Student handbook science 7 july 2017

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Ekk/;fed f”k{kk rS;kjh dk;ZØe & ,l-,l-vkj-ih-
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vH;kl iqfLrdk
i;kZoj.k v/;;u ,oa foKku

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izkDdFku
mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku vkSj dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku ds la;qDr iz;kl ls l= 2016&2017 esa ik¡p tuinksa&
y[kuÅ] mUuko] lhrkiqj] jk;cjsyh ,oa y[kheiqj [khjh ds 52 rFkk gjnksbZ tuin ds 25 jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa
esa ^mn~Hko dk;ZØe* dk “kqHkkjaHk fd;k x;kA mn~Hko dk;ZØe jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk&9 esa izos”k ysus okys
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vf/kxe Lrj dks d{kkuq:i cukus dk ,d iz;kl gS rkfd mUgsa ek/;fed ,oa mPp f”k{kk izkIr djus esa
vklkuh gks ldsA lkFk gh bl dk;ZØe ds fØ;kUo;u vkSj f”k{k.k dh xq.koÙkk c<+kus gsrq f”k{kdksa ds {kerko)Zu dk
Hkh izko/kku gSA
jk’Vªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku dh uhfr;ksa ds vuq:i ,oa blds mn~ns”;ksa dh izkfIr gsrq dqlqek Qkm.Ms”ku us ^mn~Hko
dk;ZØe* dk fodkl fd;k ftls gjnksbZ tuin ds 25 jktdh; ,oa jktdh; lgk;rk izkIr ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa foxr
rhu o’kksZa ls lQyrkiwoZd lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gSA blds varxZr d{kk 9 ,oa 10 ds fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ds orZeku vf/kxe
Lrj dk fu/kkZj.k dj muds lkFk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA lkFk gh f”k{k.k vf/kxe izfØ;k dks csgrj cukus ds fy, dqlqek
Qkm.Ms”ku }kjk fodflr fo’k; vk/kkfjr lalk/ku fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ,oa f”k{kdksa dks miyC/k djk;s tkrs gSaA
bl dk;ZØe ds varxZr f”k{kd izf”k{k.k vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk fo|ky; Lrj ij f”k{kdksa dks lg;ksx iznku djus
gsrq ftyk lalk/ku lewg ¼fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ xzqi½ dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA blls f”k{k.k dks izHkkoh cukus ds fy, fofHkUu
f”k{k.k fof/k;ksa dks le>us ,oa lh[kus esa f”k{kdksa dks lgk;rk feyrh gSA
jk’Vaªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku ds mís”;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku jkT; ds mi;qZDr tuinksa
ds p;fur fo|ky;ksa esa ^mn~Hko dk;ZØe* o vU; fo|ky;ksa esa jk’Vaªh; ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku }kjk vknsf”kr *fjesfM;y
d{kk,a* fØ;kfUor djus dk fu”p; fd;k x;k gSA mn~Hko dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr f”k{k.k eq[; :i ls pkj fo’k;ksa ¼xf.kr]
foKku] vaxzsth o fgUnh½ ij dsfUnzr gS vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh vof/k nks o’kZ dh gSA lkFk gh jk’Vªah; ek/;fed f”k{kk
vfHk;ku ds vUrxZr fjesfM;y d{kk,a rhu fo’k;ksa ¼xf.kr] vxzsath vkSj foKku½ ij dsfUnzr gSa vkSj blds fØ;kUo;u dh
vof/k 45 fnuksa dh gSA mÙkj izns”k ek/;fed f”k{kk vfHk;ku }kjk jkT; ds “ks’k fo|ky;ksa esa fjesfM;y d{kk,a “kq: djus
gsrq dqlqek }kjk fufeZr mnHko dk;ZØe ds lalk/kuksa dk bLrseky fd;k x;k gSA
foxr o’kZ dh rjg bl o’kZ 2017&2018 esa Hkh bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk vki f”k{kdksa] iz/kkukpk;ksZa] fMfLVªDV fjlkslZ
xzqi ,oa LVsV fjlkslZ xzqi ds lnL;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ,oa ifjJe ij gh fuHkZj gS ftl ij gesa iw.kZ fo”okl gSA ge
bl dk;ZØe dh lQyrk ds fy;s vkidks gkfnZd “kqHkdkeuk,a nsrs gSaA
;w-ih-,e-,l-,- Vhe dqlqek Vhe

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ifjp;
;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk gSA bldk mn~ns”; Qkm.Ms”ku dSai esa fd, tk jgs dkeksa dks xgjkbZ ls lh[kus
esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh enn djuk gSA ;g bl rjg ls cukbZ xbZ gS fd f”k{kd igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ n{krk fl[kk,axs
vkSj fQj mlds vH;kl ds fy, blesa dqN iz”u fn, x, gSaaA mu iz”uksa ds mRrj nus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mu n{krkvksa
dks iDdk djus esa enn feysxhA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dbZ txg ,sls iz”u fn, x, gSa ftUgsa djus ds ckn d{kk esa izLrqr djuk gS rFkk ml ij lkFkh
fo|kfFkZ;ksa o f”k{kd ds lkFk ckr djuh gSA
vke rkSj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ij ,d fnu esa nks ckj dke djuk iM+sxkA f”k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk nsaxs fd mUgsa bl
ij dc dke djuk gSA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dqN iz”u ,sls fn, x, gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk ds vH;kl ds fy, gSa vkSj dqN
iz”u ,sls gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk dks mlds vxys Lrj ij bLrseky djus ds fy, gSA ,sls iz”u fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds lkeus muds Kku dks FkksM+k QSykus ds fy, j[ks x, gSa rkfd os mu pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> dj viuh le> dks FkksM+k
vkSj fodflr dj ik,aA

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dk;Zi=d& 2: ltho ,oa futhZo inkFkZ
1- ltho oLrq,¡ D;k&D;k gSa
mŸkj_____________________________________________________________________
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2- futhZo oLrq,¡ D;k&D;k gSaa
mŸkj_____________________________________________________________________
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3- fdUgha nks ltho oLrqvksa dk uke ,oa fp= cuk;saA

