- The document provides an overview of chapter 1 from Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology textbook, covering topics such as anatomy, physiology, levels of organization of the human body, characteristics of life, homeostasis, organization of the body cavities and membranes, lifespan changes, and anatomical terminology. - It defines anatomy and physiology, lists the levels of organization from subcellular to organism, and describes the requirements for life including water, food, oxygen, heat, and pressure. - Homeostasis and homeostatic control mechanisms are explained, with negative feedback identified as the most common type of feedback loop that prevents sudden changes in the body.

1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 1 Lecture PowerPoint

2. 2401 Anatomy and Physiology I Chapter 1 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology 2 Paris Junior College

4. Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier  Butler  Lewis Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

8. Levels of Organization Subatomic particles Atom Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

9. Organ Systems Skeletal system Muscular system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Integumentary system

10. Organ Systems Nervous system Endocrine system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

11. Organ Systems Cardiovascular system Lymphatic system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

12. Organ Systems Digestive system Respiratory system Urinary system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

13. Organ Systems Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

21. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Stimulus (Change occurs in internal environment.) Response (Change is corrected.) Receptors Effectors (muscles or glands) Control center (set point) (Change is compared to the set point.) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

22. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms Receptors Thermoreceptors send signals to the control center. too high too low Normal body temperature 37°C (98.6°F) Control center The hypothalamus detects the deviation from the set point and signals effector organs. Control center The hypothalamus detects the deviation from the set point and signals effector organs. If body temperature continues to drop, control center signals muscles to contract Involuntarily. Stimulus Body temperature rises above normal. Effectors Skin blood vessels dilate and sweat glands secrete. Response Body heat is lost to surroundings, temperature drops toward normal. Receptors Thermoreceptors send signals to the control center. Effectors Skin blood vessels constrict and sweat glands remain inactive. Stimulus Body temperature drops below normal. Effectors Muscle activity generates body heat. Response Body heat is conserved, temperature rises toward normal. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

26. 1.6: Organization of the Human Body Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Diaphragm Pelvic cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral canal (a) Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Right pleural cavity Mediastinum Left pleural cavity Pericardial cavity Diaphragm Vertebral canal Cranial cavity Thoracic cavity (b)

28. Serous Membranes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

29. 1.7: Lifespan Changes Aging occurs from the microscopic level to the whole-body level. Can you think of some examples?

30. 1.8: Anatomical Terminology Anatomical Position – standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out Integumentary system Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

33. Body Sections A section along a frontal plane A section along a transverse plane A section along the median plane Transverse (horizontal) plane Frontal (coronal) plane Parasagittal plane Median (midsagittal) plane

34. Body Sections (a) (b) (c)

35. Other Body Sections (a) (b) (c) Cross-section Oblique section Longitudinal section

36. Abdominal Subdivisions Right hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Right iliac region Epigastric region Umbilical region Hypogastric region Left hypochondriac region Left lumbar region Left iliac region Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

37. Body Regions Otic (ear) Cervical (neck) Acromial (point of shoulder) Mammary (breast) Brachial (arm) Antecubital (front of elbow) Antebrachial (forearm) Genital (reproductive organs) Cephalic (head) Orbital (eye cavity) Mental (chin) Sternal Pectoral (chest) Inguinal (groin) Coxal (hip) Umbilical (navel) Pedal (foot) Occipital (back of head) Acromial (point of shoulder) Brachial (arm) Dorsum (back) Cubital (elbow) Gluteal (buttocks) Perineal Femoral (thigh) Popliteal (back of knee) Plantar (sole) (a) (b) Patellar (front of knee) Vertebral (spinal column) Sacral (between hips) Lumbar (lower back) Abdominal (abdomen) Carpal (wrist) Palmar (palm) Digital (finger) Nasal (nose) Oral (mouth) Frontal (forehead) Buccal (cheek) T arsal (instep) Digital (toe) Axillary (armpit) Crural (leg) Sural (calf) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

41. Quiz 1 Complete Quiz 1 now! Read Chapter 2.