The future of science berkeley 12 5 12

THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE
YOUR FUTURE IN SCIENCE

Host: Integrative Biology Women in
Science
A Third Space Event
December 5, 2012
University of California, Berkeley

Yámana Science and Technology www.yamanascience.org
www.yamanascience.org

An Interactive Dialog with

Jack Bulat
Kennan Kellaris Salinero

Yámana Science and Technology
University of California, Berkeley


Take-Aways
• We are in a time of structural change
in science – mostly expressed as
stress and pain points
• Where are we headed?
• We invite you to
– take this on personally – stay
attentive, stay connected, ‗own it‘
– take this on with friends – build
communities


Individual Factors of Success

1. Proactive agent of change
2. Empathetic (friendly,
approachable, and collaborative)
3. Simultaneous short-term and long-
term perspective
4. Self-aware
5. Positive
6. Resilient

from ―Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A
Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success‖ thesis, Jeanine K. Olund, 2012


Science – End of an Era?

Lifting the Veil: The Feminine Face of
Science


Beginning of this Era: WWII

By 1998: ―The 50 years
since the end of World
War II have seen
unprecedented growth in
the life sciences.‖
from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of Life
Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)


Purpose of the Structure

Combined graduate education and basic research

―Publicly and privately supported colleges and
universities and the endowed research institutes
must furnish both the new scientific knowledge and
the trained research workers.‖

‗Science the Endless Frontier‘ A Report to President
Roosevelt, July 1945 by Vannevar Bush*


Is this frontier really ‗endless?‘
• ―Can an effective program be proposed for discovering
and developing scientific talent in American youth so
that the continuing future of scientific research in this
country may be assured on a level comparable to what
has been done during the war?‖ from Science the
Endless Frontier, Vannevar Bush (1946)

• Fifty years later: ―The 50 years since the end of World
War II have seen unprecedented growth in the life
sciences.― from NAS Trends in the Early Careers of
Life Scientists, Shirley Tilghman (1998)


…no….it seems not

The world is producing more
PhDs than ever before. Is it
time to stop?

Nature 472: 276-279 (2011)

David Cyranoski , Natasha Gilbert , Heidi Ledford , Anjali Nayar &
Mohammed Yahia


One current outcome showed up ‗Loud
and Proud‘ in recent years

Delivered at the
National
Academies
Summit on the
U.S. Science
and Engineering
Workforce

November
12, 2002.


Trends in % of faculty positions
taken by PhD graduates

60%

50%

40%
1965
30% 1980s
2006
20%

10%

0%
#Biol PhDs to Physics Chemistry Engineering
Facutly

* from Paula Stephan‘s ―The Economics of Science‖


Complexity: Doubling of Budget, Fewer
Grants Downstream
• The NIH budget doubled between 1998 and 2003,
flooding NIH with billions more dollars over a
relatively brief time

• YET the percentage of research proposals funded by
NIH dropped from 32% in 2001 to 18% in 2011

Science 20 April 2007:
Vol. 316 no. 5823 pp.
356-361 and
ScienceInsider January
2012


NIH grant funding rates
http://report.nih.gov/index.aspx


Universities and Research Institutes air
their concerns; March 2008

―No one is concentrating just
on research anymore—we all have half a
dozen jobs now.‖
Anne Giersch

http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf


From Broken Pipeline Manifesto

―No one is concentrating just on research
anymore—we all have half a dozen jobs
now.‖

Anne Giersch, assistant professor, Harvard

http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf


And more…

“What a strange business this is: We stay in
school forever. We have to battle the system
with only a one in eight or one in ten chance
of getting funded. We give up making a living
until our forties. And we do it because we
want to help the world. What kind of crazy
person would go for that?”

Nancy Andrews, M.D., Ph.D.
Dean, Duke University Medical School
http://www.unitedformedicalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Broken-Pipeline.pdf


NIH Director

Francis Collins: ―it is time for NIH to
develop better models to guide
decisions about the optimum size
and nature of the U.S. workforce
for biomedical research.‖


Other Countries, Other Trends
In China they are beginning to do two things:
1. University students are going directly
into one of their premiere Genomics
Research institutes*
2. Young PhDs are being hired directly into
faculty and leadership positions

* Nature 464: 7 (2010): Do Scientists Really Need a PhD?


