Improved water and sanitation for all forever - Indian can make it happen

1. Addressing the other water crisis!
Everyone Forever!!
हर के लिए हमेशा
V. Kurian Baby, India Country Director, IRC
Water for People, New Delhi
2 December 2014

2. Is India ready for EF? - status
• Rural India near universal coverage >90%
• Over $ 35 billion investment – annual $ 3-4
billion
• Over 30% slippage another 30% sub-optimal
• Service delivery failing – piped water only 32%
• Everyone will be reached even at high cost;
forever remains a challenge

3. Plus factors for EF
• Sound policies and plans ( Strategic plan 2022; NRDWP
guidelines, Water Policy 2013; Local Govts)
• New political vision – urban services for rural
• Govt. led investments – resources are there
• India fast growth trajectory – PCI –demand better
services
• National Water grids with CBM for intra village
management
• EF can be possible without huge incremental outlay
• Greater role for CBM and local governments
• Forward states are low hanging fruits

4. Financing not designed for resilience
4
CapEx
requirements
Recurrent expenditure &
support requirements
Coverage rates
100
Costs
25% 50% 75% 100%
0
Source: Adapted from Moriarty, 2011
Danger Zone
CapManEx
requirements

5. A birds-eye view of “the sector”
5
Users Funders and
Global
Household /
Community
Product and
Service Providers
Small scale for water supply
private
operators
NGOs
and CBOs
Urban utilities
(public & private)
Regulators and
Policy Makers
Influencers
Multilaterals / IFIs
International
NGOs
Academia /
Think tanks
Bilaterals
Region
Country
Local
Ministry of Finance
Ministry responsible
Regulatory
agencies
Ministry responsible
for sanitation/hygiene
Rural
government
providers
Self-provision
Researchers
and developers
(global to local)
Philanthropy
Manufacturers
(global to local)
Source: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Water and Sanitation Strategy Mimeo, 2007

6. Decision making processes: messy.
6
Source: CEPT Performance Assessment System Project Mimeo, 2011

7. India: Services that last…(EF) Vision
Everyone Forever exists where: “everyone
expects and receives water and sanitation
services which last indefinitely”.
Vision India: Everyone ever enjoy right to safe,
sustainable WASH services by 2019 and
improved services by 2022 (GoI 2010,12)

8. India: Services that last…(EF) Strategy
• Government vision and leadership
• Collaborative /contextualised solutions
• Multiple delivery models including community
centric PRI led governance
• Mainstream funding by Governments
• Leverage funding by Donors
• Large impact EF action research, learning and
scaling up – low hanging fruits????

9. India: Services that last (EF ) Vision –Approach?
Systems to services>>>
Implement
Upgrade
Upgrade
Replace
• Shifting from systems to services –
understanding sector sustainability holistically
• How to translate policy into practice
• To take mind-set out of the closet – broaden the
horizon and sector perspective
• Whole system approach for transformational
impact

10. India: Services that last…(EF)- Approach?
• Improved buying- in - concept and
framework
• Convince - Everyone forever is possible
• Doable with little incremental investment
• Take donors on board- India a low hanging fruit
(absolute number, multiplier and leverage, shaping tools for future in
other developing countries, scale)
• Convince WFP-IRC can catalyse and drive
• Develop /scale up –leapfrog -large impact EF

11. EF achieved and sustained when:
• Everyone expects and receives a service (
improved?)
• Government champions and leads over time
• Funding flows support services on an on-going
basis, and expand to meet new demand
• Problems and challenges are identified and
addressed promptly
• All water users collaborate, not compete, to
ensure environmental sustainability
• Monitoring is so effective, nobody doubts the
results

12. Core areas of Innovation
• Developing service delivery models and post
construction support mechanisms that work in
specific contexts;
• Harmonised low cost, high-value monitoring
systems that link performance to investment
planning;
• Testing finance mechanisms to support
sustainability and expansion of services over time
• Testing effective models of local water governance
that ensure water (source) security over time
• Test Institutional convergence framework