4- fdUgh nks futhZo phtksa dk uke ,oa fp= cuk;saA

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5- D;k ;g ,d ltho oLrq gS D;ksaa ,d dkj.k crk;sa
mŸkj_____________________________________________________________________
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6- D;k ;g ,d ltho oLrq gS D;ksa ,d dkj.k crk;saaA
mŸkj_____________________________________________________________________
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7- ltho oLRkqvksa ds fdUgha rhu y{k.kksa dks crk;saA
mŸkj_____________________________________________________________________
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8- ltho ds fdl xq.k ds dkj.k ;g fØ;k iznf”kZr gksrh gS
• vk”kk Ldwy pyh x;h _________________________
• f”k”kq dk ckyd esa cnyuk _________________________
• eNyh dk ikuh esa rSjuk _________________________
• vke ds cht dk vadqj.k gksuk ___________________________
• dyh f[kydj Qwy gksuk ______________________________
9- og dk¡i jgh Fkh] tc BaMs ikuh ls Luku dj jgh Fkh___________________________________
________
• fcYyh ds NksVs&NksVs cPps Fks
• vt; ds firk cw<s+ gks x;s vkSj xqtj x;s ___________________

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10- ltho vkSj futhZo oLrqvksa esa D;k varj gS
mŸkj %
ltho oLrq,a futhZo oLrq,a
dk;Zi=d& 3% ikS/ks ds Hkkx
1-ikS/ks ds fodkl ds fy;s D;k t:jh gksrk gS
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2- ,d cht dk fp= cukdj mlds Hkkxksa ds uke fy[ksaA

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3- ikS/ks ds Hkkxksas dk uke fy[ksa ,oa fp= cuk;saA ikS/ks ds Hkkx dSls fn[krs gSaA o.kZu djsa]
;g dgk¡ fLFkr gksrk gS vkSj ikS/ks ds fy;s D;k djrk gS
fnuksa dh
la[;k
vki D;k ns[krs gks o.kZu
djks
ikS/ks dh
yackbZ ¼lh-
,e-½
;g dSlk fn[krk gS ¼cukvks½s fVIi.kh
fnu 1
fnu 2
fnu 3
fnu 4
fnu 5
fnu 6
fnu 7
fnu 8
fnu 9
fnu 10

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dk;Zi=d& 4% tkuoj ds fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkx ,oa xfrfof/k;k¡
1- ml tkuoj dk uke fy[ksa ,oa fp= cuk;sa tks tehu ij /khjs&/khjs pyrk gS ;k jsaxrk gSA
2- ml tkuoj dk uke fy[ksa vkSj fp= cuk;sa tks isM+ksa ;k >kfM+;ksa ij p<+rk gSA
3- fdUgh nks tkuojksa ds uke fy[kks vkSj fp= cukvks tks gok esa mM+rs gaSA

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4- fdUgh nks tkuojksa ds uke fy[kks ,oa fp= cukvks tks ikuh esa rSjrs gSA
5- fdUgh nks tkuojkas ds uke fy[kks ,oa fp= cukvks tks tehu ij jsaxrs gaSA
6- uhps fn;s x;s fo”ks’k vaxksa dh lgk;rk ls tkuojksa ds uke crkvks
• lhax
• dwcM+
• ia[k@lqQuk
• [kksy@dop
• lw¡M+
• ew¡N
• “kYd

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• iw¡N
• ia[k
• Qj
7- uhps fn;s x;s tkuojksa esa D;k lekurk vkSj D;k vlekurk gS
• fcYyh&dqŸkk
• dsapqvk&?kksa?kk
• gkFkh&ck?k
• dkSvk&dcwrj
dk;Zi=d& 5% euq’; dk Øfed fodkl
okrkoj.k ds fy, ¶yS”k dkMZ & 2 lsV
okrkoj.k & 1 jsfxLrku
tyok;q & xeZ vkSj “kq’d
miyC/k Hkkstu & rst pyus okys tkuoj
ijthoh& cM+s i{kh
[krjk& ekuo

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okrkoj.k&2 & nyny
tyok;q & xeZ vkSj cjlkrh
miyC/k Hkkstu& eNyh
ijthoh& exjePN
[krjk&ekuo
okrkoj.k 3& ioZr
tyok;q& vkSlr rkieku Hkkjh o’kkZ ds lkFk
miyC/k Hkkstu& iÙks vkSj yacs o`{k
ijthoh& phrk
[krjk& taxyksa dh dVkbZ
okrkoj.k 4& ?kkl ds eSnku
tyok;q &vkSlr rkieku de o’kkZ ds lkFk

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miyC/k Hkkstu& dhM+s
ijthoh& cM+s i{kh
[krjk& chekjh
okrkoj.k&5 Hkwfexr
tyok;q& thjks fMxzh ls de rkieku
miyC/k Hkkstu& tM+sa
ijthoh& Hkkyw
[krjk& i;kZIr Hkkstu dh deh

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dk;Zi=d& 6% lkekftd ekun.M
Hkkjrh; laln ds vax gS :
a.    jk’Vªifr] yksd lHkk] jkT; lHkk
b.   yksd lHkk] jkT; lHkk
c.    iz/kkuea=h] yksd lHkk] jkT; lHkk
d.    jk’Vªifr vkSj iz/kkuea=h
e.   blesa ls dksbZ ugha
1- yksd lHkk dks nwljs uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS %
a.    jkT;ksa dh ifj’kn
b.    mPPk lnu
c.    yksd Hkou
d.    laln
2- jkT; lHkk ds v/;{k gSa %
a.    Hkkjr ds jk’Vªifr
b.    Hkkjr ds mijk’Vªifr
c.    Hkkjr ds iz/kku ea=h
d.    jkT; lHkk ds pqus gq, lnL;

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3- lafo/kku ds vuqlkj yksdlHkk ds vf/kdre lnL;ksa dh la[;k D;k gS
a.    530
b.    540
c.    550
d.    552
e.    555
4- yksdlHkk dk ihBklhu v/;{k dkSu gS
a.    iz/kku ea=h
b.    jk’Vªifr
c.    mijk’Vªifr
d.    yksdlHkk lnL;kas esa ls pquk x;k
5- Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h dks dkSu fu;qDr djrk gS
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Hkkjr esa iz/kkuea=h dk dk;Zdky D;k gS
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6- Hkkjr esa ljdkj dk :i D;k gS
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7- Hkkjr dk jk’Vªh; Qwy gS
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8- Hkkjr dk jk’Vªh; i”kq gS
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dk;Zi=d& 7% Hkw&vkÑfr;k¡
fn;s x;s Hkw&vkd`fr;ksa dk fp= cuk;s ,oa o.kZu djsa:
a. ioZr

