This document provides a summary of the history and origins of the ancient Egyptian city of Abydos and its importance in Egyptian culture. It notes that Abydos was one of the earliest centers of worship in Upper Egypt and was an important pilgrimage site associated with the god Osiris. The document describes the annual holy procession that took place there over 28 days, involving priests and pilgrims. It also mentions some of the important archaeological remains at Abydos, including temples and tombs, and its significance as a religious center from the Early Dynastic period through the New Kingdom.

1. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
‘s]cp-a-bp≈ s]cp-hw ]qcw’
(s]cp-hw Ip´≥amcm¿)
hw k`m-tbm-K-Øn¬
Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. tIc-fo-
b-cpsS s]mXp-k-`-bm-bn-
cp∂ Xncp- m- h mb
tbmKw S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv
s]cp-hw {Kma-°m-cm-
bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bp-
tºmƒ Xs∂ tIc- f -
Øn¬ s]cp-hw {Kma-
Øn-p-≠m-bn-cp∂
{]m[myw FSpØp ]d-
tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m.
sX°v Zp¿§m
t£{Xw, ]Sn-™mdv `{Z-
Im- f o- t £- { Xw, hS°v
hnizalm- ¤ pXt{iWn- b n- t e°v tIc- f - imkvXm t£{Xw, Ing°v hnjvWp t£{Xw, F∂n-
Øns‚ al-Ømb kw`m-h--I-fn¬ H∂t{X s]cp- h-bm¬ Nqg-s∏-´p-n¬°p∂ t£{X-amWv s]cp-
hw ]qcw. DØ-cm-Xr-Øn-bn¬ hmW-cp-fp∂ Imin hw almtZh t£{Xw. thZ-Øn-t‚bpw, kwkvIm-
hsc al-Xzm-Xn-tcIw ]S¿∂p ]¥-en®v; Imin c-Øn-t‚bpw tIZm-c-amb Cu t£{Xw bXn-h-cy-
hniz-m-Y-t-bpw, KwK-tbbpw BI¿jn-°m-mbn mb ‘]qcp al¿jn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p n¬°p-
F∂ Hscm‰ kwKXn aXn CXns‚ Akm-[m-c- ∂p. ]nXm-hns‚ hm¿≤Iyw a m hcn®v X]-
WXzw sXfn-bn-°m≥. np ]pd-s∏´ XymK aq¿Øn-bmb ‘]qcp’ FØn-
t®¿∂Xv C∂p t£{Xw ÿnXnsNøp∂ Cu {]tZ-
{]mNo tIc-fØnse Adp-]Øn-mep {Kma-
- - i-Øm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t{X. ]qcp X] psNbvX ÿe-
ß-fn¬ apJyX aqs∂-ÆØn-m-bn-cp-∂p. ]∂n-bq¿,
- am-bn-cp∂p ‘s]cp-hw’ F∂ ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
ipI-]p-cw, s]cp-h-w. Cu aq∂nepw s]cpa s]cp-
s]cp-hw t£{X {KŸ-h-cn-bn¬ Cßs
h- - Ø n- p- X - s ∂- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p. hfsc hnim- e -
]d-bp∂p:-˛ “lcn: H∂m-aXv s]cp-h-Øv Fcp-b-
ambncp∂p Cu {Kmaw. sImSp-ß-√q¿ DugsØ
∏≥, ]qcp-al¿jn X] p sNbvXp hcp∂ ÿeØv;
-
imkvXm-hns‚ t£{Xw apX¬ hS-t°m-´pw, hS- al¿jn°v {]Xy-£ambn B al¿jn {]Xn-jvTn-
-
°m-t©cn AI-ae imkvXm-hns‚ t£{Xw apX¬ ®-Xm-Ip-∂p. {Kma t£{X-am-bn´v P߃°v tkhn-
sXt°m-´pw, Xr{]-bmdv ASpØv FSp-Øn-cpØn bv°m-m-bn-´v, ]c-ip-cmaal¿jn ntbm-Kn-®Xm-Ip-
-
Aø-∏≥Imhnp Ing-t°m-´pw, Ingt° ae-bn-¬ ∂p.” s]cp-hw t£{X-Øn¬ ]qcp-al¿jn-bpsS
-
IpXn-cm≥ apSn Aø∏t£{X-Ønv ]Sn-™m´pw {]Xn-jTbp≈XpIqSn IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-tºmƒ; ]qcp-
v -
D≈ ÿe-a-{X-bw, s]cp-hw {Kma-k-t¶-X-Øn¬ a-l¿jn X] p sNbvXXns‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°mbn Cu
-
Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S, Ahn-´-Øq¿, Xr»n- h-Ønv ‘]qcp-h--sa∂v’ t]cp-≠mbn F∂pw;
h-t]-cq¿ Ch s]cp-h--Øns‚ D]-{Km-a-ß-fm-bn- AXp tem]n- ® mWv s]cp- h - - a m- b - s X∂pw
cp-∂p. Aßs ‘42’ tZi-ß-fn-ep-≈-h-cmWv s]cp- hnNm-cn-∏m≥ ymbw ImWp-∂p.
- 157 -

2. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
h-Øns‚ kvacW ]pXp-°n-s°m≠v
s]cp-hØpw Bdm-´p-]p-gbnepw Fgp-
- -
∂≈n s]cp-hw Bdm-´p-]pg]qcw
]p:{Iao-Icn-®p.
-
“BbmXp inh-temIw :”
F∂ Ihn hmIy-a-p-k-cn®v s]cp-
hw Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-߃°v 1428
h¿jsØ ]g-°-ap-≠v. AXm-bXv
AD-583 ˛mam≠n- e mWv Cu ]qcm-
tLm-j-߃ ]p:cmcw-`n-®-Xv. apºv
tIc- f - Ø nse sImº- m- - I - f p-
tSbpw, Xe-bn¬ sI´v, IpS, Be-
h-´w, sh©m-acw, tImew XpS-ßnb
-
tIm∏p-I-fp-tS-bpw, sN≠; sImºv,
Ipg¬ Ce-Ømfw apX-emb hmZy-
ß-fp-tS-bpw, tbmKyX n¿Æ-bn-®n-
tIc-fo-bsc ]∂n-bq¿ Iq‰pIm¿, ipI-]pcw cp-∂-Xv, s]cp-hw S-h-gn-bn¬ Ahbv°p {]th-
Iq‰p-Im¿ F∂p th¿Xn-cn®p ImWmsX kam-- iw ¬In-bn-´pt≠m F∂-Xns Bkv]-Z-am-°n-
cmbn IW-°m-°n-b-h¿ hmWn-cp∂ ÿe-amWv bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]mc-ºcyw Xs∂-bmWv taf-
‘s]cp-hw’ F∂p as‰m-c-`n-{]m-bhpw ne-hn-ep-≠v. Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-am-bn-Øo-cm≥ s]cp-hw {Kma-Ønv
klm-b-I-amb apJy-L-S-Iw.
s]cp-hw t£{X-Ønse D’hw, Ipw`-am-k-
Ønse D{X-Øn¬ sImSn-Ibdn, ao-Ønse D{Xw
- - ao-am-k-Ønse ]qbw £-{X-Øn-emWv
sImSn-Ip-Ømbn 28 Znhkw o≠p n∂n-cp-∂p-ht{X.
- Ct∏mƒ s]cp-hw ]qcw BtLm-jn-bv°p-∂-Xv.
hfsc BtLm-jtØmsS S∂p h∂n-cp∂ Cu
- ]gb s]cp-hw D’-hØns‚ hen-bhn-f°v Ct∂
- -
D’-hØn¬ ao-Ønse D{Xw mfn¬ Bdm´p]pg-
- Znh-k-amWv S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. A∂v ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp∂
bn¬ Cc-´b∏s Bdm-Sn-b°pw. s]cp-hw apX¬
- - v tZhotZh-∑m-cn¬; s´n-t»cnimkvXm-hv, Bdm-´p-
Bdm-´p-]p-ghsc-bp≈ hgn apgph≥
- -
sh≈bpw Icn-ºShpw hncn®v AXn-
-
eqsSbmWv Cc-´b∏s‚ B S-
- -
°p- I . Cc- ´ - b - ∏ s‚ hc- h nv
sh≈bpw Icn-º-Shpw hncn-bv°m-
p≈ A[n-Imcw tN¿∏n-m-bn-cp-∂p-
h-t{X. qs‰´p tZho tZh-∑m¿ Cu
D’-hØn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. GI-
-
tZiw 1500 h¿jw apºv Cu D’hw
apS- ß p- I - b pw, Cc´b∏s ]pd-
tØbv°v Fgp-∂≈n-b°m-sX-bp-am-
- v
bn. {]kvXpX D’-hØn¬ ]s¶-Sp- -
Øn-cp∂ tZho-tZ-h∑m¿ ]gb D’--
- 159 -

3. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
Sp-IqSn s]cp-hw
S-h-gn-bpsS
Ingt° A‰Øv
Ggp KP- h o- c - ∑ m-
tcm- S pw, ]©mcn
taf-tØmSpw IqSn
Ib‰w Bcw- ` n-
bv ° p- ∂ p. cm{Xn
G I - t Z i w
H≥]Xc aWn-hsc
Ccp-`m-KØpw
AWn-n-c-°p∂
Ccp imkv X m- ° -
∑m- c psS ]m≠n-
bpw, ]©m- c nbpw
Ah¿Æ-o-b-amb
Hcp Ap-`qXn ]I-
]pgimkvXm-hv, NmØ°pSw imkvXm-hv, Nn‰n-®m- cp- ∂ - h - b m- W v. H≥]- X c aWn- h sc o≠p
Ø-°pSw imkvXm-hv, m¶pfwimkvXm-hv, taSw-Ip- n¬°p∂ ]m≠n- t a- f - h pw, ]Xn- s m- ∂ p-
f-ßcimkvXm-hv, N°w-Ip-f-ßcimkvXm-hv, tImS- aWntbmsS Ah- k m- n- b v ° p∂ ]©m- c n- b pw,
∂q¿ imkv X m- h v , am´n¬ imkv X m- h v , It√en {ihnbv-°m≥ S-hgn Xnßn mm-`m-KØp n∂p-
imkvXvhv F∂o ]Øp-t]-cpw; IS-em-t»cn ]njm- ap≈ ]pcp-jmcw ImtW-≠-Xp-X-s∂.
cn-bv°¬, sXm´n-∏mƒ, FS-°p∂n, ssX°m-´p-t»- cm{Xn ]Xn-sm∂p aWn-tbmsS Duc-I-Ø-
cn, ]qn-em¿Im-hv, Duc-I-Ø-Ω-Xn-cp-h-Sn, Abv°- Ω-XncphSn sXmSp-Ip-f-Øns‚ kao-]-Øp-n-∂pw,
∂v, tN¿∏v F∂o F´p `K-hXnamcpw Ct∏mƒ s]cp- ]m≠n- t a- f - t ØmsS Bcw- ` n- ® v , NmØ- ° pSw
hw ]qc-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øp-h-cp-∂p. imkvXm-hn-tm-Sp-IqSn hnkvX-cn® Ipg¬]‰pw,
hnj-lm-cn-Wn-bmb IS-em-t»cn ]njm-cn- sImºp]‰pw Ign™v Ncn{X{]kn-≤-amb ]©m-
bv°¬ `K-h-Xn-bp-tS-XmWv BZysØ ]qc-hpw, cn-ta-fØnv Ime-an-Sp-∂p. GI-tZ-iw ]pe¿s® aq∂p
-
BZysØ Bdm-´pw. AkvX-a--Ønp apºmbn aWn-tbmsS IS-emkp ]S°w sIm≠p≈ shSn-
]njm- c n- b v ° ¬`K- h Xn s]cp- h w]qc- Ø np s°-t´m-Sp-IqSn AΩXncp-h-Sn-bpsS tafw kam-]n-
Bcw`w Ipdn-bv°p-∂p. bv°p-∂p.
s]cp-h-Øv Cc-´-b-∏s‚ Zo]m-cm-[ ka- cm{Xn ]{¥- ≠ p- a - W n- t bm- s S, s]cp- h w
bØv Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXmhv Ggp B-I-tfmsS t£{X-Øn--IØv ]gb D’-h-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω
s]cp-hw sXs° tKm]p-c--S-bn¬ aXn¬°-IØv ]pXp- ° n- s °m- ≠ v , AXn- h n- i n- j v S - a mb hnf°v
Fgp-∂-≈p-I-bpw, ]m≠ntafw Bcw-`n-bv°p-Ibpw ]©mcn taf-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS S-°p-∂p.
sNøp-∂p. ]m≠ntafØns‚ Iq´ns∏-cp-°-temsS CXn¬ m¶p-fw, s´n-t»-cn, Nn‰n-®m-Ø-°p-Sw, taS-
Bcw-`n-®v, BZy-I-em-i-Øn-p-ti-jw, s]cp-hw Ip-f-ß-c, tImS-∂q-cv, am´n≥, It√-en, N°w-Ip-f-
Ings° S-h-gn-bn-te°v imkvXmhv Fgp-∂-≈p- ßc F∂o imkvXm-°∑mcpw; FS-°p-∂n, ssX°m-
-
∂p. Chn-sS-bmWv Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXm-hns‚ ´p-t»-cn, ]qn-em¿Imhv F∂o `K-h-Xn-amcpw ]s¶-
{]kn- ≤ - a mb “Cd- ° - I - ∏ m≠n ”. AtX kabw Sp-°p-∂p. Cu tZhntZh-∑m¿ s]cp-hw Cc-´-b-
NmØ-°pSw imkvXm-hv, sXm´n--∏mƒ `K-h-Xn-tbm- ∏s‚ ]Sn-™m-sd--S-bn¬ n∂pw Fgp-∂≈n {]Z-
- 161 -

4. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
IqsS ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]m≠n-tafw
n¿Øn- b - L - ´ - Ø n¬ n∂v
]p:cmcw- ` n®v {]Z- £ n- W - a mbn
oßn Ing-°p-`m-KØv {io]m¿Δ-
Xn-bpsS S-bn¬ Iem-in-bv°p-
∂p. tIfn, IpdpwIp- g ¬]‰v,
sImºp]‰v F∂n-hbv°ptijw,
hnkvX-cn®v ]©m-cn-tafw Bcw-`n-
bv ° p- ∂ p. BZy- I - e m- i - Ø n- p-
tijw s]cp-hw S-h-gn-bn¬
Cdßn GI-tZiw cmhnse 7 aWn-
tbmSp ]©m-cn-tafw Ah-km-n-
∏n®v s]cp-hw sXmSp-Ip-f-Øn¬
`K-h-Xn-am¿°v Bdm´v S-Øp-∂p.
AbvIp∂v`K-hXnbpw, tN¿∏p`K-
h-Xnbpw Hcp-an®v sXmSp-Ipf-Øn¬
Bdm-Sp-∂-tXmsS s]cp-hw]qc-
£n-W-ambn hS°p `mKØv nc∂p n∂v ]©m- Øns‚ {][m NS-ßp-Iƒ ]cy-h-km-n-bv°p-∂p.
cn-ta-f-tØmsS Ing-°p-`m-KØv {io]m¿Δ-Xn-bpsS s]cp-hw]qc-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ tZho-tZ-
S-bn¬ FØn tafw Ah-km-n-∏nbv°p-∂p. hnf- h-∑m-sc√mw Cc-´-b-∏s {]Z£nWw sh®v hW-
°m-Nmcw Ign™v s´n-t»-cn, m¶pfw, tImS-∂q¿ ßp-∂p. BZyw Fgp-∂-≈p-∂-hsc nd-]-d-tbm-tS-
imkvXm-°∑m¿ ne-]mSp Xd-bn¬ Fgp-∂≈p-∂p.
- - bpw, XpS¿s∂-Øp-∂-hsc mcm-b-]-d-tbm-tS-bp-
Duc-I-ØΩXncp-hSn tafw Ah-km-n®v NmØ- amWv Cc-´-b-∏≥ FXn-tc¬°p-∂-Xv.
°pSw imkvXm-hpw, AΩXncp-hSnbpw, Ings°
tKm]pcw IS∂v Cc-´-b-∏s {]Z-£nWw shbv°p- klr-Z-b-∑m¿ Hfn-a-ßmsX a- n¬ kq£n-
∂-tXm-Sp-IqSn imkvXm-°-∑m¿ ne-]mSp Xd-bn¬ °p∂ Ht´sd {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ s]cp-hw ]qc-Øn-
n∂n-dßn kzÿm--ß-fn-tebv°v ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂p. p-≠v. s]cp-hw S-h-gn-bpsS {]tXy-IX AXn-
sem-∂m-Wv. Ggv B-Iƒ°v Xnßn-n¬°m-p≈
cm{Xn ]{¥≠p aWnbv°v tN¿∏n¬`K-hXn ÿew am{X-amWv Chn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. Hcp `mKØv
(`q-an-tZ-hn) ]©-hm-Zy-Øns‚ AI-º-Sn-tbmsS, Bdm-´p-]pg imkvXm-hns‚ Cd-°-]m-≠n-bpw, adp-
aq∂m--I-tfm-Sp-IqSn s]cp-hw t£{X-Øns‚ ]Sn- h-iØv NmØ-°pSw imkvXmhv sXm´n-∏mƒ `K-h-
™msd S-h-gn-bn¬ Fgp-∂-≈p-∂p. ta°mhp Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn-bp≈ ]©m-cnbpw Htc-k-abw S-
t£{X-]-cn-k-cØv 3 aWn-tbmsS ]©-hmZyw Ah- °p- ∂ Xv Cu S- h - g n- b n- e m- W v . Ccp- h - i Øpw
km- n- ∏ n®v mK- k z- c - Ø ns‚ AI- º - S n- t bmsS XnI™ Ggv B-Iƒ hoXw, AXnv Ccp-`m-K-
ta°mhv t£{X-Øns‚ Ings° S-I-S∂v Ggv Øp-ap≈ XnÆ-I-fn-epw, ]cn-k-cØpw mm-`m-K-
B-Itfm-Sp-IqSn ]m≠n-tafw Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. s]cp-
- Øp-n-∂p-ap≈ ]pcp-jm-cw. Sp°v nc-n-c-bmbn
hw t£{X-Øn¬ Cc´-b-∏s‚ ]Sn-™msd S- ImWp∂ ]¥-߃. ]¥-ßfpsS tim`-bn¬ s]m≥
-
bv°se-Øp-tºmƒ ]m≠n-tafw CS-bv°p-sh®v Hcp
- {]` Xqh∂ s‰n-∏-´-߃. im¥-amb {]Ir-Xn.
nanjw n¿Øp-I-bpw, Ducm-bva-°m¿ Cd-°-°m- {]Ir-Xnsb {]I-ºw sIm≈n-°p∂ taf-߃!
cpt≠m F∂v aq∂v {]mhiyw hnfn®v tNmZn-°p-∂- Bdm-´p-]pgimkvXm-hns‚ ]m≠n-bpw, NmØ-°pSw
Xp-amb NSßv S-°p-∂p. At∏mƒ AbvIp∂v `K- imkvXm-hn-t‚-bpw, DucIw tN¿∏v`K-h-Xn-am-cpsS
hXn tN¿∏v`K-h-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Cd-°-Øn-mbn ]©m-cn-bpw. Cu Zriym-p-`hw Hcn-°-se-¶nepw
- 163 -

5. - 165 -
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bqóèfsnejg ùhebMõX ceùlX kfögÿ DbmjceCflx.
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mqbªcXiä oeãkav MjCcÖh¥!
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Nn{X-߃°v IS-∏mSv ˛ {]kmZv Icp-a-, tN¿∏v
Bcm[I¿ hnc{iwJe ¬In BZcn®n´p≠v.
tafØnv {]mamWyw hln°p∂p. taf{]amWnbmbncp∂ s]cphw A∏pamcmcpsS ]p{X≥.
hn`mKØns‚ {]amWn. Xr∏qWnØpd, Ccnßme°pS, s]cphw XpSßnb nch[n t£{Xßfn¬
s]cp-hw Ip´≥am-cm¿ :˛ Ap{KloX IemImc≥. Xriq¿ ]qcØnv ]mdta°mhv
Wv. Cu D]-Nm-csØ s]cp-hw ]qc-Øns‚
D]-Nmcw sNm√p∂ ImgvN lrZ-bk]r-°m-
- v
h-Xn-bp-tSbpw B-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jambn n∂v
-
tºmƒ aq∂p-XhW imkvXm-hn-t‚bpw, `K-
-
bv°p-∂p. hSs° {]Z-£nW hgn-bn-se-Øp-
Cc-´-b-∏s {]Z-£n-W-ambn apsº Kan-
bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ, Bdm´p]pgimkvXmhv
hXn c≠mw {]Z-£n-Wambn sXs° S-
-
kzÿm-tØ°v aS-ßp-Ibpw; tN¿∏n¬ `K-
-
AbvIp∂v`K-hXn hSs° tKm]pcw hgn
£n-W-ambn hS-s°--S-bn-se-Øp-tºmƒ,
∂p-≠m-Ipw. `K-hXn-am¿ Cc-´b∏s {]Z-
- - -
Bdm-´p-]pgimkvXmhv Fgp-∂≈n n¬°p-
Øp-tºmƒ sXs° tKm]p-cØnp kao]w
-
t£{X-Øns‚ sXs° {]Z-£n-Whgn-bn-se-
- -
]n´n-Wn-»wJv hnfn®v sNºStaf-tØmsS s]cp-hw
Ign™v sXmSp-Ip-fØnp kao]w H≥]Xp XhW
-
°p-∂Xpamb NS-ßmbn IW-°m-°s∏-Sp-∂p.
- tN¿∏v, AbvIp∂v `K-h-Xn-am-cpsS Bdm´v
´-b∏s km£n-n¿Øn tN¿∏v `K-hXnsb £Wn-
- - h--am-W-t√m.
kw-Kataf-bn-te°v AXn-tY-bmb imkvXmhv Cc-
- ∂n-√. ]©mcntaf-Øns‚ Cu‰n√w Xs∂ s]cp-
kam-]hpw, AtXm-sSm∏w Bdm´p ]pg-bnse tZh-
- - Ap-`hn-®n-´p-≈hcmcpw AXp ad-°p-sa∂p tXm∂p-
- - -
Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011

6. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
]qcw apX¬ ]qcw hsc
h¿jw Ipdn-bv°p∂ Xr»q¿
s{]m^: am[-h≥Ip´n
a°ƒ' F∂- d n™v tZhs‚
D’hw S- Ø p- t ºmƒ D≠m-
Ip∂ GI-Xm-t_m-[w, kaq-l-
Øns‚ ne- n¬∏npw
∑°pw hne-a-Xn-°m-m-hmØ
kw`m- h - - b mWv ¬Ip- ∂ - X v .
"k¿hw tZhm¿]Ww' F∂
ne- b v ° m- h p- t ºmƒ AXns‚
n¿h- l - W - ß - f n¬ Rms∂
`mhw ng-en-°n-√. "hkp-ss[h
IpSpw- _ Iw' F∂ XXzw
Dƒs°m- ≈ m- p≈ a- ns‚
bm- Ø ns‚ BZy Nph- S p- I -
fmWv Hmtcm t£{X-tØmSpw
Ap-_-‘n®v S-°p∂ D’-h-
߃. AXp- s Im≠p Xs∂-
a-p-jys‚ kuμ-cy-t_m-[-Øns‚ DZm-Ø- bmWv D’hw apS-ßp-∂-Xv t£{X-X-´-I-Øns‚
amb Bhn-jv°-c-W-ß-fmWv t£t{Xm-’-h-߃. Zp¿Z-i-bm-sW∂v ]g-a-°m¿ ]d™p hniz-kn-∏n-®-
hSt° ae-_m-dnse D’-h-ß-fn¬ sXø-Ønpw Xv. CØcw hnizm-k-ß-fmWv ap-jys Hcp kaq-
a‰p mS≥I-e-Iƒ°pw ¬Ip∂ {]m[myw a[y- l-Po-hn-bmbn ne-n¿Øp-∂-Xpw.
tI-c-f-Øn¬ s]mXp-th-bn-√. a[y-
tI-c-f-Øn¬ B-Iƒ°pw hmZy-hn-
ti-j-߃°pw shSn-s°-´n-p-amWv
{]m[m- yw. Chn- s S- Ø s∂
A]q¿Δ-amb Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬
hyXym-k-߃ ImWmw. D{Xmfn
the°v k‘y°v t£{X-]-d-ºn¬
Nne mS≥ Iem-cq-]-߃ FØm-
dp-≠v. a®mSv amam-¶-Ønp B-I-
fn-√. tXmƒØ-≠p-I-fn¬ LSn-∏n®
IpXnc cq]-ß-fmWv AhnsS tZi-
°m- g v N . H∂pIqSn sXt°m´p
t]mbm¬ Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ tIaw.
IpXn-cth-e, h≈w-Ifn, Imf-Ifn........
- - -
Aßs ]e-Xpw. Hcp kaqlw apgp-
h≥ H∂ptN¿∂v "Htc tXh-cpsS
- 167 -

7. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
BKaw
Bdm´p]pg ]qc-
Øn¬ ]s¶- S p- Ø p- h - c n-
Ibpw Ft¥m Imc- W -
Øm¬ HcpImeØv
AhnsS n∂v njvIm-kn-
X- c m- h p- I bpw sNbv X
Nne t£{X- ß ƒ
tN¿∂v ]n∂oSv Xr»q¿
]qcw BtLm- j n®p
XpSßn F∂v Xe-ap-dIƒ -
ssIamdnh∂ IY ]q¿Æ-
ambpw hniz- k n- ° m≥
{]bm-kap-≠v. Bdm-´p-]pg
-
]gb sIm®n cmPysØ {][m- - s ∏´ ]qc-Ønv 14 q‰m-≠n-tesd ]g-°-ap-≠v. Xr»q¿
D’- h - ß - f mWv Bdm- ´ p- ] pg ]qchpw Xr»q¿ ]qc-Ønse apJy-cmb Xncp-h-ºm-Snbpw ]md-ta-
]qc-hpw. H∂nv 1400˛tesd h¿jsØ ]mc-ºcyw; °mhpw A{Xbpw ]g-°-ap≈ t£{X-ß-fmtWm?
at‰Xntm 200- ˛ - h ¿j- Ø n- t ‚- b pw. c≠pw Xncp-h-ºm-Snsb kw_-‘n-s®-¶nepw hy‡-ambn
t£t{Xm-’-h-ß-fm-sW-¶nepw Xr»q¿ ]qc-Ønv ]dbmw˛ Cu t£{X-Ønv 400 h¿j-Øn¬ Xmsg
t£{X- k w- _ - ‘ n- I - f mb NS- ß p- I - t f- ° mƒ am{Xta ]g-°-ap-≈q. BZyw {ioIrjvW t£{X-
{]m[myw 30 aWn-°q¿ kz¥w X´-I߃ hn´v hS-
- am-bn-cp∂ ChnsS `K-hXnsb {]Xn-jvTn-®Xv ]n∂o-
-
°p-∂m-Ys‚ Aº-e∏dºn¬ Ac-tß-dp∂ tZhn tZh-
- - - Sm-Wv. Im®m--∏n≈n C√sØ Sp-ap-‰sØ Icn-
∑msc km£n n¿Øn-s°m-≠p≈ BtLm-j- ¶¬Øq-Wn¬ Bhm-ln-®n-cp-Øn-bn-cp∂ sImSp-ß-
ß-fm-W.v √q¿ AΩ-bmWv ]n∂oSv Xncp-h-ºmSn DÆn-°-
Æs‚ hma-`m-KØv _me-`-
{Z-Imfn (tbm-K-am-b)-bm-b-Xv.
FS-°-f-Øqsc ]m¿∞-km-c-
Yn- b mWv DÆn- I - f n- √ mØ
Im®m--∏≈n C√sØ Zº-
Xn-am-cpsS hnfn-sb-Øp-S¿∂v
Xr»q-sc-Øn-bt∏mƒ DÆn-Ir-
-
jvW-m-b-Xv. A∏m´p Ipdp-
∏m-fpsS {]m¿∞--sb-Øp-
S¿∂v Xriq-cn-se-Ønb Xncp-
am‘mw Ip∂neΩ- b mWv
]md- t a- ° mhv `K- h - X n.
Bcw`w apX¬Øs∂ c≠p
t£{X- ß fpw A°m- e Øv
t£{X-{]-th-iØnv Ap-
- -
hm-Z-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Xt±-iob
P-ß-fpsS ta¬tm-´-Øn-
- 168 -

8. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
tZh- t a- f - b m- h p- ∂ - X n- m-
emWv At∂-Zn-hkw ]qc-
Øn¬ ]s¶- S p- ° mØ
t£{X-ß-fn¬t]mepw
AØm- g - ] qP tcsØ
SØn S-b-S-bv°p-∂-Xv.
sIm®n cmPm-°∑mcpw
-
i‡pw
sIm®n cmPm-°-∑m¿
s]mXpsh Zo¿Lm-bp- p-I-
fmbncp∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw Hcp
alm- c m- P mhv Xos∏- ´ m¬
]pe- I - g n™v Inco- S - [ m-
cWw sNøp∂ bph- c m-
emWv {]h¿Øn®ph∂-Xv. Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-Ønv Pmhv iXm-`n-tj-I-Øn--Sp-sØ-Ønb Bfm-bn-
ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-Sp- cn°pw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bpsS
∂-hbpw Ct∏mƒ FØp-∂-h-cp-amb t£{X-ß- Awiw D≠m-Im-sa-¶nepw bph-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿ Inco-
sf√mw ºq-Xn-cn-amtcm mSp-hm-gn-Itfm `cWw Sm-h-Im-in-I-fm-hp-tºm-tg°pw bphXzw jvS-s∏-´n-
S-Øn-b-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v mb¿ kap-Zm-btam cn-°pw. AXn-sm-c-]-hmZw i‡≥X-ºp-cm-m-bn-
a‰p kap- Z m- b - ß tfm hy‡n- I tfm `cn- ® n- c p∂ cp-∂p. t∂ sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ cmPy-`mcw Gs‰-
t£{X-ßsfm∂pw Bdm-´p-]p-gbn¬ FØn-bn-cp-∂n-
- - SpØ At±lw cmPyØv A-h[n ]cn-jv°m-c߃ -
√. sIm®n cmPyØv ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS Ducm-◊-bn- S-∏m-°n. hS-°p-n∂v h∂v Xt±-io-bsc _p≤n-
ep≈ t£{X- ß - f mWv
]n∂oSv k¿°m- c ns‚
tZhkzwhIp-∏n-s‚bpw
sIm®n tZhkzwt_m¿Un-
s‚bpw `c-W-Øn-em-b-Xv.
mSp-hm-gn-IfpsS Iogn-em-bn-
-
cp∂ Nne t£{X- ß ƒ
AXp-t]mse n¬°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. B ne- b n¬
Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-h-ºm-
Snbpw ]md-ta-°mhpw Hgn®v
Ct∏mƒ Xr»q¿ ]qc-Øn¬
]s¶-Sp-°p∂ a‰p t£{X-
߃ Bdm-´p-]pg ]qc-Øn¬
]s¶- S p- Ø n- c p- ∂ n- c n- ° mw.
Bdm-´p-]pg ]qcw tZh-∑m-cp-
tSbpw `qkp-c-∑m-cp-tSbpw
kwK-a-th-Zn-bm-Wv. CØ-c-
Øn¬ Bdm- ´ p- ] pg ]qcw
- 169 -

9. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
t£{X-Øn-se-Øm≥
Bcm-[-I¿°p≈
_p≤n-ap´v Xºp-cm≥
a- n- e m- ° n. Cu
ImSp sh´n-sØ-fn®v
hnim-eamb ssaXm--
-
am-°m≥ i‡≥ Xocp-
am-n-®p. ImSp-sh-´¬
XpS-ßnb ka-bØv
Xs‚ "A—s‚ PS'
sh´p-∂-Xns
tNmZyw sNøm≥ Dd-
™p-Xp-≈n-h∂ ]md-
ta-°mhv tIma-cØnv-
jvS-s∏-´Xv kz¥w
]-c-ambn Iog-S-°nb ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ kºØpw inc- m-Wv. Ahn-Nm-cn-X-am-bp-≠mb Cu sIme
AwKo-Im-chpw tSn Hu∂Xyw {]m]n-®-t∏mƒ Xºp-cms‚ a- ns Gsd thZ-n-∏n-®p.
Ah-cn¬ Hcp henb hn`mKw cmPm-°∑m-sc-t∏mepw - tX°n≥ImSv sh´n ssaXm--am-°n-b-t∏mƒ
[n°- c n- ° mpw tNmZyw sNømpw XpS- ß n. ]p√p-ta-bm≥ ssaXm-sØ-Øp∂ ]ip-°ƒ°v IpSn-
-
i‡≥X-ºp-cmv Cu kao-]w Atcm-N-I-ambn °m≥ sh≈w nd-bv°m-mbn GXmpw Icn-¶¬
tXm∂n. kº-Øns‚ t]cn-ep≈ [n°m-c-Ønv sXm´n-Iƒ ssaXm-Øns‚ ]e-`m-KØmbn ÿm]n-
- -
Adp- X n- h - c p- Ø m≥ {]Xn- ⁄ m- _ - ≤ - m- b - X p- °m≥ Xºp-cm≥ Xocp-am-n-®p. K-cm-Xn¿Øn°v
t]msebmWv i‡≥ i‡n {]tbm-Kn®p XpS-ßn- hS°v hnøq¿ `mK-ØmWv I¬sØm-´n-Iƒ Xøm-dm-
b-Xv. ºq-Xncn P∑n-Xz-Øn-s-Xnsc Xºp-cm≥ °n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. hnøq-cn¬ n∂v henb sXm´n-Iƒ
I¿i- - - S - ] - S n- I ƒ kzoI- c n- ® p. tkz—bv ° pw tX°n≥ImSv ssaXm-Øn-te°v B-IfmWv hen-
- -
ÿm]nX Xm¬]- c y- ß ƒ°pw- t h≠n A‘- h n- ®p-sIm≠p h∂n-cp-∂Xv. Xncp-hºmSn t£{X-Øns‚
- -
izmkw IpØn-h-bv°-s∏´ Hcp P-X-bpsS ho¿∏p- hS-°p-hiØp sh®v s]s´∂v B-Iƒ ]Wn-ap-S-
-
ap´pw Xºp-cms thZ-n-∏n-®p. Cuiz-c-hn-izm- °n-b-s{X. ÿe-sØ-Ønb Xºp-cm≥ B-Iƒ
knbpw t£{X-ß-fpsS D∂-a--Øn¬ Xm¬]-cy- ]Wn-Xp-S¿∂m¬ Po¿Wm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂ Xncp-
ap≈ Bfpw Bbncps∂¶nepw, bp‡n-lo--ß- h-ºmSn t£{Xw ]pXp°n∏Wn-bm-sa∂p {]m¿∞n-
fmb ]e hnizm-k-ß-tfbpw tNmZyw sNøp-hmpw ®p. AtXmsS B-Iƒ ]Wn XpS¿∂p. Cu kw`-
FXn¿°mpw Xºp-cm≥ ss[cyw Im´n. h-tØmsS Xºp-cmv Xncp-hºmSn IÆ-tmSpw `K-
-
h-Xn-tbmSpw Hcp {]tXyI A`n-n-thiw tXm∂n.
tIma-c-Øns‚ Xe-t]mb IY
i‡≥ Xºp-cm≥ `c-W-am-cw-`n® ImeØv
inh-]p-chpw ]qchpw
hS-°p-∂m-Y≥ t£{X-Ønp Np‰pw hen-sbmcp hS-°p-∂mYt£{Xhpw tX°n≥ImSv ssaXm-
ImSp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tbmKm-Xn-cn-∏m-Sp-am¿ h[-in- hpw tI{μ-am°n Xr»q¿ Kcw kwhn-[mw
£°p hn[n-®-hsc hS-°p-∂mY t£{X-Øns‚ sNøm≥ Xpn™ Xºp-cm≥ mSns‚ JymXn ]pd-
sXt° tKm]pcw IS-Øn-hn-´m¬ Ah¿ Xncn-®p-h- tØ-°-dn-bm≥ klm-b-I-amb Hcp hm¿jnI-˛-kmw-
cm-dn-√. ImSn--IsØ AKm-[-amb Ipf-Øn-te°v kvIm-cn-tIm-’hw ssaXmw tI{μo-I-cn®v S-
Ahsc X≈m-dmWv ]Xn-hv. h-Øn-p-≈n-eqsS Øm≥ Xocp-am-n-®p. Hcp’-h-Ønv c≠v hn`m-K-
- 170 -

10. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
t∏mƒ i‡s I≠v
X߃°p-≠mb am-
t°-Sns‚ IY-b-dn-bn-
®p. Ah- c psS am-
t°Sv Xo¿°p-∂-tXm-
sSm∏w s]cp-h-sØ
A[n-Im-cn-I-tfm-Sp≈
Xm°o- X p- I q- S n- b mbn
Xºp-cm≥ B t£{X-
ßsf Xr»q¿ ]qc-
Øn¬ Dƒs∏- S p- Ø n.
AtXm- S p- I qSn apJy
]¶m-fn-I-fmb Xncp-h-
ºm-Sn°pw ]md-ta-°m-
hnpw ]pdsa K- c -
Ønse Xs∂ sNºq-
°mhv `K- h - X nbpw
Kc {]m¥- Ø nse
Imc-ap-°v, Aøt¥mƒ,
emeq¿Im-hv, Nqc-s°m-
°m¿ XΩn¬ a’-c-ap-≠m-bm¬ D’-h-Øns‚ ´p-Im-hv, ssX-e-°mhv F∂nhnSß-fnse `K-h-Xn-
kuμcyw h¿≤n-°p-sa∂v Iem-a¿Ω-⁄≥ IqSn- amcpw IWn-aw-K-ew, ]t-°w-]≈n imkvXm-°-
bmb Xºp-cmv Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. K-c-Øn¬ ∑mcpw ]qc-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-bn. Xr»q¿ ]qcw
ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS `c-W-Øn-e-√m-Xn-cp∂ c≠v as‰mcp tZh-ta-fbm-bn. Fgp-∂≈n∏p ka-bßfpsS
- - - -
t£{X߃ XΩn-ep≈ a’-c-ambn ]qc-Ønv {]tXy- I - X - s Im≠pw coXn- s Im≠pw NS- ß p-
cq]w ¬Im≥ Xºp-cm≥ Xocp-am-n-®Xpw CXp- IƒsIm≠pw AXym-I¿j-hp-am-bn. [zPm[n D’-
sIm-≠m-Wv. c≠p X´-I-ß-fmbn K-csØ Xncn®v h-ßfn¬ sshZn-I®Sßp-Iƒ Gsd-bmWv; ]S-lmZn
- - - -
X´-I-{]-am-Wn-amsc hnfn-∏n®v ]qcw S-Øm-p≈ D’-h-߃°v kwLm-S-I-cpsS atm-[¿Ω-a-p-k-
n¿t±-i-߃ ¬IpI am{X-a√ CS-bv°nsS Ccp- cn®v IqSp-X¬ BtLm-j-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-
Iq-´-tcbpw hnfn®v Hcp°-ß-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn Dd- °m-m-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww Xncp-h-ºm-
∏m°n hmin Iq´mpw Xºp-cm≥ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. Sn-˛-]m-d-ta-°mhv `K-h-Xn-am-cpsS a’-c-ambn Xºp-
s]cp-hw {Kma-Ønse {]_-e-cmb Nne ºq-Xn- cm≥ Xr»q¿ ]qcw hn`m-hw sNbvX-Xv. AtX-k-
cn-am¿ i‡-s-Xnsc kmaq-Xn-cn-tbmSv Iqdv {]Jym- abw Xncp-h-ºmSn DÆn-Ir-jvW-n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂
]n-®n-cp-∂p. i‡-tmSp hnt[-b-Xz-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂- `‡n-bmbncn°Ww Xncp-h-ºmSn `K-h-Xn-bpsS
h¿ `cn-®n-cp∂ Xr»q¿ t£{X-ßsf Bdm-´p-]p-g- XnSºv sh°p∂ tIme-Øn¬ {ioIr-jvW-cq-]-
bn¬ n∂pw hne-°m-p-≠mb Hcp t{]c-I-tlXp Ønpw ÿmw ¬Im≥ t{]c-I-am-b-Xv. i‡≥
CXm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Bdm-´p-]p-g-bn¬ n∂p≈ ]pd- Xºp-cm≥ Bcw-`n® Xr»q¿ ]qc-Øn¬ Xncp-h-ºm-
Øm-°-ens‚ am-t°Sv kzbw ISn-®n-d°n Ign- Sn-˛]m-dta-°mhv a’cw Nne-t∏mƒ A]-ISIcamb
- - - - - -
™n-cp∂ Xriq¿ `mKsØ t£{Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ, hmin-bmbn Xocp-∂Xv I≠-t∏mƒ ]n∂oSp h∂
Xr»q-cn¬ c≠p t£{X-ß-fpsS a’-c-ambn Hcp sIm®n cmPm-°-∑m¿ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-I-fpsS kabw,
]qcw XpS-ßm-p≈ Xocp-am-sØ Ipdn-®-dn-™- B-I-fpsS FÆw, shSn-s°´v F∂n-h-bn-se√mw
- 171 -

11. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
hy‡- a mb nb-
{¥Ww G¿s∏-Sp-Øn.
nb- { ¥- W - ß ƒ ]qc-
Øns‚ ta∑-h¿≤n-∏n-
°pI F∂ Dt±- i -
tØmsS am{X-am-bn-cp-
∂p. B nb- { ¥- W -
߃ Ap-k-cn-®p≈
coXn- b m- W v C∂pw
Xr»q¿ ]qc- Ø n¬
Ap-h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂-
Xv. ka- b - Ø nepw
BNm-cßfnepw Nn´-I-
- -
fn-ep-ap≈ A®-S°hpw
-
ImgvN-I-fpsS ta∑-bp-
amWv Xr»q¿ ]qc-
Ønv A¥m- c mjv { S
{]ikvXn tSn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. ]qcw Znhkw cmhnse Ggp aWn-tbmsS
Xr»q¿ ]qc-Ønp BIm-hp-∂Xpw Acp-Xm- IWn-aw-Kew imkvXmhv ]qc-∏-d-ºn-se-Øp-tºmƒ
ØXpw Bb Imcy- ß ƒ i‡≥Xºp- c mpw Bcw-`n-°p∂ i_vZ-a-[p-cn-a-bp-tSbpw h¿W-ß-fp-
]pdsI h∂ cmPm-°-∑m-cp-amWv nP-s∏-Sp-Øn-b- tSbpw KP-tLmj bm{X-I-fp-tSbpw BIm-i-sØ-
cn-bp∂ i_vZ-h¿W {]]-©-Øn-t‚bpw D’hw
Xv. CXp-{]-Imcw 15 B-Isf Fgp-∂-≈n-°m-p≈
]nt‰∂v Xncp-h-ºm-Sn-˛-]m-d-ta-°mhv `K-h-Xn-am-cpsS
Ah-Imiw Xncp-hºm-Sn°pw ]md-ta-°m-hnpw am{X-
-
]I¬∏q- c - t ØmsS kam- ] n- ° p- t ºmƒ Kcw
am-Wv. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]c-am-h[n B-I-fpsS FÆw
BÀm-Z-Øn-an¿∏ns‚ 30 aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ ]n∂n-Sp-∂p.
14 BWv. Xncp-h-ºm-Sn°v ]gb S-°m-hn¬ aT-
Xncp-h-ºm-Sn-bpsS aT-Øn¬hc-hns‚ ]©-hmZy
Ønp ap∂nepw Sp-hn-emepw mbv°-m-enepw
a{¥-[z-n-Ifpw, ]md-ta-°m-hns‚ Ce-™n-Ødtafw - -
]¥-ep-Iƒ Db¿Ømw; ]md-ta-°m-hnv aWn-I-WvT-
s]mgn-°p∂ QwIm-chpw, Ccp-tZ-hn-am-cp-tSbpw IqSn-
m-en-epw. tXmc-W-߃ XpS-ßn-b-hbpw Cu c≠v
°mgvN ka-bsØ IpS-am-‰-Øn¬ I≠ h¿Æ-
hn`m-K-߃t° Db¿Øm-m-hq. shSn-s°´v Xncp-
ßfpw, ]qcw cm{Xn-bpsS A¥y-bm-a-ß-fn¬ BIm-
h-ºm-Sn°pw ]md-ta-°m-hnpw am{Xw. ]n‰-∂m-fsØ
iØp nd™ h¿Æ Nn{X-ßfpw Hm¿Øp-sIm≠v
]I¬ ]qchpw Ah¿°p-am-{Xta ]mSq. a‰p-≈h¿°v -
]qc-°-º-°m¿ hnS-]-d-b-env km£yw hln®v Dd-
]qc-∏-d-ºn¬ Hcp IXn--t]mepw ]mSn-√. IXn
°-®-S-thm-sS, kzKr-l-ßfnte°v aS-ßp-tºmƒ a-
shbv°m≥ Ap-hm-Z-ap-s≠-¶nepw Hch-k-c-Øn¬
n¬ Ipdn-bv°p∂p ˛ ASpØ h¿jsØ ]qcw
101-˛¬ IqSp-X¬ hø. Aan-´p-Iƒ 10 ne-bn¬ IqSp-
taSw....... Xnø-Xn. AsX Xriq¿°m-cpsS h¿jw
X¬ hø F∂nhbmWv Ah-bn¬ apJy-am-b-h.
]qcw apX¬ ]qcw hscbmWv.
s{]m^: am[- h ≥Ip´n : dn´. tImtfPv A[ym- ] - I ≥. XnI™ Iem- k v t - l n.
Xncp-h-ºmSn tZhkzw {]kn-U‚v.
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12. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
Kpcp-hm-bq¿ D’hw
Kpcp, Kpcp-hm-bq¿
BNmcy X]- m- hn`hkar- ≤ - h p- a mb
avmb kZybpw a‰pw {]tXyIw
Pt] nb-ta-N {it≤- b - a m- W v . C{]-
D’-th--∂-Zm-t Imcw kakv X LS- I -
t£{X-hr-≤nkvXp ßfpw ka¿∞hpw
]©[ kar-≤hp-ambn ka-z-bn-
-
BNmcy njvT, bv ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ p- s h- ∂ Xv
thZ P]w, nb-X-amb Kpcp- h m- b q¿ D’- h -
nXy-n-Zm-w, D’-hw, Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-X-
A∂- Z mw F∂o s∂-bm-Wv.
A©p LS-I-ß-fs{X ""DZvkq-tX-l¿jw
t£{Xm- ` n- h r- ≤ nbv ° v CXn D’hw'' F∂m-
nZm-w. Xm]-k-Xp-ey- Wt√m {]am-Ww. AXm-
cmb BNm- c y- ∑ m¿, bXv P-a-- p-I-fn¬
AXn-n-jv°¿j-X-tbm- B-μsØ Pn-∏n-°p-
sS-bp≈ ]cn-ip-≤nbpw ∂Xv D’hw
{hX-n-jvT-bpw, F∂¿∞w. D’- h -
Xm{¥nI hn[n-b-p-k-cn- Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥
®p≈ {Inbm- h n- t i- j - th≠n FhnsS ns∂m-
ßfpw th≠-Xp-t]mse s°tbm h∂-h¿, ]e
Ap- j v T n- ® p- h - c p- ∂ p. tZi- ° m¿, ]e `mj-
nXyhpw thZ- P - ] w, °m¿, ]e {]mb-°m¿,
amk-t¥mdpw apd-P-]w, `n∂-amb {]Ir-X-°m¿,
D’- h m- Z n- Z n- - ß - f n¬ hyXyÿ kz`m-h-°m¿.
hnti-jn®pw Iq´p-ap-dbpw a‰p-ambn thZ-]m-cm-bWw AXp-sIm≠p Ah¿ Gh¿°pw Ap-tbm-Py-amb
apg-ßn-tIƒ°p-∂p. BZn-i-¶-cm-Nm-cy-kzmanIfm¬ C- ß ƒ°v hI ¬In- s Im≠p≈- X m- b n- c n-
kwhn-[mw sNø-s∏´ nXy-n-Zm--ßfpw BNm- bv°Ww D’-h-Øns‚ LS-I-߃.
cm-p-jvTm--ßfpw B≠p hnti-j-ßfpw AtX-]- tIc-f-Ønse D’-h-ßsf k{º-Zmbt`Z-
Sn-Xs∂ XpS-cp-∂p. D’-hmZn B≠p hnti-j-߃ ߃°-p-k-cn®v kmam-y-ambpw aq∂mbn Xcw
h¿jw-tXmdpw ]q¿Δm-[nIw `‡n{i≤-tbmSpw -Xn-cn-°mw. A¶p-cm-Zn, [zPm-Zn, ]S-lm-Zn. BZyw
IrXy-n-jvT-tbmSpw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-I- apf-bn-S¬, AXnptijw sImSn-tb‰w XpS-ßnb
tfmSpIqSn BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. NS-ßp-Iƒ S-Øp-∂Xv A¶p-cm-Zn. sImSn-tb-‰-
t£{Xw Du´p-]p-c-bn¬ nXyhpw c≠p-t- Ønp tijw apf-bn-S¬ NS-ßp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p-
chpw {]kmZDu´p (A∂Zmw) S-∂p-h-cp-∂p-s≠- ∂Xv [zPm-Zn. Ch- c-≠n¬ n∂pw hyXy-ÿ-am-bn,
¶nepw B≠p-hn-ti-j-ß-fm-Ip-tºmƒ hn]p-ehpw Xm{¥nI I¿Ω-߃°v {]k‡n C√m-sX-bp≈
- 173 -

13. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
Kpcp- h m- b q¿ t£{X- Ø n- e p-
≠mb h≥ A·n- _ m[sb
XpS¿∂v 1972 apX¬ F√m-
h¿jhpw apS-ßmsX D’-h-
Øns‚ apt∂m-Sn-bmbn kl-
{k-I-eiw S-Øn-h-cp-∂p≠v.
IeiNS-ßp-Iƒ XpS-ßp-∂Xp
apX¬ D’hw sImSn Cd-ßp-
∂- X p- h sc kz¿Æw
sIm≠p≈ ]qPm ]m{X-ßfpw
lhn- p-]m-en-I-bpw, Dcp-fnbpw
a‰pamWv D]-tbm-Kn-bv°p-∂-Xv.
kmamyw k¶o¿Æhpw ka-{K-
hp-amb kl-{k-I-ei NS-ßp-
Iƒ t£{X- ˛ - h n- { Kl
ssNXyh¿≤--hnpw sFiz-
cymZn A`n-hr-≤n-Iƒ°pw khn-
sImSn-tb-‰hpw ]e Znh-k-ß-fnepw Bdm-´n-m- ti-j-am-Wv. D’hw sImSn-tb-‰-Øns‚ Xte-Zn-
bp≈ Fgp-∂-≈n∏pw, ]qcw ]pd-∏mSpw a‰p-ambn hkw kl{kIe-ihpw {_“-I-e-ihpw A`n-
]m≠n-tafw apX-emb hmZy-tLm-j-߃°v apJy tjIw S-°p∂ hn[-Øn-emWv Ie-i-®-S-ßp-Iƒ
{]m[myw ¬Ip∂ D’-h-ßsf ]S-lm-Zn-bn¬ {Iao-I-cn®p hcp-∂-Xv.
Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw. CXn¬ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ D’hw A¶p- D’hw H∂mw Znh-k-amb sImSn-tb‰wmƒ
cm-Zn-bm-bn-´mWv S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. D®-]qP hsc-bp≈ NS-ßp-Iƒ km[m-cW Znh-
Ipw`-am-k-Ønse ]qbw £{Xw cm{Xn ksØ t]mse Xs∂- b m- W v . F∂m¬ A∂p
hcp∂ kpZn--Øn-emWv Kpcp-hm-bq¿ sImSn-tb-‰w. cmhnse “B-bn-√mØ iothen”bpw, D®°v Ing-
CXnv HcmgvN apºp-Xs∂ Ie-i-Øn-∂m-bp≈ s°- -S-bnse aRvP-fm¬Ød-bn¬n-∂p≈ “B-
BNm-cy-h-c-Ww, ip≤n-I¿Ω-߃, tlmam-Zn-Iƒ tbm´”hpw {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv. Hcp sFXn-
apX-emb Xm{¥nI NS-ßp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-bv°pw. ly-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Ws{X CXns‚ IY.
t£{Xw hmXn¬amS-Øn¬ Pzen-bv°p∂ tlma- ]≠p ]≠v Kpcp- h m- b q¿ t£{Xw C∂- s Ø-
Ip-WvU-ßfpw, IqØ-º-e-Øn¬ Ae-¶-cn®v ]fl- t]mse Hcp alm-t£-{X-ambn Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Xn-cp-
an´v hnhn[ {Zhy-߃ nd-®p- sh®v ]qPn® 26 ∂-Im-e-Øv, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ tZh-kz-Ønv kz¥-ambn
kz¿Æ IpS-ßfpw 974 sh≈n-°p-S-ßfpw IqSmsX B-sbm∂pw C√m-bn-cp-∂p-hs{X. D’hw H∂mw
Ipwt`-i≥, I¿°cn apX-em-b-h-tbmSpw IqSn hmZy- Znhkw cmhnesØ iothen B-bn-√msX Xs∂
tLm-j-ß-tfmsS henb kz¿Æ-°p-S-Øn¬ {_“- S-∂p. “B-bn-√mØ ioth-en-t]mse” F∂
I-eiw Fgp-∂-≈n®v D®∏qPbv°p apºmbn `K- D]a ΩpsS m´n¬ Ft¥m Nne t]mcm-bva-bpsS
hmv A`n- t jIw sNøp- t ºmƒ AXp- I ≠p ]cymbw IqSn-bm-W-t√m. (CXns‚ Hm¿Ω-bv°m-
sXmgm≥ XSn-®p-Iq-Sp∂ `‡-P--Øn-c-°pw Ap- bn-´m-Ws{X C∂v 65 B-I-fp-s≠-¶nepw D’hw
`-hhpw Ah¿Æ-obw Xs∂. CXn-s‚-sb√mw H∂mw Znhkw cmhn- e sØ ioth- e n°v B
hn]p- e hpw n¿t√m- ` - h p- a mb Hcp- ° - ß fpw -]-Xn-hn-√.) CXn¬ IpWvTnX-cmb `‡-∑m¿ `K-
njv°¿j-Xbpw Kuc-hhpw a‰pw I≠m¬ Hcp hm-tm-Sp-- Xs∂ k¶Sw ]d-™p. B-{]-nbpw
bmKkam- - a mb b⁄- i m- e - b mtWm F∂p `‡-h-’-e-p-amb `K-hmpw CXv Ak-ly-ambn
tXm∂n-t]m-Ipw. 1970 hw-_¿ 29-˛mw XobXn cm{Xn tXm∂n. ]≠v ]memgnaYw Ign™v tamln-n-
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14. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
B-Iƒ t£{XsØ e£y-am-
°n- s Im≠v Hm´w XpS- ß pw.
Bthiw Ae-X-√p∂ B¿∏p-
hn-fn-I-fp-ambn AtIw t]¿
AXnp ]n∂mse HmSpw.
G‰hpw ap∂n¬ HmSn-sbØn
Ings° tKm]p-c-I-hmSw BZyw
IS∂v t£{X-Øn-te°v {]th-
in-°p∂ Bsb amcm¿ iwJp
hnfn®v kzoI-cn-°pw. XpS¿∂v
t£{X aXn¬°- I - t Ø°v
{]th-in-°p∂ B-Iƒ F√mw
aXn¬°-IØv Ggp-{]-Z-£nWw
thjw ]q≠v KPm--s‚ ]nXm-hmb {io]-c-ta- HmSn sImSn-acØnp ap∂n-seØn Kpcp-hm-bq-c∏s
- - -
iz-cs-t]mepw Cu temIw apgp-h≥ HmSn-∏n® Kpcp-
- hW-ßp-∂-tXmsS B-tbm-´-N-Sßv kam-]n-°pw.
hm-bq-c-∏-pt≠m GXmpw B-Isf BI¿jn- t£{X-Øn-ItØ°v sIm≠p-hcp-hm≥ _p≤n-ap-
- - -
°p-hm≥ {]bmkw? F¥n-[nIw ]d-bp-∂p, A∂p-
- ´p≈ B-Isf Ing-s°-tKm-]p-cØnp ]pd-Øp-hsc
-
®°v aq∂p aWn-bm-b-t∏mƒ Aß-Ise Xr°-Wm- sIm≠p-h∂v sXmgp-hn®v sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. B-tbm-
a-Xn-eIw F∂ t]cn¬ ]≠p Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ ´-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ap-tbm-Py-amb B-I-
(C∂v Cu t£{Xw C√ F∂m-W-dn-hv) Hcp alm fpsS km≤y-Xm-]´n-Ibn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ B-
- -
t£{X- Ø nse D’hw Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n- ∏ n- Isf t£{X-Sbn¬ sh®v dp-s°-Sp-∏n-eqsS n›-
- -
mbn Igp-Øn¬ IpS-a-Wn-Ifpw sI´n n¿Øn-bn- bn-°p∂ kº-Zmbw Cu ASp-ØIm-eØp Bcw-`n-- -
cp∂ B-Iƒ Iq´-tØmsS HmSn-h∂v Kpcp-hm-bq¿ ®n-´p-≠v. C{]-Imcw S-°p∂ B-tbm-´Øn¬ hnP- -
t£{X aXn¬°- I Øv nc∂p n∂p- h - s {X. bn®v H∂mw ÿm-sØ-Øp∂ Bsb D’hw
CXns‚ kvac-W-°m-bn-´mWv Kpcp-hm-bq¿ D’hw Ign-bp-∂Xp-hsc t£{X-Øn¬ n∂v ]pd-tØ°v
-
sImSn-tb‰ Znhkw D®bv°v aq∂p aWn°v Ing- sIm≠pt]m-ImsX ioth-en, {io`q-X-_en F∂n-
s°--S-bnse aRvP-fm¬Ød-bn¬ n∂v t£{X- h°v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-Ibpw {]tXyI ]cn-K-W
Øn-te-°p≈ B-tbm´w F∂ NSßv S-∂p-h- ¬Ip-Ibpw ]Xn-hp≠v.
cp-∂-Xv. A∂v k‘ybv°v Zo]m-cm-[--°p-tijw
A∂p-®°v t£{X-Ønse sImSn-a-c-Ød D’-h-Øns‚ Xm{¥nI NS-ßp-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°pw.
]Øp-Im-c≥ hmcn-b¿ ASn-®p-X-fn®v Acn-amhv t£{Xw Ducm-f≥ a√n-t»cn ºq-Xncn t£{Xw
AWn™v, ne-hn-f°v IØn-®p-sh®v nd-]-d-sNm- X{¥n tN∂mkv ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Snv Iqdbpw ]hn-
cn™v Hcp-°n-hvbv°p-∂p. B-Iƒ°v Igp-Øn¬ {Xhpw ¬In-s°m≠v BNmcy hcWw S-Øp-
sI´m-p≈ IpS-aWname-Iƒ Acn-am-h-Wn-™- ∂p. ]ns∂ me-º-e-Øn--IØv aWn-°n-W-dnp
Xns‚ apI-fn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p-sh-bv°pw. t£{X- kao-]-ap≈ apf-b-d-bn¬ Xm{¥nI hn[n-b-p-k-cn®v
Ønse mgn-I-aWn aq∂-Sn-®m¬ ]mc-ºcy Ah- 12 Xcw [my-߃ [-hc (s-√v), Aa-c, apXn-c,
Im-in-bmb I≠n-bq¿ ]´Øv ºo-i≥ IpS-a-Wn- Xphc (]-b¿), sNdp-]-b¿, h≥]-b¿, bhw, Xn,
°q-´-߃ FSpØv amtZ-ºm´v ºym¿°v sImSp- Nma, F≈v, ISp-Iv, Dgp∂v] CS-I-e¿Øn tN¿Øv
°pw. At±lw AXv AXmXv B- ° m¿°pw BZyw ]menepw ]ns∂ sh≈-Ønepw Igp-In-sb-
ssIam-dpw. Ah¿ AXpw FSpØv HmSn-sIm≠v SpØv sh≈n-sIm-≠p≈ 16 ]men-I-I-fn¬ hnXdn
aRvP- f m¬ Xd- b n¬ A£- a - c mbn ImØp- apf-]qP n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-tXmsS D’-h-Ønv apf-
n¬°p∂ B-I-fpsS Igp-Øn¬ sI´p-∂-tXmsS bn-S¬ NSßv S-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂p≈ Znh-k-ß-
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15. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
en- ° p- a p- º mbn me- º - e -
Ønp Np‰pw {]tXy-I-ÿm-
-ß-fn¬ t£{Xw HmXn-Iy-
∑m¿ {]tXyIw ]qP- I ƒ
SØn Zn°p- s Im- S n- I ƒ
ÿm]n- ° p- ∂ p. D’- h -
Øns‚ ]cn-]m-eNpa-Xe
AjvSZn-Iv]m-e∑msc Gev]n-
- -
°p∂ NS-ßm-Ws{X CXv.
AXn-p-tijw ioth-en°v
Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-I-bm-bn.
aWvU-e-°m-e-amb
hr›nIamk-Øn¬ I≠p-h-
cp∂ CSp- X p- S n, hocmWw
F∂o hmZy- h n- t i- j - ß ƒ
D’- h - ° m- e sØ ioth-
en°pw ]Xn-hp-≠v. aWvU-e-
°m-eØv cmhn-tebpw cm{Xn-
bntebpw ioth- e n- ° mWv
fn¬ nXyhpw aq∂p tcw a™ƒ-s∏mSn hnXdn A©p {]Z-£n-W-sa-¶n¬ D’-h-°m-eØv D®-
{XnIme]qP S-Øp-∂p. Cu apf-Iƒ D’hw 9˛mw bv°pw cm{Xn-bnepw ioth-en-°mWv A©p {]Z-
Znhkw ]≈n-th´mƒ cm{Xn a-kvImc aWvU- £nWw F∂ {]tXy- I - X - b p- ≈ Xv . taf{]Z-
]-Øn¬ `K-hms‚ ]≈n-°p-dp-∏n-p-Np‰pw Ae-¶- £nWØnp ap∂n¬ h¿Æ-ØgIƒ, kqcy-adIƒ, - - - -
cn-®psh®v Im-Omb krjvSn-b°p-Ibpw, ASpØ
- v sImSn-°q-d-Iƒ apX-emb cmP-Iob Nn”-ß-tfm-Sp-
Znhkw cmhnse apf-{]-km-Z-ambn `‡-P--߃°v Iq-Snb ImgvN»o-then D’-h°m-eØpam{Xw I≠p-
- -
hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw ]Xn-hp-≠v. h-cp∂ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. aq∂p-t-chpw hnkvX-
apf-bn-S¬ Ign-™m¬ DS≥Xs∂ sImSn-]qP cn-®p≈ taf-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Fgp-∂-≈n∏v B_m-e-
SØn kz¿Æ[zP-Ønse Kcp-U-hm-l-sØ hr≤w P-߃°pw B-μ-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. cmhn-
esØ iothen Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ ]me-`n-tj-
Bhm-ln®v X{¥n--ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv sImSn-tb-‰w S-
Iw, h-Iw, ]¥o-cSn]qP apX-em-b-h-bm-Wv. AXn-
Øp-∂p. AXn-p-tijw AØm-g-∏q-P, {io`q-X-_-
p-tijw {io`q-X-_en Fgp-∂-≈n-®p, me-º-e-
en-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb sImSn-∏p-dØp hnf°v F∂nh
Øn--IØp sX°p-h-iØv k]vX-am-Xr-°ƒ°v
Ign™v S AS-°p-∂p. km[m-cW Znh-k-ß-fn¬
lhn- p- Xq-hp-tºmƒ Ae-¶-cn® kz¿Æ ]gp-°m-
AØm-g-»o-th-en°p tijw cm{Xn- S AS-bv°p-
a- W v U - ] - Ø n¬ `K- h ms Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n- ® p- s h®v
∂-Xn-p-sXm-´p-ap-ºmbn S-Øp∂ “Xr∏pI” F∂
ImWn°-b¿∏n®v sXmgp-hm≥ `‡-P--Øn-c°v
NSßv D’- h - ° m- e Øv ]Xn- h n- √ . F∂m¬
Ap-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]I¬ {io`q-X-_-enbpw D’-h-
X’abw Ings° B-s°m-´n-en-¬ amcm¿ iwJp-
°m-eØp am{Xw I≠p-h-cp∂ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv.
hn-fn®v ASpØ Znh-ksØ D’hw Adn-bn∏v
{io`q-X-_en me-º-e-Øn--IsØ NS-ßp-Iƒ
NSßv S-Øp-∂p. CXv D’-h-°m-eØv am{Xw
Ign-™v ]pd-tØ°v IS∂v aXn¬°-IØv B-∏p-
]Xn-hp≈ NS-ßm-Wv. dØv aq∂p {]Z-£nWhpw Ign-™v mem-asØ
ASpØ Znh-k-amb D’hw c≠mwmƒ io{L-_en Hm´-{]-Z-£n-W-Ønv B_m-e-hr≤w
cmhnse Dj-∏qP hsc-bp≈ NS-ßp-Iƒ km[m- P-ßfpw Bth-i-]q¿Δw IqsS HmSp-∂p. AXn-p-
cW Znh-k-tØ-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ Ign™v ioth- tijw {io`qX_en AI-tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈n-®m¬
- 176 -

16. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
h-Iw, D®-]qP F∂nh Ign™v S AS-°p-∂p. ]-‰v, Ipg¬]‰v F∂n-h-°p-tijw ho≠p-samcp
D’-h°m-eØv D®bv°pw ImgvN»o-th-en-bp-
- - ]mWn {]Z-£nWw Ign™v hnf-°nv Fgp-∂-≈n-
≈-Xn-m¬ D®°v aq∂p-a-Wn-tbmsS S-Xp-d∂v °p-I-bm-bn. D’-h-m-fp-I-fnse Fgp-∂-≈n-∏p-
ioth-en°v Fgp-∂-≈n°pw. aq∂p ]mWn-{]-Z-£n- Iƒ°p-am{Xw ]Xn-hp≈ IpS-a-Wn-am-ebpw ]´p-I-
Whpw ]ns∂ taf-{]-Z-£n-Whpw Ign™v sshIp- bdpw Igp-Øn-e-Wn-™v, s‰n-∏´w sI´n ]´p-Ip-
t∂cw Bdp- a - W n- t bmsS AI- t Ø°v Fgp- ∂ - Sbpw Be-h-´-ßfpw sh¨Nm-a-c-ß-fp-ambn AWn-
≈n°pw. XpS¿∂v kqcym-kvX-abka-bØv Zo]m- n-c-°p∂ KP-ho-c-∑m-cn¬ Sp-hnse B-∏p-dØv
cm-[-bpw, cm{Xn AØm-g-]q-Pbpw Ign™v cm{Xn- `K-hms‚ tImew Ib‰n Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-tºmƒ
bnse {io`q-X_en°v Fgp-∂≈n-°p-Ibm-bn. {io`q-
- - - - AXnp ap∂n¬ amcm-cpsS sIm´n-∏mSn tkh
X-_-en-bpsS NS-ßp-I-tfmSp IqSnb mep {]Z-£n- SØn tNßn-e-bn¬ Xmfw ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v CS-
W-Ønp tijw ]mWn-sIm´n {]Z-£n-W-am-bn- °bpw mZ-kz-chpw iwJ-[z-nbpw tN¿∂p≈
h∂v hSs° S-∏p-c-bn¬ Ae-¶-cn® ]gp°m mZka-zbw s]bvXn-d-ßp-tºmƒ Np‰-º-e-Ønp
aWvU-]-Øn¬ `K-hms Fgp-∂-≈n®p sh°p-∂p. Np‰p-ap≈ Nncm-Xp-hn-f-°p-I-fnse Zo]-m-f-߃
AtXmsS Xmb-ºI sIm´n-Øp-S-ßpw. XpS°w Hcp kz¿Æ{]` hmcn hnX-dp-tºmƒ, Aym-Zr-ihpw
Ip´n-Øm-b-º-Ibpw, ]ns∂ {]K-¤cpw {]i-kvX- AhmNy-hp-amb Ap-`qXn Bkzm-Z-I¿°v e`n-°p-
cp-ambhcpsS ct≠m aqt∂m Xmb-ºIbpw D≠m- ∂p. AXn-p-tijw taf{]Z-£n-W-߃ Ign™v
Ipw. X’-abw ImWn-°-b¿∏n®p sXmgm≥ `‡- AI- t Ø- s °- g p- ∂ - ≈ n®v S AS- ° p- ∂ - t XmsS
P--ß-fpsS ne-°mØ {]hmlw Xs∂-bm-bn-cn- A∂sØ NS-ßp-Iƒ ]cy-h-km-n-°p-∂p.
°pw. Xmb-º-I-bnse Xmf-h-´-ß-fp-tSbpw Iqdp-I- D’hw c≠mw Znh-ksØ NS-ßp-Iƒ (cm-
fp-tSbpw Xodp-Ifp-tSbpw G‰n-®p-cp-°ep-IƒsIm≠v
- - hnse Zn°psImSn-Iƒ ÿm]n-°¬ Hgn-sI) Xs∂-
mZ-tKm-]p-c-߃ krjvSn-°p-tºmƒ, B hmZy-hn- bmWv Ggmw D’hw hsc XpS-cp-∂-Xv. ]≠p-Im-
kva-b-Øn¬ BIr-jvS-cmbn Bkzm-Z P-k-Z v eØv Bdmw D’hw ]p∂-Øq¿ tImhn-eIw hI-
aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ ]n∂n-Sp-∂Xv Adn-bm-dn-√. Xmb-º- bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v tI´n-´p-≠v. Bdmwhnf°p Znhkw
I-I-sf√mw sIm´n-°-em-in®p Xo¿∂m¬ sImºp- D®sØ ImgvN-»o-then apX¬ kz¿Æ-t°mew
Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-h-cp-
∂p. F´mw
hnf°p Znh- k -
amWv D’-h_en.- -
AXn-m¬ A∂p-
cm-hn-esØ ioth-
en- b psS tafw
h√msX hnkvX-cn-
°m- d n- √ . tafw
Iem- i n® DSs
`K-hms Fgp-∂-
≈n® B-bpsS
ap∂n¬ F√m
sImºp-Imcpw
nc∂p n∂p
sIm≠v hnkvX-cn-
s®mcp sImºp-]‰v
]Xn-hp-≠v.
- 177 -

17. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
]s≠m-cn-°¬
ioth-en-bpsS taf-
Ønv sImºp-Im¿
FØp-hm≥ Aev]w
s s h I n -
t∏mbnsb∂pw
AXn-p≈ {]m›n-
Ø-ambn Bcw-`n-®-
XmWv Cu NSsß
∂pw ]d™p tI´n-
´p- ≠ v. sImºp-
]‰pIgn-™m¬
B- ∏ p- d - Ø p- n∂v
kz¿Æt°mew
Cd°n `K- h ms
AI-tØ°v Fgp-∂-
≈n-°p-∂p. ]me-`n-
tj- I w, h- I w,
]¥o- c Sn ]qP
F∂nh Ign-™m¬
D’-h-_-en°v
]mWn-sIm-´pw. me-º-e-Øn--IØv aWn-°n-W-dn- Xs∂ hnkvX-cn®v aWn-sIm´n ]qP-tbm-sS-bp≈
∂-Sp-Ømbn ne-hn-f°v IØn®v nd-]-d-sh®v KW- _en-k-a¿∏-W-amWv n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-
]-Xn°v m°n-e-bn¬ mfn-tI-c-]qfpw i¿°-cbpw ≠v hf-sc-tbsd kab IqSp-X¬ th≠n-h-cp-∂Xpw
t{¥-∏-ghpw sh®v tZn®v amcm¿, hnf°v ]nSn- AXn-k-¶o¿Æ-am-b-Xp-amWv D’-h-_en NS-ßp-
°m¿ F∂n-h¿ Ipfn®p ip≤-ambn tImSn-hkv{Xw Iƒ. me-ºeØn-IØv sX°p-hiØp≈ k]vX-
- - - - -
Np‰n, DØ-co-b-hp-a-Wn™v `K-hm-tmSpw t£{Xw am-Xr-°-fpsS _en-°-√n¬ Xqhp-tºmƒ Ae-¶-cn®
Ducm-f-tmSpw X{¥n-tbmSpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I- kz¿Æ ]gp-°m-a-WvU-]-Øn¬ hocm-fn-∏´phncn®v
tfmSpw Ap-hmZw hmßn hfsc `‡nbmZ-c]q¿Δw
- AXn¬ `K-hms Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-sh-°p-∂p. X’-
henb ]mWn sIm´p-∂p. D’-h-_-en°v k¿Δ abw ap∏- Ø n- a p- t °mSn tZho- t Z- h - ∑ m- c p- t Sbpw
tZh-K-W-ß-tfbpw £Wn-°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv k¶- km∂n≤yw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-Ip-sa-∂mWv hnizm-kw.
ev]w. hfsc `‡n{i≤-tbmSpw GIm-{K-X-tbmSpw X’-a-bØv D’-h-_en Z¿i--Øn-mbn `‡-P-
IqSn sNtø≠ Kuc-h-ta-dnb Hcp NS-ßm-Wn-Xv. -ß-fpsS A`q-X-]q¿Δ-amb Xn°pw Xnc°pamWv
X{¥nbpw a‰pw CsX√mw Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc Pe- Ap-`-h-s∏-Sm-dp-≈-Xv.
]mw t]mepw Ign-°m-dn-√. F√mw th≠-Xp-t]m- me- º - e - Ø n- ∂ - I sØ NS- ß p- I ƒ Ign-
se-bm-bm¬ k¿Δ awK-f-ßfpw `hn-°pw. adn®m- ™m¬ ]Xps° ]pd-tØ°p IS∂v aXn¬°-
bm¬ acWw hsc kw`-hn-°m-sa-∂mWv hnizm- IsØ _en-°-√p-I-fnepw n›nX ÿm-ß-fnepw
kw. “]mWn ]ng-®m¬ tImWn” F∂m-Wt√m ]g- X{¥n Xqhp- t ºmƒ B- ∏ p- d Øv `K- h ms‚
sam-gn. km[m-c-W-Zn-h-k-ß-fnse ioth-en°pw km∂n≤yw IqsS D≠m-Ipw. henb _en-°-√n¬
{io`q-X_en°pw a‰pw _en-°√p-Ifnepw a‰pw bYm-
- - - - Xqhp-tºmƒ hnti-jm¬ hmZy-tLm-j-ßfpw ]Xn-
hn[n lhn- p-Xq-hn-t]m-hp-I-bmWv ]Xn-sh-¶n¬, hp-≠v. D’h_en°v Xqhp∂ lhn v aq∂p Xc-
D’-h-_-en°v AXmXv ÿm-ß-fn¬ AXmXv ap-≠v. tZh-K-W-߃°pw ZnIv]m-e-∑m¿°pw a‰pw
tZhntZh- ∑ m¿°v `K- h ms‚ km∂n- ≤ y- Ø n¬ ip≤ lhn- v. ]m¿j-Z-∑m¿°pw ]cn-hm-c-߃°pw
- 178 -

18. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
a™ƒs∏mSn tN¿Ø a™ lhn- v. `qX-K-W- ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv Zo]m-cm-[ S-Øp-∂-Xv F∂Xpw
߃°v `qX-Iqc lhn- v. AXm-bXv F≈v, Acn- {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. X’-abw ImWn-°-b¿∏n®v `K-
s∏m-Sn, Ahn¬, ae¿ F∂nh hdp-Øp-s]m-Sn®v h¬Z¿iw S-Øp-hm≥ An-b-{¥n-X-amb `‡-
tN¿Øv t{¥-°m-b, IZ-fn-°mb F∂n-h-bpsS P-Øn-c°v Ap-`hs∏-Sp-∂p. Zo]m-cm-[ Ign™
- - -
IjvW-߃ C´ lhn- v. C{]-Imcw X{¥n a{¥- DS≥Xs∂ `K-hm≥ {Kma{]Z-£n-W-Øn-mbn Fgp-
]p-c- cw lhn p Xqhn-sIm≠v Ggv {]Z-£n-W- ∂-≈p-I-bm-bn. `K-hm≥ aXn¬°p-]p-d-tØ°v IS-
Øn-p-tijw D’-h-_en NS-ßp-Iƒ Ign-bp-∂- °p-∂Xpw ]≈n-th-´, Bdm´v F∂o c≠p Znh-k-
tXmsS AI-tØbv°v Fgp-∂-≈n-bv°p-tºmƒ ß-fn¬ am{X-am-Wv.
GXm≠v sshIp-t∂-c-tØm-S-Sp-°pw. XpS¿∂v h- Ia-o-b-amb Na-b-ß-f-Wn™ A©v KP-
Iw, D®-]qP F∂nh IqSn Ign-bp-tºmƒ tcw ho-c-∑m-cpsS Sp-hnse B-∏p-dØv kz¿Æ-t°m-
k‘y-tbm-S-Sp-°p-sa-∂-Xn-m¬ A∂v sshIp-t∂- e-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ Fgp-∂-≈p-∂-tXmsS ]m≠n-ta-f-
csØ iothen NS-ßnp am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s∏- Øns‚ sIme-º¬ Db-cp-∂p. AXns‚ {[pXNe
Sp-Øp-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. XpS¿∂v kqcym-kvX-a-- SKXn-Iƒ°-p-k-cn®v rØw sNøp-I-bmtWm
tØmsS Zo]m-cm-[-, cm{Xn AØm-g-∏qP F∂n- F∂p tXm∂n- ° p∂ hn[w h¿Æi_- f - a mb
h°ptijw {io`q-X-_en, hS-s°--S-bn¬ Fgp- sshZyp- X m- e - ¶ m- c - { ]- ` - b n¬ Ipfn®p n¬°p∂
∂-≈n-®p-sh-°¬, Xmb-º-I, hnf°v apX-em-bh tKm]p-chpw D]tKm]p-c-ßfpw ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ tZh-cq-]-
ap≥Zn-h-k-ß-fn-se-∂-t]mse S-°p-∂p. ß-fpw, IÆnash´pw apt∂ h¿Æ-t`Zw `hn-°p∂
D’-h-Øns‚ HºXmw Znhkw ]≈n-th-´- kz¿Æ sImSn-a-chpw a‰pw Kpcp-]-h--]p-cnsb tZh-
bm-Wv. D’-h-°m-esØ ImgvN-»o-th-en-I-fpsS temIkam-am-°p-∂p. thj-`q-jm-Zn-IfWn™v DSp-
- - -
kam-]w Ipdn-°p-∂-sX∂ ne-bn¬ ]≈n-th´ Øp-sI-´p-ambn Iøn¬ hmfpw ]cn-N-bp-ta¥n If-
Znhkw cmhn-esØ iothen {]tXyIw {it≤-b- cn- ® n- ´ - b n¬ XmWp hWßn AWn- n- c - ° p∂
am-Wv. XpS¿∂v h-Iw, ]me-`n-tj-Iw, ]¥o-c-Sn, IrjvW-m´w Iem-Im-c-∑m¿ ]≈n-th´ Fgp-∂-≈n-
{io`q-X-_-en, D®-]qP apX-em-bh bYm-{Iaw S- ∏nv AI-ºSn tkhn-°p∂p. Fgp-∂≈n∏np ap∂n- - -
Øp- ∂ p. F∂m¬ Ign™ Znh- k - ß - f nse∂ embn awK-f-hmZyw apg-°p∂ m-Z-kz-chpw k{º-
t]mse {io`q-X-_-en°v k]vX-am-Xr-°-fpsS _en- Zmb `P-kw-Lhpw Io¿Ø-߃ Be-]n-°p-∂p.
- -
°-√n¬ lhn- p-Xq-hp-tºmƒ ]gp-°m-a-WvU-]- AXn-p-]n-∂n-embn h¿ÆØg-Iƒ, kqcy-a-d-Iƒ,
Øn¬ Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-sh-°p-∂Xv C∂n-√. sImSn-°q-d-Iƒ apX-em-bh cmP-Iob {]uVn-tbm-
sS-bp≈ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏ns‚ Kmw`ocyw h¿≤n-∏n°p-
sshIp-t∂cw mep-a-Wn-tbmsS S-Xp-d- ∂p. `K-hms‚ ]≈n-th´ Fgp-∂-≈n∏v IS∂p
∂m¬ ]Xnhv ioth-en-°p- ]-Icw `K-hm≥ {Kma- t]mIp∂ hoYn-I-sf√mw ASn®p IgpIn hrØn-
_-en-s°-gp-∂p-≈p-∂Xp-sIm≠v {io`q-X_en Bcw-
- - bm°n Acn-am-h-Wn™v Ipcp-tØme tXmc-W-hn-
`n-bv°p-∂p. F∂m¬ mem-asØ {]Z-£nWw Xm--ß-fmepw sshZyp-Xm-e-¶m-c-ß-fmepw Ia-o-
io{L-_en Hm´ {]Z-£n-WØns‚ Ah-kmw hS-
- b-am°n ne-]-dbpw nd-]-d-bp-ambn `‡ym-Z-c-
°p-˛-In-gs° aqe-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ t£{X-]m-ev ]q¿Δw ImØp-n¬°p∂ `‡-P--ß-sf-sIm≠v
]m{X-tØmsS nth-Zn-°p∂ NSßv X’-abw n_n-U-am-Wv. C{]-Imcw Ipf-{]-Z-£n-W-ambn aμw
D≠m-hn-√. ]ns∂ Ipf-{]-Z-£nWw Ign-™p-h-∂- aμw oßp∂ Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n∏v cm{Xn- kp- a m¿
Xnp tijta S-ØpI ]Xn-hp-≈q. {io`q-X-_en HºXcaWn-tbmsS Ing-s°-tKm-]pcw hgn t£{X-
Ign™v `K-hms sImSn-a-c-Ønp hS-°p-hiw Øn¬ {]th-in®v aXn¬°-IØv {]Z-£n-W-ambn
Ae-¶-cn-®p-sh® ]gp°m aWvU-]-Øn¬ Fgp-∂- h∂v hSs° S-∏p-c-bn¬ tafw Iem-in®v tImew
≈n-®p-sh-°p-∂p. C∂sØ Zo]m-cm-[ ChnsS Cd°n XnS-ºp-am{Xw FSp-Øp-sIm≠v Hm´-{]-Z-£n-
sh®mWv ]Xn-hv. AXpw ]Xn-hn¬ n∂v hyXy- W-Ønv Xøm-dm-bn-n¬°p∂ ]nSn-bm--∏p-dØv
ÿ-ambn ta¬im-¥n-b-√, im¥n-tb‰ Iogvim¥n mbm-´n-p≈ ]pd-∏m-Sm-bn. Ings° S-bn¬ Ieym-
- 179 -

19. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
W-a-WvU-]-Øn-p-k-ao]w FØn amcm¿ aq∂p-X- sh®n- ´ p≈ sh≈n ]oT- Ø n¬ Fgp- ∂
hW iwJp hnfn-°p-tºmƒ, ]pXn-tb-SØv ]njm- -≈n-®p- sh-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Xm{¥nI hn[n {]Im-
tcmSn “ap-jy-߃ lmP-cpt≠m? F∂v hnfn®p cap≈ BNm-tcm-]-Nm-c-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. IS-
tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ ]g-bkap-Zmb aT-Øn¬ (tZ-hkzw
- - emSnNa-X-sIm≠v ]√v tX∏n-°p-∂p, ]® Cu¿°n-
Hm^okv A-Ivkv) n∂v ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fpsS en-sIm≠v mhv hSn-°p-∂p, Pew, a™ƒs]m-Sn,
thjw sI´nb qdp-I-W-°nv `‡-∑mcpw Ah- søv, tX≥, s√-Æ, hmI-s∏mSn apX-emb {Zhy-
cpsS klm- b n- I fpw tN¿∂v Bth- i - t ØmsS ߃ sIm≠v A`n-tjIw S-Øp-∂p. kvmm-Zn-
B¿Øp-hn-fn-®p-sIm-≠v, ImSv CfIn hcp-∂-Xp- Iƒ Ign™v iwJm-`n-tj-Ihpw a‰pw S-Øp-∂p.
t]mse t£{X aXn¬°I-tØbv°v HmSn hcp- ARvPw sIm≠v IsÆ-gp-Xp-∂p. tKmtcm-Nw
∂p. AXnp ]n∂n¬ B∏pdØv `K-hm-pw. A{]- sIm≠v Ipdn-b-Wn-bn-°p-∂p. Nm¥n¬ Z¿`-ap°n
Imcw HºXv Hm´-{]-Z-£nWw ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ s‰n-bn¬ s]m´p-Ip-Øp-∂p. Zi-]p-jv]-߃ NqSn-
AXn¬ Hcp ]∂n-th-jsØ (]m-c-ºcy Ah-Imin °p-∂p. Idp-I, aμm-c-sam-´v, sX®n, Xpfkn F∂n-
hmcn-bØp ho´p-Im-cpsS {]Xn-n-[nsb) `K-hm≥ h-sIm≠p≠m-°nb ame-Iƒ Nm¿Øp-∂p. ap√-∏q-
th´-bmSn ]nSn®p F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn¬ X≠n¬ °ƒ inc- n¬ NqSn°p∂p. hm¬°-Æm-Sn- Im-
sh®p sI´n {]Z-£n-Wambn ]pd-tØbv°v sIm≠p
- Wn®psImSp-°p-∂p. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ BNm-tcm-]-Nm-
t]mIp-∂p. AtXmsS B-∏p-dØpn∂v `K-hms c-߃°pw Ae-¶m-c-߃°pw tijw, Icp-hm´v
Cd°n Fgp-∂-≈n®v AI-tØ°v
sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. AØmg ]qP-
°p-tijw a-kv°m-c-a-WvU-]-
Øn¬ {]tXyIw k÷-am-°nb
]≈n-b-d-bn¬ sh≈n-°-´n-en¬
]´p-sa-Øbpw ]´p-X-e-bn-Wbpw
sh®v AXn¬ `K-hms ]≈n-bp-
d-°p-∂p. ]≈n-m-bm´pIgn™v
]cn-£o-Wn-X-mb `K-hm≥ KmV-
n- { Z- b n- e m- ≠ p- s h- ∂ mWv k¶-
ev ] w. `K- h ms‚ ]≈n- b p- d - ° -
Ønp `wKw hc-cp-sX∂p IcpXn
A∂p cm{Xn t£{X- Ø nse
mgnIaWn t]mepw ASn-°m-dn-√.
ASpØ Znhkw AXn-cm-
hnse Hcp ]ip°p-´n-bpsS hnfn-
tI-´mWv `K-hm≥ DW-cp-∂-sX-
∂mWv hnizm-kw. amcm¿ iwJ-
mZw apg-°p-∂p. Xm{¥nI BNm-
c- ß - t fmsS IWn- t °m- ∏ p- I fpw
]ip-Ip-´n-bpsS ]rjvT-`m-Khpw `K-
hms IWn ImWn-°p-∂p. ]≈n-
bp- W - c p∂ `K- h ms a-
kv°mcaWvU-]-Ønse
iøm-Kr-l-Øn¬ n∂v XnS-∏-≈n-
bpsS ap≥`m- K Øv Hcp°n
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20. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
Bdm´p Znhkw
sshIp-t∂cw bm{Xm-
_- e n- ° mbn ]pd-
tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-
∂Xv aqe- h n- { K- l -
Øn¬ n∂v apgp-h≥
ssNX- yhpw Bhm-
ln-s®-SpØ ]©-tem-
l-Xn-S-ºm-Wv. Xte-Zn-
h-ksØt]mse
Xs∂ sImSn-a-c-®p-h-
´n¬ hS- ° p- ` m- K Øv
kz¿Æ ]gp-°m-aWvU- -
]- Ø n¬ `K- h ms
Fgp-∂-≈n®psh®v
kqcym- k v X - a - b - k - a -
bØv Ahn- s S- s h-
®mWv im¥n- t b‰
Iogvim¥n ºq-Xncn
Zo]m-cm-[ S-Øp-∂-
Xv. XpS¿∂v Ings°
`mcX `´-Xncn Xmfn-tbme sI´-gn®v ]pcm-W-]m- tKm]pcw hgn {Kma-_-en-°mbn `K-hm≥ ]pd-tØ-
cm-bWw SØn `K-hms tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v s°-gp-∂p-≈p-∂p. A©m-, ]©-hm-Zyw, mZ-kz-
ae¿n-th-Zyw, ]pjv]m-RvPen ]qP F∂n-h°p cw, k{º-Zmb `P-, X{¥o-bpsS Im¿Ωn-I-Xzw,
tijw, `K-hms {ioe-I-tØ°v Fgp-∂-≈n-°p- ]©-tem-l-Øn-Sºv apX-em-bh Bdm´v Fgp-∂≈n-
∂p. XpS¿∂v cmhnse kpam¿ Ggp- a - W n°p ∏nv am‰v Iq´p-∂p. Bdm´pIS-hn¬ `K-hmv Bdm-
tijta A∂v `‡-P--߃°v `K-h¬Z¿i--Øn- Sm- p≈ a™- ƒ s∏mSn CSn- ® p- X - ø m- d m- ° n- b Xv
mbn tKm]p-c-߃ Xpd∂p sImSp-°p-I-bp-≈q. kz¿Æ°p-S-Øn¬ B°n, ]´p-sIm≠v s]mXn™v
km[m-c-W-bmbn nXyhpw AXn-cm-hnse aq∂p tImew Fgp-∂-≈n®v B-bpsS sXm´-Sp-Øp≈
aWn-°mWv n¿Ωm-ey-Z¿i--Øn-mbn S-Xp-d-°m- ]‰m--bpsS ]pdØv Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-∂p. t£{Xw
dp-≈-sX-¶n¬, h¿j-Øn¬ Cu Hcp Znhkw (B- Iogvim¥n ºq-Xncn DÆn-Iƒ B-∏pdw Ib-dp-
dm´p Znhkw cmhn-se) am{Xw cmhnse Ggp-a-Wn- hm≥ Bcw`w Ipdn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Ac-t߉w Cu
°p-ti-jta tKm]p-c-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-°p-I-bp-≈q. a™ƒIpSw ]nSn®psIm≠mWv ]Xnhv. Bdm´v
Bdm´p Znhkw cmhnse ioth-enbpw ]Xn-hn√ Fgp-∂-≈n-∏ns‚ cmP-Iob {]uVnbpw, Kuc-hhpw
F∂Xpw {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. km[m-cW Znh-k-ß- AXp-eyw, Ahm-Nyw, Aym-Zriw Fs∂m-s°sb
fnse D®-]q-P-bpsS ka-bØv A∂v ]¥o-cSn ]qP ]d-bm≥ Ign-bq. Bdm´v Fgp-∂-≈n∏v t£{X-°p-f-
Ign™v S AS-°p-∂p. sshIp-t∂cw S Xpd- Øns‚ hS-°p-˛-]-Sn-™mdv aqe-bn¬ FØn-bm¬
∂m¬ `‡-P--߃°v me-º-e-Øn--I-tØ°v ]©- h mZyw Iem- i n®v ]m≠n- t afw XpS- ß pw.
{]th-i--an-√. aqe hn{K-l-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ssNX- GXm≠v Ac- ˛ - a p- ° m¬ aWn- ° q¿ sIm≠v
yhpw ]©-teml hn{K-l-Øn-te°v Bhm-ln-®- memwImew hsc sIm´n Aev]w IqSn apt∂m´v
tijw aqehn{K-l-Øn¬ a™ƒs∏m-Sn- hn-X-dn, oßn ]m≠n-tafw Iem-in-°p-∂p. t£{X-°p-f-
tImSn hkv{Xw sIm≠p s]mXn-™v, Z¿`-]p-√p- Øns‚ hS-°p-˛-In-g°p aqe-bn-embn Hcp Icn-¶¬
sIm≠v hcn-™p-sI-´n-sh-°p-∂p. AØm-Wn- Im-Wmw. AXn-Zm-cp-W-am-sbmcp KX-Im-
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21. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
e-N-cn-{X-kw-`-h-Øns‚ km£n-]{Xw IqSn-bm-Wn- ≈n∏v apt∂m´v oßn-bXs{X. B IpSpw_w C∂pw
- -
Xv. Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s‚ B{inXhm’-ey-Øns‚ Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s‚ kwc-£-W-Øn¬, t£{X-]-cn-Nm-
Ap-`hIY-sØ Ap-kva-cn-°p∂ sNdn-sbmcp c-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fmbn, `K-hms‚ IgI {]hrØn
NSßv ChnsS h®v S-°p-∂p. sNbvXp-h-cp-∂p.
]≠p ]≠v Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s‚ Bdm´v S-∂n- CXns‚ kvac-W-°mbn Bdm´v Fgp-∂-≈n∏v
cp- ∂ Xv kpam¿ mep Intem- a o- ‰ ¿ hS- t °m´v Cu ÿmØv FØn- b m¬ tafmtLmj- ß ƒ
sN∂m¬ tdmU-cp-In-embn ImWp∂ Nm´p-Ip-fØv n¿Øn, amcm¿ aq∂p-X-hW iwJp hnfn®v I≠n-
sh®m- b n- c p- ∂ - h - s {X. AXn- ∂ mbn F√m- h cpw bq¿ ]´Øv ºo-i≥ IpSpw-_-Ønse HcwKw Chn-
Bdm´v Fgp-∂≈n-∏ns Ap-Kan-®p-sIm≠pt]mb-
- - sS-h∂v {]m¿∞n® tijw ho≠pw taf-tØm-Sp-Iq-
t∏mƒ Chn-sS, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X]cn-kcw Gsd- Snb Fgp-∂-≈n∏v Bdm-´p-I-S-hn-tebv°v oßp-∂p.
°psd hnP--am-bn-cp-∂p. `K-hm≥ Bdm-´p-I-gn™v Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-°p-f-amb cp{Z-Xo¿∞-Øn-emWv
Xncn-s®-Øp-tºm-tg°pw At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p- `K-hms‚ Bdm-´v. AXn-m¬ `K-hms‚ Bdm´v
hm-p≈ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ°mbn Imcy-ÿ≥ I≠n- Ign™v AS-bmfw ImWn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Xo¿∞-°p-
bq¿ ]´Øv ºo-ipw GXmpw klm-bn-Ifpw f-Ønse Pew Bcpw sXmS-cpXv F∂v ssa°n-eqsS
am{Xta ChnsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. A∂v sIm®n Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw AXn-∂m-h-iy-amb nb-{¥-W-
cmPm-hns‚ kma-¥-∑mcpw AXn {]_-e∑mcpam- ߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-p-tijw
bn-cp∂ ]p∂-Øq¿ Xºp-cm-°-∑m¿, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X- ° pfw ]pWymlw SØn
t£{Xw Ducmf {]ap-J-m-bn-cp∂ kmaq-Xn-cn-∏m- hcpWkq‡a{¥w P]n®v Bhm-ln-°p-∂-tXmsS
Sp-am-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp∂ a’-csØ XpS¿∂v Nne cp{Z-Xo¿∞-Øn¬ KwK, bap-, tKmZm-h-cn, kc-
AXn¿Øn-X¿°-߃ ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-hs{X. - kzXn apX-emb ]pWy--Zn-I-fpsS {Zhy km∂n≤yw
CXp-Xs∂ ]‰nb Ah-k-c-sa∂v I≠p Ah-cpsS D≠m-Ip-∂psh∂mWv hnizm-kw. B-∏p-dØp-n∂v
-
In¶-c-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿ t£{X-°p-f-Øns‚ hS-°p-˛- Cd°n `K-hms Bdm´p IS-hn-tebv°v Fgp-∂-
In-gs° aqe-bn¬ sh®v, tZhkzw Imcy-ÿ≥ I≠n- ≈n-®m¬ `K-hXn sI´n¬ tIfn-°øv sIm´p-∂p.
bq¿ ]´Øv ºo-is‚ IY Ign-®p. Cu Imcyw aqehn{K-l-Øns‚ ssNXyw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ `K-
S-∂Xv A[n-I-amcpw Adn-™-Xp-an-√. F∂m¬ hms‚ ]©-tem-l-Øn-Sºv Xm{¥nI hn[n-b-p-k-
Xn-°p-th≠n ssIImcyw sNøp∂ Xs‚ G‰hpw cn®v cp{Z- X o¿∞- Ø n¬ ap°n- s b- S pØv BZyw
{]nb-¶-c-mb Imcy-ÿv C{]-Im-c-samcp AXym- a™ƒs]m-Sn-sIm≠pw ]ns∂ Cf-o¿ Pe-Ønepw
]Øv h∂pht√m Ft∂m¿Øv Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏v A`n- t jIw SØn cq{Z- X o¿∞- Ø n¬ ho≠pw
kln-®n-√-t]m¬. B PePtemN--߃ kP-e- Bdm-Sn-°p-∂p.
ß-fm-bn. F¥n--[nIw ]d-bp∂p? Nm´p-Ip-f-Øp- ]≠p ]≠v Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-Øn¬ n∂v
n∂v Bdm- ´ p- I - g n™v aS- ß p∂ Fgp- ∂ - ≈ n∏v kpam¿ aq∂c Intem-ao-‰¿ hS-°p-amdn tIm´-∏Sn
{]kvXpX kw`-h-ÿ-e-Øn-eqsS IS∂p t]mIp- F∂ {Kma-Øn¬ th´phkap-Zm-b-Øn¬s∏´ In´
hm≥ CSbm-b-t∏mƒ `K-hms Fgp-∂-≈n® B Fs∂mcp ]ca`‡-p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp Znhkw
F¥p- s N- b v X mepw Hc- S n- t ]mepw apt∂m´p At±- l - Ø ns‚ hoSp- ] - S n- b v ° ¬ sN∂v “Int´,
oßmsX AhnsS Xs∂ Dd®p n∂nev]m-bn. Int´......” F∂v hnfn-®-t∏mƒ In´ “X{ºm≥” F∂v
B-bpsS Ccp IÆp-I-fn¬ n∂pw angn-o¿ Hgp- hnfn tIƒ°p-I-bpw, “Fnbv°v c≠p Cf-o¿
In-Øp-S-ßn. XpS¿-S-]-Sn-Iƒ°mbn Imcy-ÿs thWw, AXv o Kpcp-hm-bq¿ Ipf-°-S-hn¬ FØn-
ImWp-∂p-an-√. HSp-hn¬ ÿe-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ®m¬ aXn” F∂p- ]-d™v ad-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Znhy≥ h∂v n¿t±-in-®-X-p-k-cn®v I≠n-bq¿ AX-p-kcn®v In´ c≠v Cf-o-cp-ambn Xn°v A∂v
-
]´Øv IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fn¬ Hcmƒ AhnsS h∂v {]th-in-°p-hm≥ ]mSp≈ ÿmw-hsc sN∂v n∂v
“R߃°v k¶-S-an-√. `K-hms‚ Fgp-∂-≈n∏v “Zm CXv X{ºm-p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ipf-°-S-hn-se-Øn-
XpScmw” F∂v ]d™ tijw am{X-amWv Fgp-∂- °Ww” F∂p ]d™v sImSp-Ø-b-®p-h-s{X. A∂p
- 182 -