13. India: services that last…EF
principal building blocks
Service Delivery Approach
Learning and Adaptive Capacity
Harmonisation and Alignment
Decentralize/
Professionaliz
e community
management
Local
IWRM/comm
unity-PRI led
Convergence,
capacity
Institutional
Change
Financing to
cover all life-cycle
costs
Monitoring
service
delivery and
sustainability
Regulation &
support to
service
authorities
Support to
service
providers
Asset
Management
&
Rehabilitation
Harmonisation and
coordination
Learning and adaptive
management

14. Components
• Investment and financing plans: all categories of required costs,
across the full life-cycle of service delivery
• Water security: Water security and decentralised governance at
local level for source sustainability and water safety
• Reaching ‘everyone’: last mile, improved services and/or
rehabilitation and upgrading of existing infrastructure to achieve full
coverage
• Post construction support : institutional structures for post
construction support to communities to ensure sustainable services
• Institutional capacity and change management
• Monitoring and learning : Developing comprehensive EF
monitoring frameworks service delivery, processes, outputs and
outcomes
• Asset management planning: inventorisation, for routine and
planned maintenance, upgrading and replacement
• Advocacy, Learning and research: designing a structured approach
to analytical advocacy, learning and sharing and research to support
scaling up

15. The Process

16. Master plan – vision, status and gaps
• Implementation plan – new coverage (all service
providers)
• Inclusion strategy and plan – last mile
• Sustainability plan – asset management,
replacement and rehabilitation)
• Institutional capacity - change & convergence plan
• Financing for resilience plan – life cycle
• Monitoring indicators and plan – service delivery
and client rating
• Risk and mitigation plans
• Handholding and Exit plan

17. Hub Functions
• Co-create Vision, facilitate and support
Government in
– Programme planning, delivery, convergence, transform
policy, Budget tracking, monitor EF, Channel CSR
• Drive reform and process of system change to EF
• Ideally a hosted secretariat linked to incubators
• Build capacity and ownership to sustain change
• Convene, coordinate and catalyze actors and
resources across all aspects that contribute to
sustained services
• NOT to simply replace the failing system whose
performance it is their job to reform.

18. STATE
SWSM
DWS +
STAKEHOLDERS
STEERING
COMMITTEE
EF
HUB
DWSM
DIST EF
HUB
WFP, IRC,
PARTNERS,
NATIONAL
HUB?
INSTITUIONAL ARCHETECTURE??
INNOV
ATION
HUB

19. Role of Government of India – national Hub
when?
• Institutionally and programmatically align with the GoI.
• Finance investment 100% with States (except TA
component ( donors, private sector etc?)
• Coordination and convergence at national level
• Sign the MoU with supporting partners
• Issue enabling guidelines and policies
• Chair the national hub steering committee
• Coordinate the programme at national level
• Support the scale up the programme across the
country

20. Role of state
• Demand the programme and sign MoU
• Chair the State level Steering committee
• Support enabling environment by issuing
necessary orders, guidelines and policies
• Finance sector investments and resource
convergence, RING FENCE FOR RESILIENCE
• Co-fund and anchor innovation
• Coordinate and monitor the programme
• Scale up successes in other districts /adopt state
wide

21. Role of District
• DWSM Sign the MOU and demand the programme
• Prepare integrated bottom-up sustainable service
delivery plan
• Counter-part financing and harness flexi funding
options
• Community engagement and mobilization
• Roll out and Implement the programme
• Coordinate and monitor
• Represent in District steering committee
• Provide institutional home for monitoring EF

22. International Hub Functions
• Strategic input in concepts, ideas , design of the
programme as it evolves
• Support the formation of the National, State and District
hubs and provide on-going capacity building
• Support experimentation and innovation in districts
• Lead and coordinate research and bring in best practices
and lessons (like EF, Triple S, WSUP and LCCA?)
• Fund raising, reporting to donors and Governments
• Oversee monitoring and learning processes
• Provide advocacy functions and action research analysis
• Communication and engagement at national and
international level
• Network and manage partner organizations

23. Measures of success
Impact indicators water supply
% of people with access to water supply
% of water facilit ies that are funct ional
% facilit ies reliable according to nat ional norms
% of water facilit ies that meet the nat ional
standards for crowding
Water quant ity: % of people that receive at least
the nat ional norm
Water quality: % of users that perceive water
quality as acceptable
User sat isfact ion water facilit ies