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b. >hy
c. unh
2- Hkw&vkd`fr;ksa dks nh x;h ifjHkk’kkvksa ds lkFk feyku djsa:
v c mŸkj
1 fgeun d igkM+ dh rqyuk esa de Å¡ph Hkwfe] o ,d igkM+ dh rqyuk
esa vf/kd xksykdkj
2 jsr dk Vhyk [k igkM+h ls mPp Hkwfe yEcor~ feV~Vh dk Vhyk
3 ioZr x ,d lery {ks= ;k o`{kjfgr {ks=Hkwfe
4 unh ?k vR;f/kd fo”kky ek=k esa f[kldus ;ksX; cQZ
5 lkxj r vR;f/kd fo”kky ek=k esa vUrnsZ”kh; fLFkj ikuh
6 ?kkVh Fk igkM+h ;k ioZr ds chp fuEuHkwfe {ks= A
7 eSnku n [kkjs tyk”k; ls lEiw.kZ vkPNkfnr i`Foh dk yxHkx 3@4
Hkkx
8 >hy /k gok ds rhoz cgko ls cuh o LFkkarfjr jsr dh igkM+h
9 igkM+h u fo”kky tyk”k; dh /kkjk

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dk;Zi=d& 8% ty
Ø-la- lfØ;rk vki D;k
lksprs gSa D;k
gksxk
lpeqp
D;k gqvk
gksxk ¼fp=
cuk;sa ;k @
o.kZu djsa½
ty ds fo’k; esa ;g D;k
crkrk gSA
1 fxykl esa ty Hkjks] mls ns[kks] Li”kZ
djks] eglwl djks] xa/k eglwl djks]
Lokn eglwl djks
2 Vscy ij dqN flDds j[kks] L;kgh
okyh Mªkij iz;ksx djrs gq, ,d flDds
ij ikuh Mkyks] ,slk djus ls igys
iqokZuqqeku djks fd fdrus cw¡n ikuh
ls flDdk Hkj tk,xkAvius mÙkj dk
dkj.k Li’V djsaA
3 Q”kZ ij nks txg ikuh HkjksA
4 iSdSV ls ,d fV”kw isij ysdj mlds
,d Nksj dks jaxhu ikuh ds Xykl esa
j[ksa
5 dkxt ij rhu inkFkZ ls &phuh]
ued vkSj jsrA izR;sd dks ikuh ds
fHkUUk&fHkUUk Xykl esas fefJr djks A
fujh{k.k djksA
6 Vscy ij j[kh gqbZ oLrqvksa dk
voyksdu djsa] D;k gksxk tc vki
mUgsa ikuh ds Xykl esa Mkyrs gS
¼flDdk] NksVs iRFkj] NksVs dkxt ds
VqdM+s] ia[k½

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Ø-la- lfØ;rk vki D;k
lksprs gSa D;k
gksxk
lpeqp
D;k gqvk
gksxk ¼fp=
cuk;sa ;k @
o.kZu djsa½
ty ds fo’k; esa ;g D;k
crkrk gSA
7 ,d ik= esa 4 fNnz cus gSa tks lh/kh
[kM++++h js[kk ij ,d bap dh nwjh ij gSa
tc ik= dks ty ls Hkjk tk; rks D;k
gksxkvius mÙkj dks js[kkfdar djsa vkSj
vius js[kkadu dh O;k[;k djsaA
8 ,d ik= esa 4 fNnz cus gaS tks ik= ds
pkjksa vksj ij ,d bap dh nwjh ij gS
tc ik= dks ty ls Hkjk tk; rks D;k
gksxkvius mÙkj dks js[kkafdr djsa vkSj
vius js[kkadu dh O;k[;k djsaA
dk;Zi=d& 9% ufn;k¡
iz”u 1- ikuh ds N% lzksr ds uke fy[ksa :
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iz”u 2- ikuh ds D;k&D;k mi;ksx gaS
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iz”u 3- vR;f/kd o’kkZ dk D;k vlj gks ldrk gaS fdlh ,d izHkko ds ckjs esa o.kZu djsa :
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_______ _______

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____________________________________________________________ ______________
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iz”u 4- lw[kk D;k gS blds dksbZ ,d izHkko dk o.kZu djsa :
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iz”u 5- ck¡/k cukus ls D;k ykHk gaS
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dk;Zi=d& 10% [ksrh ;k d`f’k dk ifjp;
[ksrh ;k d`f’k esa iz;ksx gksus okys] uhps fn;s x;s pj.kksa dk o.kZu djs vkSj fp= cuk;sa &
1- cht cksuk

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2- Qly dh flapkbZ
3- Qly dh dVkbZ
dk;Zi=d& 11% rRo d.k ds :i esa
1- uhps fn;s gq;s iz”uksa ds mrj nsa%
a. rRo D;k gS Bksl dk nzo esa ifjorZu
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b. rRo dh rhu voLFkk,W D;k gaS izR;sd voLFkk esa v.kqvksa dh O;oLFkk dk o.kZu dhft, vkSj izR;sd voLFkk
esa nks inkFkksZa ds mnkgj.k nhft,A
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2- nks mnkgj.k nsa %
a. Bksl dk nzo esa ifjorZu
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b. nzo dk Bksl esa ifjorZu
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3- rRoksa ds fHkUu&fHkUu voLFkk esa ifjorZu ds dkSu ls dkjd mrjnk;h gaS
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4- [kkyh txgksa dks Hkjks :
______________________voLFkk esa v.kq etcwrh ls tqM+s jgrs gSaAinkFkZ dks xje djus ij Bksl
curk gS _______________________A Bksl ty dgk tkrk gS ______________A tc rjy
ty ok’i curk gSa] rks ;g ifjofrZr gksrk gS__________________
5- jfookj dh “kke dks usgk ds ;gk¡ dqN vkxUrqd vpkud vk;sA og muds fy;s uhcw ikuh cukuk pkgrh FkhA
jlksbZ?kj esa mls rhu rjg dh phuh feyh 1- lkekU; phuh 2- ikmMj phuh 3- phuh dk <sykA D;k vki usgk
dks lykg ns ldrs gS fd fdl izdkj dh phuh dk iz;ksx djds tYnh uhacw ikuh cuk;k tk ldrk gaS vkSj
D;ksa
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dk;Zi=d& 12% ;krk;kr ds lk/ku
izR;sd dkWye ds fy;s nks fcUnq ds lkFk odZ”khV dks iwjk djsa :