What‘s in it for You?

Helping others?
GRANTS?
STATUS?
Contribution?
Saving the World?

Life-style?
Clean Energy?
Publications? Family?

‗Being Smart?‘
Curing Diseases?

The other Universe of Science…

Hue and Cry for more STEM
(science, technology,
engineering, and math)
capable workers in the
workforce


A growing need for STEM
education….
―16 of the 20
occupations with the
largest projected
growth in the next
decade are STEM
related, but only 4
of them require an
advanced degree.”


December 2012 Signatories
includes
ASBMB
Dear Members of Congress:
The United States is in the midst of a national
talent crisis that will have significant and long-term
economic consequences if we do not improve our
education pipeline for students trained in science,
technology (including computer science),
engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.
http://www.stemedcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Letter-Major-
NGOs-Urge-Congress-to-Address-National-Talent-Crisis-12-3-12.pdf


K-12 STEM…and on to college:
communication gap
“What
postsecondary
instructors expect
entering college
students to know
is far more
targeted and
specific than what
high school
teachers view as
important.”


Steady as She Goes?
Three Generations of Students through the Science
and Engineering Pipeline *
October 2009

Study of
labor
statistics, hi
gh school
test scores
since 1972
by B.
Lindsay
Lowell
Hal
Salzman
Hamutal presented at:
Bernstein Association for Public Policy
Analysis and Management
Everett Washington, D.C.
November 7, 2009
Henderson


On being a scientist
a survey that Paula Stephan and two others
gave to ask priority of what scientists do
science for – intellectual challenge and
independence uniformly score highest

…..and……yet……


―How Economics Shapes Science‖
…..and……yet……

PhDs forego 30% of earning potential vs
MBA students


One Solution to the Two Universes:

Turn PhD recipients into teachers!


to which Paula Stephan (an
economist) says….
―This raises serious efficiency concerns
to economists…surely there is a
more efficient way to increase the
supply than by transforming people
who have invested seven years of
training in graduate school and
another three to four as postdocs into
teachers.‖


Remember the ‗WHY‘

Fresh water supply
Health
Rise in autism, diabetes, heart disease

Opportunity Cool Things!
Fish populations crashing
Energy
Wicked Problems


Intellectual Curiosity
Postulate: The biggest perk of graduate
school in science is getting paid to
learn.

Is a Science Ph.D. a Waste of Time?
Don’t feel too sorry for graduate students. It’s worth it.

By Daniel Lametti
In Slate Magazine, posted Friday, Aug. 31, 2012


Stress creates new outcomes


One Brain Many Brains

Complex problems require more input and
discovery than one ‗brain‘ can hold
For many brains to work together effectively
we require transfer of knowledge without
getting flummoxed by personal perceptions
The simple term for this is communication
but don‘t get fooled by the familiarity of this
term – it‘s tougher than you think


Rise in Team-Driven Leadership
• Trust as a necessary basis for team-
work

• Development of self

• Development of the Group

• Supporting the success of all


Where the Heck are we going to
learn about collaboration?


What‘s Happening in Universities?
―Collaboration can be one
of the most difficult and
challenging human
endeavors. Part of this
difficulty is related to
Western philosophies and
values (to speak in the
most generic terms) that
celebrate the individual
and structure institutions
to support individual
activity‖
-from Kezar and Lester and references there-in


NSF: Integrative Graduate Education and
Research Traineeship Program
81 percent of IGERT PIs said the
IGERT grant did not result in
changes in criteria for faculty
promotion, tenure, or merit awards at
their university or other universities
participating in their project.

from Chapter 5: Impact of IGERT Institutions
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2006/nsf0617/nsf0617_7.pdf


What’s Needed?

