSy-I-e-bpsS Dt±-iyw. mSy-im-
kv{X-Øns‚ Awi-ßfmb Cu Iem-cq-]-ßsf√mw ]pcm-
W-I-Y-I-fnse `‡n-{]-[m--amb `mK-ßsf P-ßƒ°v
a-kn-em-Ipw-hn[w {]Z¿in∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-am-{X-a√
km[m-cW I≠p-h-cp∂ Pohn-X-Ønse icn-tbbpw
sX‰n-tbpw hna¿in®psIm≠p≈ cwK-ßfpw Cu Iem-
cq-]-ßƒ {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p.
rXy-I-e-Iƒ, kmln-Xy-`m-KsØ Km-ambn Be-
]n-°p-tºmƒ AXn-smØ ap{Z-{]-tbm-K-ß-tfm-sSbpw
Ah-bvs°mØ AwK-N-e--ß-tfm-sSbpw A`n--b-{]-Im-
i--tØm-sSbpw t{]£I lrZ-b-ß-fn-tebv°v IS-∂p-
sN-√p∂ rØ-Ønv KoX-sØ-t∏m-se-Xs∂ hmZyhpw
Hcp i_vZ-k-lm-bn-bmbn n¬°p-∂p. C{]-Imcw KoX-
hm-Zy-r-Ø-ß-fmb "Xucy-{XnIw' mSy-th-Z-Øns‚ Dt±-
i-ip-≤nsb km[y-am-°p-∂p.
rØ-Øn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ ktμiw t{]£-I¿
kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. rØw sNøp∂
¿Ø-I-m-Is´ rØ-{]-tbmKw imco-cn-I-hpw, Bﬂo-
b-hp-amb KpW-ßsf {]Zmw sNøp-∂p.- ]p-cm-W `‡n-
{]-[m--ß-fmb IY-Iƒ°v DNn-X-amb kmlnXy
krjvSn°v Ap-k-cn®v KoX-hm-Zy-ßfpsS klm-b-
tØmsS rØw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ¿Ø-Iv ]pcm-W-
Øn¬ ]cn-⁄mw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. Nne IY-I-fnse
kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Nne-{]-tXyI IY-I-fpsS kqN D≠m-
bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Ønv XymK-cmP kzman-I-fpsS
hfsc {]i-kvX-amb sXep¶v Io¿Ø--sa-Sp-°mw.
AXn¬ ""hmc-W-cm-Ppp t{_mhp thKth'' F∂
`mKw KtP-{μ-tam£w IY-sb-bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.
"mco--aWn' F∂p-Xp-S-ßp∂ hcn-I-fn¬ ]m©m-en-bpsS
hkv{Xm-t£] cwKhpw XpS¿∂v `K-hm≥ hkv{Xw
¬In Ap-{K-ln-°p∂ `mK-ßfpw A`n--bn-°-Ww.
"ocm-Pm£n' F∂p XpS-ßp∂ hcn-bn¬ tkXp-_-‘-
hpw cma-cm-hW bp≤hpw koXm kzoI-c-W-hp-amWv
Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. C{]-Imcw kmln-Xy-Ønse kqN--
Iƒ°-p-k-cn-®p≈ IY-Iƒ S≥ t{]£-Ip a- n-
em-Ipw-hn[w kwhn-[mw sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.
F∂m¬ "IcpWsNbvhms¥p Xmakw IrjvW' F∂
Io¿Ø--Øn¬ ""ic-Wm-K-X-∑m¿°n-jvS-h-c-Zmw
61
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
sNbvXp'' F∂ hcn-bn¬ Hcp {]tXyI IYsb kqNn-
∏n-°p-∂n-√. Cßn-s-bp≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ `‡-{]n-b-
mb IrjvW `K-hms‚ `‡-hm-’-eysØ {]Im-in-∏n-
°p∂ GXp IY-th-W-sa-¶nepw Sn-°mw. IptN-e≥,
Ipdq-c-Ω, hnez-aw-K-ew, ]q¥mw XpS-ßnb `‡-in-tcm-
a-Wn-I-fpsS B{Kl nhrØn S-Ønb `K-hms‚ Imcp-
WysØ tZymXn-∏n-°p∂ GXp IYbpw Cu Io¿Ø
`mKØv Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn Sn-°mw. rØw sNøp-
hm-m-h-iy-amb ]pcm-W-⁄mw Sp e`n-°p∂
Bﬂo-b-amb Btcm-Ky-am-Wv.