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;krk;kr ds lk/ku
ds :i%
bldk D;k
mi;ksx gS
fMtkbu
;g fdl rjg fn[krk gS
;g dSls pyrk gS
D;k ;g rst lk/ku gS
fdl lkexzh dk iz;ksx bls cukus ds
fy, fd;k tkrk gS
fnu&izfrnu ds thou esa iz;ksx%
;g lk/ku dkSu iz;ksx djrk gS
dSls ;g nSfud thou dks izHkkfor
djrk gS
dkj
iSny pyuk
Vªd
jsyxkM+h
gkFkxkM+h
dk;Zi=d& 13% Hkkjr dk ,d laf{kIr bfrgkl
l= ds fy, o`RrkUr i= : Hkkjr dk ,d laf{kIr bfrgkl:
3300 bZlk iwoZ ls 1300 bZlk iwoZ rd flU/kq ?kkVh lH;rk ds lkFk gh Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dh “kq:vkr gksrh gSA ;g Hkk-
jrh; miegk}hi ds mÙkjh&if”peh Hkkx esa QSyk gqvk FkkA ;g vof/k rkez lH;rk ;qx dgykrk FkkA f}rh; lgL=kCnh
bZlk iwoZ ds vkjEHk ds lkFk gh ;g lH;rk lekIr gksrh pyh x;h tks fd ykSg ;qx oSfnd dky dk vkjEHk FkkA ;g
lH;rk flU/kq&xaxk unh ds eSnkuksa rd QSyh gqbZ FkhA
foxr 100000 o’kksZ ds bfrgkl esa Hkkjr us dHkh fdlh ns”k ij vkØe.k ugh fd;k gSA iUnzgoha “krkCnh esa Hkkjr dk
vf/kdka”k Hkw&Hkkx lezkV v”kksd ds vf/kiR; esa FkkA mlus ckS} /keZ Lohdkj dj fy;k Fkk] vkSj mlds “kklu dky esa

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ckS} /keZ dk QSyko ,f”k;k ds vU; Hkw&Hkkx esa Hkh gks x;k FkkA ikapoh “krkCnh esa v”kksd us Hkkjr ds fo”kky Hkkx dks
laxfBr dj fn;k FkkA og ckS) /keZ esa ifjofrZr gqvk] mlds “kklu dky esa ckS) /keZ ,f”k;k ds vU; Hkkxksa esa Hkh QSy
x;kA ekS;Z “kkludky esa fganw /keZ us ekSfyd vkdkj ys fy;kA
vkBoha “krkCnh esa bLyke Hkkjr esa vk;k vkSj 11 “krkCnh rd blus vius iSj etcwrh ls tek fy;sA mÙkj Hkkjr ds
jktoa”kksa dks yks/kh] rqxyd vkSj vU;ksa us eqxy lkezkT; esa lQyrkiwoZd “kkfey dj fy;k FkkA eqxy “kklu ds varxZr
Hkkjr us ,d ckj fQj ls ,d dkQh cM+h jktuSfrd ,drk dks izkIr dj fy;k FkkA 17oha “krkCnh ds mÙkjk)Z esa eqxy
“kklu dky fc[kjuk vkjaHk gks x;k FkkA
chloha “krkCnh ds izFke o’kksZa esa Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; dkaxzsl }kjk ,d jk’VªO;kih la?k’kZ vkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] ftlesa ckn essa
eqfLye yhx Hkh tqM+ x;h FkhA Hkkjr vkSj ikfdLrku ds vyx&vyx caVokjs ds lkFk Hkkjr us 1947 esa xzsV fczVsu ls
Lora=rk izkIr dj yhA
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dks eq[; rkSj ij fuEufyf[kr rhu Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS & izkphu Hkkjr] e/; Hkkjr vkSj vkËkq&-
fud HkkjrA ^Hkkjr* uke baMl unh] ftlds pkjksa vksj ?kkfV;ksa esa vkjafHkd lH;rk,W fuokl dj jgha Fkha] ls fy;k x;kA
vk;Z iqtkfj;ksa us bl unh dks fla/kq unh ds :i esa ns[kkA
Qkjlh vkØe.kdkfj;ksa us bls fganq esa cny fn;kA ^fganqLrku* uke fla/kq vkSj faganq ls feyk&tqyk gS blfy, bldks
fganqvksa dh Hkwfe dgk x;kA
Hkkjr fo”o dk lcls cM+k yksdra= gS] lalkj dk lkrok¡ lcls cM+k ns”k vkSj lcls iqjkru lH;rkvksa esa ,d gSA
fo”o ds izFke fo”ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk 700 chlh esa r{kf”kyk esa dh xbZ FkhA 10500 ls vf/kd fo|kFkhZ iwjs fo”o ls
60 ls vf/kd fo’k;ksa dk v/;;u djus vkrs FksA ukyank fo”ofo|ky; dk fuekZ.k pkSFkh “krkCnh es fd;k x;k Fkk tks
fd iqjkru Hkkjr dh f”k{kk ds {ks= esa ,d cgqr cM+h miyfC/k FkhA
vk;qosZn ekuo tkfr ds fy, loZizFke fpfdRlk fo|ky; gSA fpfdRlk ds tud & pjd us 2500 o’kZ iwoZ vk;qosZn dks
laxfBr fd;kA
17oha “krkCnh ds izkjaHk esa Hkkjr fczfV”k “kklu ds le; rd lcls vehj ns”kksa esa ls ,d FkkA
“krjat] chtxf.kr] f=dks.kfefr vkSj xq.kd tks i<+s tkrs gSa mudk vkjaHk ewy :i esa Hkkjr ls gh gqvkA ikbZ ds ewY;
dh x.kuk lcls igys Hkkjrh; xf.krK ckS/kk;u us dh vkSj mlus ml vo/kkj.kk dks le>k;k ftldks ikbFkkxksjl izes;
ds :Ik esa tkuk tkrk gSA nqfu;k ds fy, laLÑfr vkSj lH;rk esa Hkkjr dk ;ksxnku vrqyuh; gSA
dk;Zi=d& 14% Hkkstu vkSj iks’k.k
vof/k & 20 feuV
uhps fn, x;s [kk| inkFkksZa dks Li’V djus gsrq xksys esa fn, x, “kCnksa dk iz;ksx dhft,A

24
1- xktj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- tysch --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- vkyw ds fpIl --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- dPpk vke --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- djsyk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- uhps fn, x, fp=ksa esa nks izksVhu ds [kk|inkFkksZa ij xksyk yxk,W vkSj muds uke fy[ksa :
1-------------------------------------------------------------------------2- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- fuEu ds uke fy[ksa :
1- izksVhu dh deh ls gksus okyh chekjh dk uke ----------------------------------------------------------------------
2- nks ihyh lfCt;k¡-------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dqjdqjs uje [kV~Vk ehBk
dqjdqjk dM+ok