• Trust as a necessary basis for
team-work

• Development of self

• Development of the Group

• Supporting the success of all


What is a Leader?
Who is a Leader?
―Some of us think of a hero who is a
visionary who overcomes great obstacles
to create a new world full of great
results.‖
OR
―perhaps an autocrat: someone who
imposes their will on the world (and
those around them) to manifest results‖
from The Culture Game by Dan Mezick


Dan Mezick defines a leader as:
Anyone who influences anyone
else in a social setting, such as a
team or organization


Patrick Lencioni: AVOID THE
FOLLOWING

•Absence of trust —unwilling to be vulnerable
•Fear of conflict —seeking artificial harmony over
constructive passionate debate
•Lack of commitment —feigning buy-in for group
decisions, creating ambiguity
•Avoidance of accountability —sets low standards
•Individual success above results —focusing on
personal success, status and ego before team
success

from Patrick Lencioni (2002) The Five Dysfunctions of a Team


Working Together – Academia‘s Version

‗The Cloud‘

Uri Alon and the
need for both
mentoring and
co-support
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/nur
turing/index.html


Culture Matters


Commitment Model: HP
Star Model: Intel


Changes in Industry – early
indicators
• Beyond Competition - shared
resources
American ‗Council on Competitiveness‘
• Labor, CEOs, University Leaders


What‘s happening in other
industries?
• Beyond shared resources
– Derek Neighbors, Gangplank, Chandler Arizona (relationships
with Arizona State University)


What‘s Happening in Silicon
Valley?

from http://www.executivebrief.com/agile/scrum-agile-teams-building-performance-development/


Rise in Interest in Communication
• Alan Alda‘s Center for Communicating
Science
– http://www.centerforcommunicatingscience.org/

• EMBO‘s Laboratory Management training
workshops
– http://www.embo.org/programmes/courses-workshops/lab-management-
courses.html

• Improv workshops – various
• NIH Office of Intramural Training &
Education (OITE)


Communication as a Two-Way
Street


Rise in Interest from the Public
• Bay Area Science Festivals
Dates: the last week in October, 2011 and 2012

http://www.bayareascience.org/

• IPSEC – International Public Science
Events Conference
• Enormous rise in numbers of science
cafés, science festivals world-wide


What else is happening in other
countries?
• Beyond dialog
- James Wilsdon & Rebecca Willis, Demos
‗See Through Science‘
http://www.nanoandsociety.com/framing
/papers/SeeThroughScience.pdf


United Kingdom, con‘d…
-Sir Roland Jackson, chair, ‗Science for All‘
• The vision of ‗science for all:‘

http://www.britishscienceassociation.org/NR/rdonlyres/D6B1ACFC-2F42-4F07-A5D1-
938E1D83F3ED/0/ScienceforAllFinalReport.pdf


Rise in Interest in Policy
• AAAS Science Policy fellows
•Initiated by the fellows
•Begun in 1972

•California Science
Policy fellow program
•Begun in 2009
Photo source: http://med.stanford.edu/careercenter/
highlights/files/AAASppt.2.13.07.pdf

Photo source: http://www.ccst.us/news/2010/20100104fellows.php


Scientists and Policy…Interactions
with the Public
1. Pure Scientist
Focuses on research with absolutely no
consideration of its use or utility
2. Issues Advocate
Focuses on the implications of research for a
particular political agenda
3. Science Arbiter
Recognizes that decision makers may have
specific questions needing judgment of
experts
4. Honest Broker
Engages in decision-making by
clarifying, and, at times, seeking to
expand the scope of choice available
Common confusion: value-judgment vs
information-judgment


Individual Factors of Success

1. Proactive agent of change
2. Empathetic
(friendly, approachable, and
collaborative)
3. Simultaneous short-term and long-
term perspective
4. Self-aware
5. Positive
6. Resilient
from ―Women of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics: A
Qualitative Exploration in Factors of Success‖ Jeanine K. Olund thesis, 2012


What can you do right now?

• Pay attention to intention
– In interactions – for them, for you
• Pay attention to your advisor‘s needs
(be curious)
• Start to loosen your grip on ‗the truth‘
when it comes to human interactions
• Courage, grounding
• RELATIONSHIPS

The future of science berkeley 12 5 12

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (12)

En vedette

En vedette (6)

Similaire à The future of science berkeley 12 5 12

Similaire à The future of science berkeley 12 5 12 (20)

Plus de Kennan Salinero

Plus de Kennan Salinero (9)

The future of science berkeley 12 5 12