a- np th≠{X GIm-{KX e`n-°p-hm≥ rØ-
{]-tbmKw ∂m-Wv. Xe-bn¬ Hcp Pe-Ipw`w sh®v,

ssII-fn¬ Xmew ]nSn-®v, KoX-hm-Zy-ß-fpsS {]tbm-K-
ß-tfm-sSmØv apJsØ D]mw-K-ßƒ atm-l-c-ambn Nen-
∏n-®v, Imep-IƒsIm≠v rØ-®p-h-Sp-Iƒ sh°p∂
¿Ø-Iv a- ns ]q¿Æ-ambpw GIm-{K-X-bn¬
sIm≠p-h-cp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.
"kØv' F∂m¬ a v F∂m-W¿∞w. Hcp IY
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ AXnse Hmtcm IYm-]m-{X-Øn-
s‚bpw hyXykvX kz`m-h-ßsf Dƒs°m≠v X∑-b-Xz-
tØmsS AXmXp IYm-]m-{X-ßsf A`n--b-Øn-eqsS
Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s-bmWv kmXzn-Im-`n-bw F∂p-]-
d-bp-∂-Xv. Xn∑-bpsS ta¬ ∑-bpsS Pb-am-Wt√m F√m
]pcmW IY-I-fn-tebpw {]ta-bw. cmam-bWw IY-bnse
cmas‚ ∑-tbbpw cmh-Ws‚ Xn∑-tbbpw amdn amdn
Sn-°p∂ S≥ kmXzn-Im-`n--b-Øn-eqsS Abm-f-dn-bm-
sX-Xs∂ Abm-fpsS a- ns ip≤o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p-∂p.
rØ-Ie "tbmK'°p Xpey-am-Wv. ]flm-k-w,
ie-`m-k-w, ihm-k-w, lwkm-kw XpSßn nc-h[n
Bk--ßƒ tbmK-bn-ep-≠v. Ch-bn¬ ]eXpw rØw
sNøp-tºmƒ AwK-N-e--ß-fn-eqsS h∂pwt]mbp-an-cn-
°p-∂p. GsX-¶nepw Hcmk--Øn-en-cp∂v tbmKn
sNøp∂ {]mWm-bmaw izmtkm-Ozm-k-Øns‚ IW-°n-
e-[n-jvTn-X-am-W-t√m. rØw sNøp-tºmƒ KoX hmZy-
ßƒs°m-cp-an®v Nu°-a-≤ya {ZpX-Xm-f-ß-fn-eqsS
AwtKm-]mwK {]Xyw-K-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp
{]tXyI IW-°-p-k-cn®v izmtkm-—z-k-Øn¬ hcp∂
{Iaw {]mWm-bm-a-Ønp Xpey-amWv. ico-c-Øns‚
inc p apX¬ ]mZw-h-sc-bp≈ Hmtcm `mK-Ønpw
{]tXyIw {]tXyIw hymbm-a-ß-fp-≠v. ip≤-P-ew, ip≤-
hm-bp, √ `£Ww F∂nh F{]-Imcw Btcm-Ky-Øn-
m-h-iy-amtWm A{X-Xs∂ {]m[m-y-ap-≈-XmWv imco-
cnI hymbm-a-hpw, apJsØ D]mw-K-ßƒ, Igp-Øv,
tXmƒ, ssIIƒ, ssII-fpsS aWn-_-‘w, Ac-s°-´v,
Im¬ap-´v, ]mZ-ßƒ, hnc-ep-Iƒ, hnc-ep-I-fpsS k‘n-
Iƒ F∂n-h-s°√mw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hymbm-a-ß-
fp-s≠-∂Xv rØ-Øns‚ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. izmtkm-—zm-
kw, c‡-Nw-{I-aWw F∂nh kpK-a-ambn S-°p-hm-pw,
DZ-c-tcm-Kw, izmk-tIm-i-tcm-Kw, k‘n-tcmKw XpS-ßn-bh
C√m-Xm-°mpw Hcp]-cn-[n-hsc Cu hymbm-aw-sIm≠v
km[n-°p-∂p-≠v.