25
3- ,d Qy ftls vki lfnZ;ksa esa ugha izkIr dj ldrs ------------------------------------------------------------
4- ,d ,slk [kk| inkFkZ ftls vki u rks ikS/kksa ls vkSj u gh tkuojksa ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- vk”kk dks ges”kk viuk Ldwy cSx ?kj rd ykus esa Fkdku eglwl gksrh FkhA ml le; mls [kkuk fcYdqy Hkh ilan
ugha FkkA bls jksdus ds fy, mls vius Hkkstu esa dkSu lk [kk| inkFkZ “kkfey djuk pkfg, vkSj ;gh Hkkstu D;ksa
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- fuEufyf[kr Hkkstu ds rRoksa ds nks lzksrks ads uke fy[ksa :
dkcksZgkbMªsV~l :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
izksVhu :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
foVkfeu vkSj [kfut yo.k :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
olk : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26
dk;Zi=d& 15% ekSle esa cnyko
okrkoj.k@i;kZoj.k ij _rqvksa ds izHkko
_rqvksa ds uke
okrkoj.k@i;kZoj.k izHkko fp=
ikS/ks
tkuoj
Qy
Qwy
/kjrh
gok
ikuh
diM+s
ekuo thou
R;kSgkj

27
_rqvksa ds uke
okrkoj.k@i;kZoj.k izHkko fp=
ikS/ks
tkuoj
Qy
Qwy
/kjrh
gok
ikuh
diM+s
ekuo thou
R;kSgkj

28
dk;Zi=d& 16% ekuo& “kjhj
1- efLr’d
2- ân;

30
dk;Zi=d& 17% “olu iz.kkyh
“olu iz.kkyh dk D;k vFkZ gS blds Hkkxksa ds uke fy[ksa A
fp= dks mlds Hkkxksa ds uke fy[k dj iwjk djsa vkSj o.kZu djsa] os D;k dk;Z djrs gSa

31
dk;Zi=d& 18% ikpu
ikpu dk D;k vFkZ gS ikpu iz.kkyh ds Hkkxksa ds uke fy[kksA dk;Zi=d ds izR;sd vaxksa ds uke fy[ksa vkSj ;s vax
ikpu ds nkSjku D;k djrs gSa+ bldk o.kZu dj HkjsaA

32
Qkm.Ms”ku dSai ewY;kdau
iz”u 1½ lcls mi;qDr fodYi pqus:
1- dkSu lk vax efLr’d dSfoVh esa fLFkr gS:
d- g~n;
[k- QsQM+k
x- efLr’d
2- buesa ls dkSu d`f’k ds {ks= esa lgh vuqØe dks iznf”Zkr djrk gS:
d- tqrkbZ] flpkabZ] cqvkbZ] Qly dVkbZ
[k- tqrkbZ] cqvkbZ] flpkabZ] Qly dVkbZ
x- cqvkb] tqrkbZ] flpkabZ] Qly dVkbZ
3- Bksl :Ik dks rjy :Ik esa cnyus dh izfØ;k dgykrh gS :
d- ok’ihdj.k
[k- xyuhdj.k
x- teuk
4- ikpu dh izfØ;k izkjEHk gksrh gS :
d- vkek”k;
[k- vkar
x- eq[k
5- gekjs ns”k fgUnqLrku dk uke fy;k x;k gS :
d- bUMl unh
[k- flU/kq unh
x- Åij ds nksuksa
6- ty ok’Ik dk ty esa cnyus dh izfØ;k dgykrh gS :
d- ok’ihdj.k
[k- teuk
x- la?kuu

33
7- dkj[kkuksa ls jlk;uksa dks ufn;ksa esa NksM+uk :
d- ty iznw’k.k
[k- Hkwfe iznw’k.k
x- Hkwfe ,oa ty iznw’k.k
8- i`Foh dh /kqjh ds >qdko ds dkj.k curk gS :
d- vkorZu
[k- ifjØe.k
x- ekSle
9- lkai dh pky dkss :
d- jsaxuk
[k- p<+uk
x- f[klduk
10- lkefxz;ksa dks ty esa rsth ls ?kqyus ds fy, vki djsaxas+
d- ty ds rkieku dks c<+k;sxsa
[k- lkexzh ds d.k vo;oksa dks de djsaxs
x- mijksDr nksuksa
iz”u 2½ dkWye dks feyk,¡ :
^d*
1- xkscj
2- ok;q
3- flU/kq ?kkVh
4- ân;
5- ty
^mÙkj*
1- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
3- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
4- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
5- &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

34
iz”u 3½ fo’ke esa xksyk yxk;sa vkSj mlds dkj.k crk;sa fd ,slk D;ksa fd;k
1- vkek”k; QsQM+k us= efLr’d
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
2- vkWDlhtu ty ukbVªkstu dkcZuMkbDlkbM
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
3- ihuk “olu /kqykbZ jlksbZ
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
4- xqnk vkek”k; xqnkZ vk¡r
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
5- VekVj pkoy cktjk Tokj
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
6- dkj Vgyuk Vªd eksVjlkbfdy
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

35
iz”u 4½ fjDr LFkkuksa dks mi;qDr “kCnksa ls Hkjsa :
1- fNM+dko okyh flapkbZ vk/kqfud flapkbZ ]++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------------------------------------------- %ijEijkxr flapkbZ
2- unh% ------------------------------------------------------- %leqnz% uedhu ¼[kkjk½ ikuh
3- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------% ckyw dk Vhyk igkM+h% ioZr ls NksVk mHkjk gqvk xksykdkj /kjrh dk
Lo:i
4- nkSM+uk % xfr ] fodkl %-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- ewyh% tM+] iÙkh %--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iz”u 5½ fuEufyf[kr ds uke fy[ksa :
1- nks ltho inkFkZ -----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
2- nks rjy inkFkZ -----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
3- nks inkFkZ tks ty esa ?kqyu”khy gks -----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
4- Hkw&vkd`fr;ksa ds nks Lo:i -----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
5- ;krk;kr ds nks lk/ku -----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
iz”u 6½ fuEufyf[kr ds mÙkj nsa :
vax dk uke O;k[;k ;g dgk¡ fLFkr gS ;g D;k dk;Z djrk gS
--------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------

36
iz”u 7½ fuEukafdr lkj.kh dks iwjk djsa %
lalk/ku ,d mi;ksx
1½ ikS/ksa
2½ ty
3½ feV~Vh
4½ i”kq
iz”u 8½ lgh xyr dks Li’V djsa rFkk xyr dFku dks lgh djsa :
1- pyrs&fQjrs ckny ltho oLrq gSA
mÙkj %&
2- tc ,d dqÙks dh Nkrh lksrs le; Åij&uhps gksrh gS rks bldk fodkl D;k n”kkZrk gS
mÙkj %&

37
3- fuEukafdr fp=ksa esa D;k ns[krs gS blds fy, D;k dkj.k lksprs gS
v-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