24. Outcome indicators water supply
INCLUDE
SANITATIO
N?
# additional districts using EF in
programme States
# additional States applying EF approaches
# GoI applying EF approaches in policy,
funding and programmes
# Private sector CSR funding to WASH

25. The EF phasing and timelines
Phase Duration Main Characteristics and interventions
socialising
the
concepts
6 months to 1
year –
depending on
context
Socialising and building coalitions , reaching
common agreement on the problems and
the intent to change, include initial analysis
and mapping.
Demonstra
ting EF at
scale
3 to 5 years –
depending on
context and scale
of the country
Innovation and testing of the solutions
identified as part of the initial mapping
Specific actions and interventions will vary,
but the interventions must take place at a
logical unit of scale (most often the district)
Scaling up
and
leverage of
EF
5 to 10 years
successful lessons and documented
practices of the demonstration phase can
scaled up. Government is intimately
involved in the process from the outset,
scaling up institutionally is more likely to
occur.

26. Activity Plan – Timeframe??
• Socializing the concept and develop shared vision
• Setting up driver “hubs” at state and district level
• Communication materials/campaign (monitor results)
• Round tables ( co-creating vision)
• Develop EF service delivery indicators
• Sector mapping/assessment and identify components
• Master plan – investment plan and monitoring
• National EF Hub – after 2-3 years
• Hub attached preferably with Government – only have
the tools to correct failure and overcome deadlocks
• Network all sector stakeholders in a mode of learning
and engagement

27. Start-up Activities?
Start-uP Activity (total period) M M M M M M M
Socialising & coalition partner meetings
Writing EF India concept note
Writing pitch deck and communication
sharing concept note and discussing
with GoI/States and potential partners
Sounding out with donors
/foundations/private sector for funding
Series of meetings with GoI /donors
Delhi
Visit State Governments for buying in
Consolidating concept note and project
Implementation plan
National advocacy meeting to launch EF

28. How we’re doing it
Service providers District/Municipality
Service authority
National
Gov’t Agencies
Water SPs
Innovation
Lab
School
Every School
San SPs
District /
Municipal
Service
Authority
EF Hub
District /
Municipal
Service
Authority
Banks
Commerce
Industry
District /
Municipal
Service
Authority Commerce
Banks
Relevant
Ministries /
Departments &
Gov’t officials
Industry
Global EF
“backbone”
Advocate
Resource Broker
Admin / Management Support
Start conversations and
debate. Learn from data
and results. Support
scaled approaches
Test ideas. Learn from
failure. Adopt successes in
sector practice.
Every Household
Clinic
Every Clinic
28 28

29. What will be the EF Hub- India?
A. Building blocks
– Series of interlinked projects ( GoI Trg, WB RWSS, SDA
scoping-round table, NIAR MoU, AusAid research, WFP-IRC study, PHED
capacity building)
– National credibility + Access
– Sound credible national /regional Network partners
– Large Impact EF action research
B. Institutional Architecture
Governments to anchor
IRC lean nodal office – national steering committee
Local partners collaborate on core strengths

30. What support from Global EF Backbone?
• Develop concept note – expert inputs
• Consultation with Governments and partners
• Sounding with donors and foundations for
leverage funding ( TA component)
• Proposal development & source funding
• Work with national/state Govt.- for buying- in
• Global partnership in documentation and
learning, advocacy and communication

31. IRC-WFP Value Addition
• Service delivery approach- Triple-S WASHCOST
• LCCA for sustainable service delivery
• Build on ongoing SDA strategy in India ( see note)
• IRC expertise in learning &sharing and
communication
• WFP success on EF in India –West
Bengal/India
• Strong network and partners in India
• Customized action research and analysis

32. Additional discussion points
• How to sell /communicate EF to stakeholders?
• Are we addressing sanitation as well?
• Are we addressing rural and urban?
• What is EF and what will be EF Hub
• Development of EF/ service delivery indicators
• Do we need a staggered approach to EF ( say 100
% coverage by 2019 and EF by 2022?)
• What shall be the convergence framework?
• Role of CSR and private sector?