IEEE TENCON 2011 at Sanur Beach, Bali

1. Kuncoro Wastuwibowo
Chair, IEEE Communications Society Indonesia Chapter
IEEE TENCON Tutorial Session
Sanur Beach Bali 21-11-2011

3. Improved Viewing Experience
• Cinema quality pictures, CD quality sound, hundreds new channels, the power to
switch camera angles, and improved access to a range of exciting new
entertainment services
Improved Coverage
• Digital transmission, digital signal recovery, etc.
Increased Capacity and New Service Offerings
• Service providers can carry more information and services.
Increased Access Flexibility
• Video is accessible on a whole range of devices ranging from mobile phones to
standard PCs

4. Equipment
Digitisation
Migration Compression
SDTV  Technology
HDTV Enhancement
Digital
Integrated
TV Broadband
Digital Home Growth
Convergence

5. Interactive
Multiple
Time Shifting
devices
TV
Low bandwidth Personalization

6. Storage
TV Broadcast Video Coding
Technologies
Packet Data Quality of
Encryption
Transport Service
Quality of
Web Services .. etc etc
Experience

8. IP
IPTV
TV

9. Internet, Web, Social
Media Interaction
Synergy
TV Broadcast &
Popularity
Easy, Comfortable
Interactivity
IPTV
Multimedia Platform True Broadband
Services
QoS & QoE
TV & Video Broadcast
over Internet
New Opportunities
Content on demand
incl video, TV, music

10. Metadata
Live Content Middleware
Encoder CAS & DRM
Video Content TV
Managed
IP Network
Computer
Content & Application
Server
Mobile
Gadget

11. Feature IPTV Internet TV
Infrastructure Dedicated IP Network Public Internet
Access Mechanism Digital Set-Top Box Computer
Cost (traditionally) Premium Free or cheap
Content Generation Media companies User-generated, niche
Geographical Limited Global
Quality Higher quality, managed Best-effort quality

12. Video Encoding Video Decoding
Video Packetising Video Packetising
MPEG Stream Construction MPEG Stream Construction
RTP RTP
TCP / UDP TCP / UDP
IP IP
Data Link Layer Data Link Layer
Physical Layer Physical Layer

14. ITU-T
JTC1 / SC29 /
WG 11
Joint Technical Committee
• Motion Picture
Engineering
Group (MPEG)
ISO/IEC
(International
Electrotechnical
Commission)

15. VCD DVD DVB DVB-S2
MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4

16. Primarily used to Used for such
compress video services as DAB
data at bit rates of (Digital Audio
1.5 Mbps. Broadcasting)
Also the basis of
the MP3 standard

17. ITU-T H.26 Digitise, compress,
encode TV signal.
ISO/IEC 13818-2 SDTV  3-4 Mb/s
To multiplex encoded
Packetised &
audio, video, auxiliary
encapsulated into
data in a
RTP / IP
synchronised fashion

18. Video Sequence Time
Group of Pictures
I B B B P B B B P
Block
8x8
Slice
Pictures
Macro Blocks

19. Subsampling
• Reducing the bits
Blocks 8x8
• Y (grayscale luminance)
• Cr (red chrominance)
• Cb (blue chrominance)
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
• Filtering blocks based on importance
Quantisation
• Reduction the number of bits representing the blocks

20. Macroblocks 16x16
• Filtering based on luminance and chrominance
• Compression:
• Spatial compression
• Temporal compression
Slicing
• Horizontal strips from left to right
Picture Visualisation
• Frame types:
• I (Intra-frames), single image with no reference to any past or future frames
• P (Forward predicted frames), a predicted frame based on past I frames. Contains motion
information that allows to rebuild the frame. Require less bandwidth than I-frames.
• B (Bi-directional predicted frames), made up from information from both I-frames and P-
frames. The encoding for B-frames is similar to P-frames, except that motion vectors may
refer to areas in the future reference frames. Occupies less space than I-frames or P-
frames.

21. Video Sequence Time
Group of Pictures
I B B B P B B B P
Block
8x8
Slice
Pictures
Macro Blocks

22. AVC Better
ITU-T H.264 advanced video compression than
codec MPEG-2
Less perceived SDTV Bandwidth savings
degradation in will enable higher-
video quality 1-2 Mb/s quality TV content
Various video
applications,
including mobile

23. Intraprediction and Coding
• H.264/AVC is able to exploit the spatial redundancies that are part of a video
picture.
• In MPEG-2, the DCT transform is applied to each macroblock in the picture
frame, whereas H.264/AVC applies the transform to adjacent macroblocks.
• This approach is based on the assumption that the difference between adjacent
macroblocks is minimal. Thus, the H.264 compression engine uses the
surrounding macroblocks, which are already encoded as references to predict a
specific macroblock of interest.
• Predicting the macroblock reduces the amount of bits compared to directly
transforming the macroblock.
Interprediction and Coding
• The interprediction and coding component of H.264/AVC relies on motion
estimation between video frames in a sequence.
• Similar to MPEG-2, H.264/AVC also uses this method to increase the efficiency
of encoding video sequences.