38
l-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iz”u 9½ ,d ;k nks okD;ksa esa mÙkj nsa :
v- inkFkZ dh dkSu lh rhu voLFkk,¡ gS mnkgj.k nsaA
mÙkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c- laln ds nks lnuksa ds uke crk,¡ :
mÙkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
l- nks ioZrksa ds chp esa dkSu lh Hkw&vkd`fr vkrh gS
mÙkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n- vkfny nkar lkQ djrs uy [kqyk j[krk gSA bl ij vki D;k lykg nsxsa mls D;k djuk pkfg,
mÙkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40
ifjp;
;g fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh viuh vH;kl iqfLrdk gSA bldk mn~ns”; lg;ksxkRed vf/kxe pj.k esa fd, tk jgs dkeksa dks xgjkbZ
ls lh[kus esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh enn djuk gSA ;g bl rjg ls cukbZ xbZ gS fd f”k{kd igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ n{krk
fl[kk,axs vkSj fQj mlds vH;kl ds fy, blesa dqN iz”u fn, x, gSaaA mu iz”uksa ds mRrj nsus ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mu
n{krkvksa dks iDdk djus esa enn feysxhA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dbZ txg ,sls iz”u fn, x, gSa ftUgsa djus ds ckn d{kk esa izLrqr djuk gS rFkk ml ij lkFkh
fo|kfFkZ;ksa o f”k{kd ds lkFk ckr djuh gSA
vke rkSj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl ij ,d fnu esa nks ckj dke djuk iM+sxkA f”k{kd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks crk nsaxs fd mUgsa bl
ij dc dke djuk gSA
bl vH;kl iqfLrdk esa dqN iz”u ,sls fn, x, gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk ds vH;kl ds fy, gSa vkSj dqN
iz”u ,sls gSa tks f”k{kd }kjk fl[kkbZ xbZ n{krk dks mlds vxys Lrj ij bLrseky djus ds fy, gSA ,sls iz”u fo|kfFkZ;ksa
ds lkeus muds Kku dks FkksM+k QSykus ds fy, j[ks x, gSa rkfd os mu pqukSfr;ksa ls tw> dj viuh le> dks FkksM+k
vkSj fodflr dj ik,aA

41
dk;Z i=d& 1% ikS/ks
ikS/ks dk fp= cukdj mlds vaxksa ds uke fy[kksA vki ftu ikS/kksa dks [kkrs gSa] mu ikS/kksa ds uke dks xksyk djsaA [kk,
tkus okys ikS/kksa ds vaxksa ds 2 mnkgj.k nhft,A tSls & tM+sa  xktj] ewyh vkfn] ruk & vkyw] vnjd] xUuk vkfnA

42
dk;Zi=d& 2% ikS/ks
Øe la[;k ikS/ks dk uke D;k ge bl ikS/ks dks [kkrs gSa ¼gk¡
;k ugh½a
ikS/ks ds fdl Hkkx dks ge [kkrs gSa

43
dk;Zi=d& 3% ikS/ks
izR;sd ds rhu mnkgj.k nhft,A
IksM +: __________________________________________________________________________________________
>kfM+;k¡: ________________________________________________________________________________________
folihZ ikS/ks: _____________________________________________________________________________________
“kkd: __________________________________________________________________________________________
fuEukafdr ikS/kksa dks rus ds izdkj ds vk/kkj ij lewgksa esa ck¡fV,A
¼cjxn] uhacw] ykSdh] rqylh]eqlCcj osjk]xqMgy] fepZ] /kfu;k]iqnhuk]dsyk]uhe]rjksbZ@[khjk]beyh]euh IykaV]fHkaUMh]cSaxu½
vke vkSj dVgy ds ikS/ksa o`{k dgykrs gSa] D;ksa
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
>kM+h vkSj yrkvksa esa vUrj dhft,A¼nks vUrj½
>kfM+;ka Ykrk,sa

44
dk;Zi=d& 4% ikS/ks
ifÙk;ksa ds izdkj
Ø-la- fp= cukuk fdukjk cukoV vkdkj vkd`fr ikS/ks dk uke
fy[kks] ftlls
lEcaf/kr gSA
1
2
3
4
5
6

45
Ø-la- fp= cukuk fdukjk cukoV vkdkj vkd`fr ikS/ks dk uke
fy[kks] ftlls
lEcaf/kr gSA
7
8
fyf[kr oDrO;: eki
HkkSfrd ek=k ifjHkk’kk midj.kksa dk iz;ksx
fd;k
bdkbZ;k¡ Ikqjkuh bdkb;k¡
1½ yEckbZ fdlh oLrq dh yEckbZ
pkSM+kbZ esa vUrj vFkok
,d fdukjs ls nwljs
fdukjs dh yEckbZ
Ldsy ekiu] Qhrk]
ehVj jkWM vkfn
Lkseh- ehVj bap]
xt] QqV
Ckkfy”r] gkFk dh yEckbZ
2½ nwjh nks phtksa ;k LFkku ds
chp nwjh
nks oLrqvksa] nks fcUnqvksa
rFkk js[kkvksa ds chp ds
LFkku dks nwjh dgrs gSA
nwjh ekid ifg;k]
ekid Qhrk
Lkseh- ehVj bap]
xt]QqV
fdyksehVj
QqV
3½ {ks=Qy Hkqtk dk oxZ vFkok
yEckbZ ,ao pkSM+kbZ ds
xq.kuQy dks
{ks=Qy dgrs gaSA
1- {ks=Qy y0 XpkS0
¼tc Hkqtk;s vleku gks½
2- {ks=Qy¼Hkqtk½2¼tc
Hkqtk;sa leku gSaSA½
Ekkid Qhrk Ldsy
xzkQ isij vkfn
oxZ lseha
oxZ fdeh0
oXkZ bap
oxZ xt
oXkZ QqV ,dM+
]gsDVs;j