C{]-Imcw imco-cn-I-hpw, Bflo-bhpw hn⁄m-
-{]-Z-hp-amb KpW-ßƒ ¬Ip∂ mSy-th-Z-amWv
{_“mhv krjvSn-®-Xv. S-cm-P-aq¿Øn-bmb `K-hm-s‚bpw
emky-tZ-h-X-bmb {io]m¿h-Xn-bp-sSbpw rØ-ßsf
ka-z-bn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v {_“mhv krjvSn® mSy-thZw `c-
X-apn mSy-im-kv{X-ambn temI¿°p ¬In.
mSy-Øns‚ KpWw {]Io¿Øn-°p∂ [mcmfw
t«mI-ßƒ mSy-im-kv{X-Øn-ep-≠v. Ah-bn¬ NneXv
Xmsg tN¿°p-∂p.
""atl-iz-c-ky -N-cnXw
b CZw kw{]-tbmPtbXv
k¿h]m]hnip-≤mflm
inh-temIw kK-—Xn''
(m-em-a-≤ymbw t«mIw ˛ 244)
]c-ta-izc IrX-amb rØw Cu hn[w Bcp
{]tbm-Kn-°p-∂thm Abmƒ F√m ]m]hpw Xo¿Øv
Bfl-ip-≤n-h∂v inh-temIw {]m]n-°pw.
""Km‘¿hw tNl -m-Syw N
b: kayIv ]cn-]m-e-tbXv
e`tX kZvKXnw- ]pWymw
kaw {_“¿jn-`n¿∂c:''
(36-˛mw A≤ymbw t«mIw ˛ 69)
kwKo-X-tØbpw mSy-tØbpw BcmtWm th≠-
Xp-t]mse ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂Xv B Bƒ°v {_“¿jn-I-
sf-t∏mse ]pWy-amb kZvKXn e`n-°pw.
""X XYm K‘-am-tey
tZhmkvXp-jy¥n ]qPnXm:
bYm -m-Sy-{]-tbm-K-kvssX¿˛
nXyw Xpjy-¥n- aw-Ksse:''
(36-˛mw A≤ymbw t«mIw ˛ 68)
N{μ-mZn K‘-{Z-hy-ßƒ sIm≠pw ame-
IƒsIm≠pw (]p-jv]w) ]qPn-®m¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂-Xn-
ep-a-[nIw mSy-{]-tbm-K-Ønse awKfZriy-ßƒsIm≠v
tZh-∑m¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p.
mSy-Ie aßnbpw ad™pw ho≠pw sXfn™pw
ne-n-∂p-t]m-cp-∂-Xmbn Rm≥ Cu teJ--Øn¬ kqNn-
∏n-®n-´p-≠v. h¿j-ßƒ°v ap≥]v mSy-I-e-bpsS ta∑ a-
n-em-°msX P-ßƒ AXns ]p—n-®n-cp-∂p-h-s{X. F∂m-
en∂v mSy-Kp-W-ßƒ a- n-em°n AXv A`y-kn-°p-hm≥
P-ßƒ apt∂m´v h∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ayqkn°v
sXdm∏n sIms≠-∂-t]mse Um≥kv sXdm-∏n-sIm≠pw
tcmK-im¥n e`n-°p-hm-mbn {ian-°p∂ Hcp kwL--S-
bpsS ta[m-hn-bmWv Fs‚ injy tim`m ºq-Xn-cn.
temI--∑-°mbn tZh-∑m¿ ¬Inb mSy-Øns‚
KpWw CXn¬ ns∂√mw ap°v a- n-em-°m-a-t√m.
