Agriculture contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Land clearing for agriculture releases carbon dioxide as forests are more efficient carbon sinks than farmland. Agricultural activities such as tilling soil, rice cultivation, and livestock also produce methane through microbial processes under low-oxygen conditions. The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers leads to nitrous oxide emissions from soil. Deforestation, especially in tropical regions like Brazil and Indonesia, for agriculture removes carbon sinks and releases stored carbon through burning.