46
HkkSfrd ek=k ifjHkk’kk midj.kksa dk iz;ksx
fd;k
bdkbZ;k¡ Ikqjkuh bdkb;k¡
4 ½ Hkkj “kjhj ds inkFkZ dh ek=k
dks Hkkj dgk tkrk gS
ge bls lkekU;r% otu
dgrs gSaA
Rkjktw dekuhnkj]
rqyk
rjktw bysDVªkWfud
rjktw vkfn
Xkzke] fdxzk]
ikS.M] dqUry]
Vu
eqV~Bh Hkj
5½ vk;ru Bksl] nzo ;k xSl }kjk
?ksjs tkus okys LFkku dks
vk;ru dgrs gSaA
vk;r =y0 XpkS0 XÅ0
Lkw= % yEckbZ X pkSM+kbZ
X Å¡pkbZ
V=l Xb Xh
Bksl ds fy, Ldsy]
ikuh dks ekius ds
fy, yhVj
?ku lseh
?ku eh-
?ku QhV
?ku ehy
?ku yhVj]
feyh] xSyu
6½ {kerk fdlh oLrq dks idM+us]
izkIr djus ;k lks[kus
dh ekiu dks {kerk
dgrs gSA
Ekkiu tx @ ik= ?ku lseh
?ku eh
?ku QhV
/ku ehy
yhVj] feyh]
xSyu]
7½ rkieku “kjhj ;k LFkku dh xehZ
;k B.Mh dks ekiuk
Rkkiekid ;a= fMxzh
lsfYl;l¼°c½
QkjsugkbV¼°F½
dsfYou(Ki)
8½ le; Ekkih x;h ;k ekiu
;ksX; dky dks le;
dgrs gSsaA
nhokj ?kM+h] gkFk
?kM+h]
Lksds.M feuV]
fnu] lIrkg]
g¶rk] ekl] o’kZ
Lkw;ksZn; vksj lw;kZLr jsr?kM+h] /kwi
?kM+hA
M.K.S system: Length-Meters (m); Mass-Kilograms (kg); Time –Seconds (s).
C.G.S. system: Length-Centimeters (cm), Mass-Grams (g), Time-Seconds.
F.P.S. system: Length-Foot, Mass-Pound, Time-Seconds

47
dk;Zi=d& 5% ekiu
gS.M vkmV dk iz;ksx dj dk;Z i=d Hkjsa:
__________________________________________________________________________
1- Ikqjkus le; esa iz;ksx gksus okyh bdkb;ksa ds uke fy[kksA
____________________________________________________________________
2- dqN ek=k,a tks ekih tk ldrh gSa] ds uke fy[kksA
____________________________________________________________________
3 nwljh ekius okyh bdkb;k¡ D;k gSa
____________________________________________________________________
4 Hkkj ekius dh dkSu lh bdkb;k¡ gS
____________________________________________________________________
5 {kerk ekius dh dkSu lh bdkb;k¡ gSa
___________________________________________________________________
6 vk;ru D;k gS bZaV dk vk;ru tkuus ds fy, dkSu lk lw= iz;ksx djsaxs vk;ru dks ekius ds fy, fdu
bdkb;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa
____________________________________________________________________
7 vki irhys dh {kerk ls D;k le>rs gSa
____________________________________________________________________
8 rkieku D;k gS bldh bdkb;k¡ dkSu&dkSu lh gS
____________________________________________________________________
9 le; D;k gS le; ekiu dh dqN bdkb;ksa ds uke fy[kksA
____________________________________________________________________
dk;Zi=d& 6% ekiu
1- d{kk esa ,d oLrq tks 5 lseh yach gS] ,d oLrq tks 1 eh yach gS vkSj ,d oLrq tks 15 lseh yach gS mldk
uke [kkstdj fjdkWMZ djsaA
____________________________________________________________________
2- njokts dh pkSM+kbZ ;k v/;kid dh est dh Å¡pkbZ esa dkSu yEck gS
____________________________________________________________________
3- vius nksLr ds lehi [kM+s gks] vki esa ls dkSu yack gS vki dSls irk djsaxs
____________________________________________________________________

48
4- vki dejs dh yackbZ dSls ekisaxs dkSu lk midj.k bLrseky djsaxs D;ksa
____________________________________________________________________
5- ge lfCt;ksa dh eki dSls djsaxs dkSu lk midj.k iz;ksx djksxs
____________________________________________________________________
6- ;fn vkidks dksbZ diM+k [kjhnuk gks rks vki mldk eki dSls djsaxs
____________________________________________________________________
7- ;fn vkids nksLr dks cq[kkj gS] rks vki dSls irk djksxs vki dSls ekisaxs
____________________________________________________________________
8- ik¡p ckj d{kk dk pDdj yxkus ij vkidks fdruk le; yxsxk vki dSls ekisaxs
____________________________________________________________________
9- mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls nks mnkgj.k ns ftuls ge lgh ekiu dj lds
____________________________________________________________________
10- ,sls nks ifjfLFkfr crkvks tgk¡ ge vuqekfur eki ;k vkdyu dk bLrseky djrs gSa
____________________________________________________________________
11- vki iRrs dk {ks=Qy dSls ekisaxs
____________________________________________________________________
12- vkids ?kj ds lkeus ,d NksVk rkykc gSA vkids ikl nks ekius okys Vhu ds MCcs gsa & ,d dh {kerk 5 yhVj
gS vkSj nwljs dh {kerk 3 yhVj gS vkidks vius izkstsDV ds fy, 4 yhVj ikuh pkfg,A vki bu nks Vhu ds MCcs
ls 4 yhVj ikuh dSls bLrseky djsaxsA
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

49
dk;Zi=d& 7% xfr ds izdkj
1 xfr D;k gS ___________________________________________________________________________
2 nwjh D;k gS ____________________________________________________________________________
3 fuEufyf[kr fdl izdkj ds dk;Z dks n”kkZrs gSaA
¼v½ fpfM+;ksa ds ia[kksa dk pyuk________________________________________________
¼c½ ia[ks dk pyuk- _________________________________________________________
¼l½ f[kykfM+;ksa }kjk QqVcky [ksyuk____________________________________________
¼n½ dSje [ksyuk____________________________________________________________
¼M½ fØdsV esa ju ysuk_______________________________________________________
¼,Q½ frrfy;ksa dk mM+uk____________________________________________________
¼th½ if{k;ksa ds >qaM dk mM+uk ________________________________________________
¼,p½ pyrh gqbZ jsyxkM+h____________________________________________________

¼vkbZ½ uko dk rSjuk________________________________________________________
¼ts½ eNfy;ksa dk >qaM & xfr dh ,d:irk._____________________________________