63
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

ßym-c-Ω-°qØv ˛ `mhm-`n--b-Øns‚
al-Ømb km£m-XvImcw
kwkvIrX mS-I-Øns‚ cwKm-h-X-c-W-amWv IqSn-bm-´w. GXm≠v c≠m-
bncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ap≈ kwkvIrX mS-I-thZn Ggmw iXIw apX¬
`mc-XØn¬ £bn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. Ipe-ti-Jc h¿Ωs‚ kw`m-h--Iƒ ]Xn-
sm∂mw q‰m-≠n¬ Cu cwKØv ]pØ-p-W¿Δp≠m°n. cwK-t_m-[-ap≈
Hcp mSIIrØpw kwhn-[m-b-I-p-am-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. mS-I-ß-fpsS cwK-
]m-T-tØm-sSm∏w At±lw cNn® kp`-{Zm-[--RvP-bhpw X]Xo kwh-c-Whpw
C∂pw P-{]oXn tSnb c≠p IqSn-bm-´-ß-fm-Wv. Ipe-ti-J-c≥ XpS-ßn-
sh® am‰-ßƒ At±-l-Ønp tijw-h∂ kwhn-[m-b-Icpw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p.
`mk-m-S-I-ß-fmb `K-h-Z-÷p-Iw, aØ-hn-emkw F∂n-h-tbm-sSm∏w IeymW
kuK-‘n-Iw, B›-cy-Nq-Um-aWn F∂n-hbpw ]pXnb cq]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-
°-s∏-´p.
IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ kv{Xo IYm-]m-{X-ßsf kv{XoIƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv
cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. kp`-{Zm-[--RvPbw IqSn-bm-´-Ønse mbnI
kp`-{Z-bpsS tXmgn-bmb Iev]-e-Xn-I-bpsS n¿Δ-l-W-ambn (]q¿Δ-I-Ym-I-
Y-w) {ioIrjvW IY h¿Æn-°p∂Xnv {ioIrjvW NcnXw F∂-t]-cn¬
B´-{]-Im-chpw ne-hn-ep-≠v. CXmWv ]n∂oSv ßym¿°qØv F∂t]cn¬
kzX-{¥-I-em-cq-]-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv. ]pXnb ]e Nn´-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Ifpw Cu
cwKØv D≠m-bn-´p-≠v.
ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øns‚ DXv]-Øn-tbbpw hnI-k--tØbpw kw_-‘n®v
ck-I-c-amb Hcp IY-bp-≠v. AXv ]mWn-]m-Z Xne-I≥ ]ﬂ{io ]n.-sI.
65
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
sI.-]n. ANyp-X≥
A¥¿tZ-iob IqSn-bm´
tI{μ-Øns‚ amt-PnwKv {SÃn
ap≥ Ib¿ t_m¿Uv
tPm: Ub-d-IvS¿,
]q¿Æ-{X-boi kwKoX
kw]q¿Æ-{X-boi tkhm-kwLw
]o∏nƒkv A¿_≥
kl-I-cW _m¶v
almﬂ hmb ime,
Xr∏q-Wn-ØpdIY-Ifn tI{μw
F∂n-h-bn¬ nÆm-bI
tXrXzw hln-®n-´p-≠v.
Xr∏q-Wn-Øp-d-bnse hnhn[
kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-I-fnse
nd km∂n-≤yw.