24. One 16x16 Two 8x16 Two 16x8 Four 8x8
Macroblock Macroblocks Macroblocks Macroblocks
Uses one motion Uses two motion Uses two motion Uses four motion
vector vector vector vector
Eight 8x4 Eight 4x8 Sixteen 4x4
Macroblocks Macroblocks Macroblocks
Uses eight motion Uses eight motion vector Uses sixteen motion
vector vector

25. Video Sequence Time
I B B P P I B P

26. Performance
• Better compression capabilities
Low bandwidth
• With similar quality to MPEG-2, it requires less bandwidth
• Delivery of high quality video services over networks with limited bandwidth.
Interoperability
• Allows to utilize their existing MPEG-2 and IP based networking infrastructures
HDTV Support
• The compression standard can double/triple the carrying capacity of existing networks.
• Possible to deploy DVD quality HD video content over existing IP access networks.
Approved by wide range of organizations
• DVD Forum
• Blue-ray Disk Association
• DVB, ATSC, DMB, IETF, ISMA

27. Reduced Storage
• Less space required by servers to store video content.
Multimedia Support
• Used by various applications with their own unique requirements.
• An IPTV multicast application requires the rendering of an image on a standard TV display
• A mobile entertainment application produces images that are rendered on either a
mobile phone or a portable media player.
• Allows manufacturers to develop products that are specific to their target market.
Transport independent
• Transmittable across many protocols including ATM, RTP, UDP, TCP, and MPEG-2 transport
streams.
• Adapts easily to poor quality networks: Built-in error concealment and recovery
mechanisms
Various Applications
• Used by a number of different markets ranging from IPTV and video conferencing to
mobile entertainment and portable gaming.

29. Video Encoding Video Decoding
Video Packetising Video Packetising
MPEG Stream Construction MPEG Stream Construction
RTP RTP
TCP / UDP TCP / UDP
IP IP
Data Link Layer Data Link Layer
Physical Layer Physical Layer

30. Elementary Video Stream
PES Packet 1 PES Packet 2 PES Packet N
Packet Compressed Packet Compressed Packet Compressed
Header Video Content Header Video Content Header Video Content
MPEG Transport Stream MPEG Transport Stream MPEG Transport Stream MPEG Transport Stream
Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet N
Video Video Video Video
Header Header Header Header
Picture 1 Picture 2 Picture 3 Picture N
RTP
MPEG-TS Payload
Header
Ethernet IP UDP RTP Ethernet
MPEG-TS Payload
Header Header Header Header CRC

31. Packet Prefix PES Header PES Header PES Header
Length Flag Fields
Compressed
24 8 16 2 14 8 Var
Video Content
Stream ID 10 PES Header
Length

32. Synchronisation Program Adaptation field Adaptation field
byte identifier control
8 1 1 1 16 2 2 4 Var Video Data
Transport priority
Transport error Transport
indicator scrambling Continuity
control counter
Payload unit
start indicator

33. Version Marker Sequence SSRC
Number
CSRDC Count CSRC List
Padding PT
Time Stamp
Extension

35. Resolution Aspect Ratio
Interlaced /
Progressive
Scanning

36. 1920
1280
720
480
480i/p, DV NTSC
PAL 576i/p
576
720p
720
1080i/p
1080

38. Metadata
Live Content Middleware
Encoder CAS & DRM
Video Content TV
Managed
IP Network
Computer
Content & Application
Server
Mobile
Gadget

39. MPLS Backbone
IPTV PE
IPTV PE
Metro Ethernet Metro Ethernet
MSAN/
DSLAM
GPON
XDSL Access
VOD &
Access
Head-End
Middleware

40. MPLS Backbone
IPTV PE
IPTV PE
Metro Ethernet Metro Ethernet
MSAN/
DSLAM
GPON
XDSL Access
VOD &
Access
Head-End
Middleware
L2 VPN
Unicast via IP VPN
Multicast via PIM

41. User-
Social Generated
Contents
Network
Global
Internet
Over-the- Mobile
Top Video Network
Live Content
Encryption
Encoder & DRM
Video Content
Managed
IP Network
Content & Application Middleware
Server

42. 3rd Party Content User
& Application Management
Web 2.0 (User Service Enabler
Participation) (Contexts)
Network
Social Network
SDP Abstraction
Services
(incl Mobile)
Live Content
Encryption
Encoder & DRM
Video Content
Managed
IP Network
Content & Application Middleware
Server

44. Telco world
• Voice network
• Data network
• Broadband data
IT World Media world
• Computer • CaTV
Communications
• Internet
Single
Network

45. Telco ISDN BISDN ATM NGN IMS
Computer Broadband
IT Network
Internet
Internet
Media CaTV IPTV
45

46.  All IP-based, all-broadband, but …
Telco world
• NGN / TISPAN
• IMS
Web world IPTV world
• SOA • CDN
• SDF / SDP
New
convergence

47. 3rd Party Content User
& Application Management
Web 2.0 (User Service Enabler
Participation) (Contexts)
Network
Social Network
SDP Abstraction
Services
(incl Mobile)
Live Content
Encryption
Encoder & DRM Middleware
Video Content
Managed
Content & Application IP Network
Server

48. 48

49. 49

50. 50

54. @IEEEIndonesia
@ComsocIndonesia

55.  Telkom Indonesia
 Multimedia Division
 Senior Service Creation
(2010-now)
 IEEE Communications Society
 Indonesia Chapter
 Chairman (2009-2011)
 Vice Chair (2007-2008)
Contact
 Internetworking Indonesia
Journal  Mail / Gtalk
kuncoro@telkom.cc
 Editor
 Twitter @kuncoro
 Mobile +62-21-3375-8000