22. Xma-cw-Ip-f-ßc aI-c-hn-f-°m-tLmj kvac-WnI 2011
cm{Xn In´°v kz]v-Øn¬ `K-hm≥ h∂v Z¿iw ≈n-°p∂ ]©-tem-l-Øn-S-ºnse ssNX-ysØ
¬In-b-s{X. “]Sn-°¬ h∂p hnfn-®Xv Xmm-Wv. aqe-hn-{K-l-Øn-te-°p-Xs∂ D®-kn∏n®v Poh-I-
Cf-o¿ In´n kt¥m-j-ambn”F∂v. Ct∏mgpw eiw (25 IpSw) BSn ssNXyhØm°p-∂p.
Bdm´p Znhkw In´-bpsS IpSpw-_-°m¿ Cf-o¿ XpS¿∂v AØm-g-]q-P, iothen apX-emb NS-ßp-
FØn-°m-dp≠v F∂mWv tIƒ°p-∂Xv. Xºp-cm≥
- Iƒ°p-tijw S AS-°p-∂-tXmsS D’-h-Zn--ß-
]Sn-°¬ h∂-Xn-m¬ B {]tZiw “Xºp-cm≥ fpsS kam-]w Ipdn-°p-∂p.
]Sn” F∂ t]cn-emWv Ct∏mgpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂- I™n kZy
Xv. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-Øn¬ nXyhpw c≠p-
`K-hm≥ cp{Z-Xo¿∞-Øn¬ Bdm-Sp-tºmƒ t-chpw (G-Im-Z-in, hmhv Znh-k-ß-fn¬ cm{Xn
Ic-bnepw I¬∏-S-hp-I-fnepw A£-a-cmbn ImØp- Hgn-sI) {]kmZDu´v (A-∂-Zm-w) ¬In hcp-∂p-
n¬°p∂ Bbn-c-°-W-°nv Bcm-[-I¿ Bth- s≠- ¶ nepw D’- h - I m- e sØ kZybv ° v Gsd
i-Øp-Sn-t∏msS Aº-e-°p-f-Øn-te°v FSp-Øp- {]tXy-I-X-I-fp-≠v. D’hw c≠mwmƒ apX¬
NmSn o¥n-Xp-Sn®v Ipfn-°p-∂p. Bdm´p Ign™ HºXmw Znh-k-amb ]≈n-th´ hsc cmhnse 9
`K-hms CS-Ø-cn-I-Øp-Im-hn¬`K-h-Xn-bpsS aWn apX¬ t£{X˛Du´p-]p-c-bn¬ I™n kZy-
hmXn¬ amS-Øn-te-°mWv Fgp-∂-≈n-®p-sIm≠p bp≠v . hrØn- b p≈ ]mf]m{X- Ø n¬ ndsb
t]mIp-∂-Xv. A∂v, B cm{Xn-bn¬ D®-∏qP Xs‚ NqSp≈ I™nbpw AXv tImcn-Ip-Sn-bv°p-hm≥
ktlm-Z-cn-bmb CS-Ø-cn-IØpImhn-e-Ω-bpsS πmhne Ipºnfpw, hmg-bn-e-bn¬ apXn-c-∏p-gp°pw,
hmXn¬amS-Øn¬ sh®m-Wv. D®-∏qP Ign™v Hm´ Im®n- b - ] - ∏ - S hpw, tXßm°odpw, i¿°- c - ° -
{]Z- £ n- W - Ø nv {]tXyIw s‰n- ∏ ´w sI´n jvWhpw a‰p-amWv hn`-h߃. cm{Xn-bn¬ √ ]pgp-
-
]pdØp ImØpn¬°p∂ ]nSn-bm-∏p-dØv Ibdn
- ß-ecn tNmdpw ck-Im-f≥, Hme≥, ]∏-Sw, D∏n-en-
Ings° tKm]pcw hgn aXn¬°-I-tØ°v {]th- ´Xv apX-em-b-h-bmWv h´-߃. F´mw hnf-°p-Zn-
in-°p∂ `K-hms tKm]p-c-I-hm-S-Øn¬ ]Øp-Im- hkw I™n°v sh∂n-bp-ap-≠m-Ipw. A∂p sshIp-
c≥ hmcn-b¿ sh≈n ssIh-´-I-bn¬ ap√-∏q-°ƒ t∂-csØ kZybv°v Imf≥, Hme≥, Fcn-t»-cn,
nd®v ]pjv]hrjvSn SØn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. amcm¿
- ]pfn-bn-©n, hdp-Øp-t∏-cn, ]gw, ]∏-Sw, ]m¬]m-
iwJ-mZw apg-°p-∂p. h´-∏m-Wn-sIm-´p-∂p. t£{Xw bkw apX-em-b-h-bmWv kZy-h-´-߃. ]I¬ 70
Ducm-f≥ a√-nt»cn ºq-Xncn nd-]d sNmcn™v Nm°v Acnbpw, cm{Xn 50 Nm°v Acnbpw sh°pw.
A∂v c≠p-t-chpw m´n-ep≈ F√m-h¿°pw tZi-
kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v t£{X aXn¬°-IØv 11
∏-I¿® ¬Ip-∂p. ]nt∂bpw Bsc-¶nepw `£Ww
Hm´ {]Z-£n-Wam-Wv. B-∏p-dØv `K-hm-pw, At±-
-
In´m-Ø-h-cp-s≠-¶n¬, cm{Xn hS-s°--S-bn¬ ]gp-
lsØ Ap-Kan-®p-sIm≠p Bthiw Ae-X√p∂
- -
°m-a-WvU-]-Øn¬ `K-hms Fgp-∂-≈n®p sh®v
BÀm-Z-Øn-an¿t∏msS Bc-h-߃ apg°nsIm≠v
Xmb- º I XpS- ß n- b m¬ AXn- ∂ - ` n- a p- J - a mbn
Bbn-c-߃ IqsS HmSp-tºmƒ t£{X aXn¬°-
t£{Xw Ducm-f≥ a√n-t»cn ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS km∂n-
Iw ]qgn-bn-´m¬ DXn-cm-Ø{X P-n-_n-U-am-bn-
≤y-Øn¬ ne-hn-f°p sImfp-Øn-sh®v Hcp sNºv
cn°pw. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ D’hw sImSn-I-b-dp-∂-Xnpw tNmdv AhnsS sIm≠v h∂p sh®v hcp- ∂ -
sImSn Cd-ßp-∂-Xnpw apºv B-tbm´w {][m-- h¿s°√mw hnfn-®p sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. “]mXm-]I¿®”
- - -
am-sW-∂Xv {]tXyIw {it≤-b-am-Wv. F∂mWv CXns ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Bcpw A∂v
11 {]Z£nWw B-tbm´w Ign™ DS≥ ]´nWn InS-°-cpXv F∂mWv n›-bw. D’hw
Xs∂ kz¿Æ[zP-Ønse ]Xm-I-bnse Kcp-U-hm- 9˛mw Znh-k-amb ]≈n-th-´-mƒ I™n°v ]b-dp-
l-sØ X{¥n Bhm-ln®v sImSn Cd-°p-∂- sIm-≠p≈ ]pgp-°m-Wv. Bdm´p Znhkw I™n°p
tXmsS D’hw kam-]n-°p-∂p. AI-tØ-s°-gp-∂- ]Icw DuWp Xs∂-bm-Wv.
- 183 -

23. - 184 -
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