mcm-b-W≥ ºym¿ At±-l-Øns‚ {ioIrjvW NcnXw
ßym-c-Ω-°qØv F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-
∂p-≠v. AXv C{]-Im-c-amWv ""Cu {ioIrjvW NcnXw
IqØns‚ (-ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øn-s‚) D¤-hsØ kw_-
‘n®p ]d-™p-tI-´n-´p≈ sFXnlyw CXm-Wv. Hcp Ipe-
ti-Jc h¿Ω≥ mS-Im-`n--b-Øn¬ {]K-ev`-bmb Hcp
ßym-c-Ωsb Ah-cpsS Iem-ssh-`hw I≠v hnhmlw
sNøp-hm≥ CS-bmbn. Ah-cn¬ n∂p-≠mb k¥m
]c-º-csb kap-Zm-b-Ønse Nne-cpsS hntcm[w ImcWw
{`jvS-∑m-sc-t∏mse h¿÷n®p n¿Øn. AX-dn™v B
]c-º-c-bn¬s∏-´-h¿°p Xs‚ kwÿm--Øp≈ t£{X-
ß-fn¬ IqØv S-Øp-hm≥ {]tXyIw Ap-hmZw
¬Ip-Ibpw Ah¿°v A`n--bn-°m≥ {]tXy-I-ambn
kp`-{Zm-[--RvPbw mS-I-Øn¬ c≠m-a-¶-Ønse tNSn-
bpsS n¿Δ-lW kzcq-]-ambn Cu {ioIrjvW NcnXw
D≠m°n A`n--bn-∏n®v A∂v F√m t£{X-ß-fnepw
k¿Δ-{]-[m--ambn B≠p-tXmdpw ASn-b-¥c IqØmbn
S-Øn-°p-Ibpw ßym-c-Ω-am-cpsS Ac-ßp-I-b‰w F∂
NS-ßnv Cu IY A`n--bn-°-W-sa∂v n›-bn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. t£{X-ß-fn¬ Cu ASn-b-¥nc IqØnp {]Xn-
^-e-ambn Nne `qanIfpw a‰pw Ic-sam-gn-hmbn n›-bn-
°p-Ibpw Aßns Ah¿°p kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ AwKo-
Imcw D≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßns Cu IqØnv
t£{X-ß-fn¬ {]XnjvT e`n-°p-Ibpw AXp {]i-kvX-
amb hn[-Øn¬ S-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-h-∂-t∏mƒ
B`n-PmXyw `mhn® a‰p-≈-h¿°v HcmLm-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-
Ibpw XpS¿∂p-≠mb k‘n-kw-`m-j-W-Øn¬ F√m-
hcpw tbmPn-∏n-se-Øp-Ibpw A∂p apX¬ IqSn-bm-´hpw
ßym-c-Ω-°qØpw t£{X-ß-fn¬ Xpey-{]m-[m-y-
tØmsS S-Øn-h-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂pw am‰p-amWv
]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.'' Aßns kzÿ-amb cq]w e`n®
ßym-c-Ω-°qØv hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fn-eqsS X-Xmb
Hcp Iem-cq-]-ambn cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn.
CXmWv C∂v mw ImWp∂ ap‡m-`- tIm-ep∂ ßym-
c-Ω-°q-Øv.
IqSn-bm-´-Øns‚ Ahn-`mPy LS-I-amb ßym-c-
Ω-°q-Øn-v, IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ {]tbm-Kn-°p∂ NXp¿hn[
A`n-b kt¶-X-ß-fmb BwKnIw (i-co-cm-h-b-h-ß-sf-
s°m-≠v) hmNnIw (D-®m-c-W-Øn-eq-sS) kmXznIw (ap-
JsØ ckm-`n--b-Øn-eq-sS) F∂n-h-bn-eqsS IYm-]m-
{X-Øns‚ `mh-ßƒ t{]£-I-cn-te°v ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-
°p∂ coXn-bmWv kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬ kmXzn-
Im-`n--b-Øn-mWv ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øn¬ {]Ya {]m[m-
yw. IqSn-bm-´-Øn-s‚-bpw, ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øn-s‚bpw
Hu∂Xyw ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv AXns‚ kmXzn-Im-`n--b-
Øn-m-Wv. IÆp-Iƒ, ]pcn-I-ßƒ, Ihnƒ XS-ßƒ,
Np≠v, XmSn Ch-bpsS Ne--ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ck-ßƒ
A`n--bn-°p-∂-Xv. irwKm-cw, lmkyw, Icp-Ww, cu{Zw,
hocw, `bm--Iw, _o`-’w, A¤pXw F∂o F´v ck-
ß-fmWv kmXzn-Im-`n--b-Ønv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. im¥w
Hcp ck-ambn IW-°m-°n-bn-´n-s√-¶n-epw, AXp-IqsS
tN¿ØmWv h-c-k-ßƒ F∂p-]-d-bp-∂-Xv.
GIm-`n--b-am-b-Xn-m¬ ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øn¬ IqSn-
bm-´Øn¬ D≈-Xp-t]mse mS-Imwiw C√-X-s∂. ]s£
temI-m-S-Im-`n--b-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ kw`m-h--bmb
]I¿∂m-´-amWv CXns‚ {][m--amb Hcp {]tXy-I-X.
Htc A`n-t{Xn Xs∂ ]e IYm-]m-{X-ß-fmbn ]I¿∂m-
Sp-∂p. {KŸ ]mT-Øn¬ C√m-Ø-]-eXpw BSp-∂-Xnv
CXp-h-gn Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. Cu kzmX{¥yw A`n-
t-Xm-hnv A-¥-amb km≤y-X-Iƒ ¬Ip-∂p. AXp-
h-hgn A`n-t-{Xn-bpsS `mh ]q¿Æ-ambpw {]tbm-P-
-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p. Hcp DZm-l-cWw:
A`n-t{Xn ]qX-m-tam-£w IY-bnse Aºm-Sn-bn-te-
°p≈ bm{X-bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ hnhn[ hnti-j-ßƒ
h¿Æn-°p-tºmƒ hfsc hnim-e-amb Hcp Iym≥hmkv
BWv e`n-°p-∂-Xv. B h¿Æ--Iƒ°v Hcp ]cn-an-Xnbpw
C√. DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ F∂ ]nt©m-a-sb h[n-°-W-sa∂
Iwks‚ njvTqc imk-bv°pw Hcp ]n©p ss]X-
ens‚ Poh≥ Ah-km-n-°p-∂-Xn¬ D≈ Xs‚ am-kn-
I-amb _p≤n-ap´pw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ A`n-t-{Xn-bn-ep≈
{]mK-¤y-Øns‚ am‰p-c-bv°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.
IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ Ss‚ `mj-bmb ap{Z-Iƒ Xs∂-
bmWv ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øns‚ A`n-t{Xn B{i-bn-°p-∂-
Xv. lkvX-e-£W Zo]n-I-bn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≈ ssien-
bmWv CXn-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw CXn¬s∏-
SmØ Nne-ap-{Z-Ifpw IqSn-bm-´-Ønepw ßym-c-Ω-°q-
Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. ap{Z-Iƒ°v Ap-kr-
X-amb `mhhpw apJ-Øp-≠m-h-Ww. ssI Fhn-sS-
bmtWm AhnsS a- pw, a- n-ep≈ hnIm-c-Øn-n-
W-ßp∂ `mhw apJ-Øpw, Npfn`mh-Ønv ]‰nb
ckhpw D≠m-I-Ww F∂mWv IqSn-bm-´-Øns‚ A`n--
b-X-Xzw. IqSn-bm-´-Øn¬ Blm-cy-Ønv sshhn-[yhpw
{]m[m-yhpw Ds≠-¶nepw kv{XoI-Ym-]m-{X-ßƒs°√mw
Htc thj-am-Wv. AXp-X-s∂-bmWv ßym-c-Ω-°q-Øn-
epw. thj-`q-jm-Zn-I-fn¬ {]tXy-In®v apSn, AXm-b-Xv,
intcm-e-¶m-c-Ønpw a‰pw Iem-p-kr-X-amb am‰-ßƒ
h∂n-´p-≠v. ]›m-Øe hmZy-Ønv IqSn-bm-´-Øn-se-
t]mse angmhpw CS-bv°bpw BWv {][m LS-Iw.
{]mtZ-in-I-ambn Xnan-e-bpw, Ipdp-¶p-gepw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-
h-cp-∂p-≠v.
67
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Makarajyothi 2016

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