50
dk;Zi=d& 8% xfr ds izdkj
fuEufyf[kr izdkj ds xfr ds ,d&,d mnkgj.k fyf[k,A
,- ?kw.kZuxfr ________________________________________________________________
Ckh- vkorhZxfr ________________________________________________________________
lh- ;kÍfPNd _________________________________________________________________
;g fdruh rst nkSM+rh gS
,- ,d eksVj xkM+h eqEcbZ ls iq.ks 60 fdyksehVj@ ?kaVs dh j¶rkj ls tk jgh gSA vk/ks ?kaVs esa og fdruh nwjh r; dj
ik;sxh
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ckh- jhek Ldwy dh Vhe esa pqus tkus ds fy, rSjkdh lh[k jgh FkhA mlus rkykc dh 30 eh- nwjh dks nks xksyksa esa 6
feuV esa iwjk fd;kA mldh rSjus dh xfr D;k Fkh
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
dk;Zi=d& 9% cy
Ukhps fn, x;s dkWye esa dqN dk;Z tks vki d{kk esa djrs gS oks fy[kks dkSu ls dk;Z esa /kDdk ;k [khapus dh t:jr
iM+rh gS mlds vkxs lgh dk fpg~u yxkvksA
Øe la- dk;Z ¼vki us D;k dk;Z fd;k½ D;k ;g /kDdk gS D;k ;g [khapuk gS
1
2
3
4

51
Øe la- dk;Z ¼vki us D;k dk;Z fd;k½ D;k ;g /kDdk gS D;k ;g [khapuk gS
5
6
7
8
9
10
dk;Zi=d& 10% cy
viuk dk;Z [kRe djus ds ckn uhps dkWye esa lgh dk fpg~u yxk,A
Ø- la- dk;Z D;k vkdkj esa
dksbZ ifjorZu
vkrk gS
D;k fn”kk esa
ifjorZu vkrk
gS
D;k oLrq viuh
txg ls fgyrh
gS
D;k oLrq :drh
gS
1 IykfLVd dh xsan dks mNkyuk
2 IykfLVd dh xsan dks Qsaduk
3 IykfLVd dh xsan dks idM+uk
4 jcj dh xsan dks mNkyuk

52
Ø- la- dk;Z D;k vkdkj esa
dksbZ ifjorZu
vkrk gS
D;k fn”kk esa
ifjorZu vkrk
gS
D;k oLrq viuh
txg ls fgyrh
gS
D;k oLrq :drh
gS
5 jcj dh xsan dks Qsaduk
6 jcj dh xsan dks idM+uk
7 vkVs dks nckuk
8 vkVs dks xwaFkuk
dk;Zi=d& 11% cy
Ø-la- fØ;kdyki D;k djsa vkius D;k igpkuk ;g dkSu lk cy gS
1 3&4 cPpksa
dh xkM+h
dkjksa dks fofHkUu <kyksa ij pyk,+
xkfM+;ksa dks vyx Lyksi esa ?kqek,
¼lh/kh est] VsM+h est½ vkSj vyx
lrg ij ¼fpduk vkSj [kqjnjk½a
2 ,d tx
ikuh ydM+h
dk eudk]
iRFkj
Ekuds vkSj iRFkj dks ikuh esa Mkysa
3 Qwyk xqCckjk
vkSj dkxt
ds VqdM+s
xqCckjs dks jxM+s vkSj dkxt ds Vqd-
M+ks ds lehi yk,
4 nks pqEcd mUgha LFkkuksa ij pqEcd yk,a fQj
nwj ys tk,a
5 ckYVh ikuh
vkSj tx ds
lkFk
Ikkuh ds vUnj mYVs tx dks /kDdk
nksA

53
Ø-la- fØ;kdyki D;k djsa vkius D;k igpkuk ;g dkSu lk cy gS
6 eksVk Iyk-
fLVd LVªkW
vkSj vyx
phts tSls
eudk] lhisa]
jcj] isij
fDyi
LVªkW ls Qwaddj phtksa dks fgykvks
7 Ldwy cLrk
ftlesa
fdrkcs gksa
Ldwy cLrs dks mBkvksa
8 dqN fdrkcsa
est ij
Ekst ds ckgj fdrkcksa dks ËkDdk nks
9
dk;Zi=d& 12% cy
Ø- la Cky ds izdkj jkstkuk dh ftanxh ls mnkgj.k
1 Iks”kh; cy
2 ;kaf=d cy
3 Pkqacdh; cy
4 Xkq:Rokd’kZ.k cy
5 LFkSfud fo|qr cy
6 ?k’kZ.k cy
7 U;wuredj.kh; cy
8 c<+rk gqvk ?k’kZ.k

54
dk;Zi=d& 13% iq’iksa ds Hkkx
uksV& iq’Ik ds fuEu Hkkxksa ds fp= cukvksa:
1 oá; ny
2- oá; ny iqat

55
3- iqa[kqMh ;k ny
4- nyiqat

56
dk;Zi=d& 14% tkuoj dSls [kkrs gSa
Ø l- Tkkuoj ds uke ;g D;k [kkrk gS bl Hkkstu dk lzksr D;k gS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

57
dk;Zi=d& 15% tkuoj dSls [kkrs gSa
1- “kkdkgkjh D;k gS____________________________________________________________
2- Ek¡klkgkjh D;k gS____________________________________________________________
3- loZHk{kh D;k gS_____________________________________________________________
viuh lwph esa fy[ks gq, tkuojksa dks Øe ls bu rhu lewg esa fy[ks
“kkdkgkjh Ekk¡lkgkjh loZHk{kh

58
dk;Zi=d& 16: tkuoj dSls [kkrs gSa
Ø la [kkuk vanj ysus ds izdkj mu tkuojksa ds uke fy[kks tks bl rjhds
ls [kkuk ysrs gSa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

59
dk;Zi=d& 17% nkc
bu fp=ksa esa dkSulk cy fn[k jgk gS
1. ____________________________ 2.______________________________ 3._____________________________
____________________________ ______________________________ _____________________________
dkSu ls esy ls cy vkSj {ks=Qy T;knk ncko nsxk
_______________________________________________________________________________
dkSu ls esy ls cy vkSj {ks=Qy de ncko nsxk
_______________________________________________________________________________
nkc dh x.kuk djus dk lw= D;k gSa
_______________________________________________________________________________
buesa ls dkSu lk tehu ij T;knk ncko yxkrk gS vkSj D;ksa
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
2 jkstkuk ftanxh ls ,sls nks mnkgj.k crkb, tgk¡ NksVs {ks=Qy ls T;knk ncko c<+k;k tk,

60
dk;Zi=d& 18% nkc
Ø-la- dk;Z&dyki D;k djsa vki D;k lksprs gSa
D;k gksxk
vlfy;r esa D;k gqvk vkSj
D;ksa
1 5&6 Xyklsa 1@3
ikuh ls Hkjh gqbZ]
xRrk lwpdkad
xRrs
Xykl ds eq¡g dks iwjk ,d eksVs
xRrs ls <d nksA dkMZ dks ,d
LFkku ij idM+ dj fxykl dks
Åij uhps tksj ls fgyk;saA
2 5&6 2 yh- Iyk-
fLVd dh cksrysa
vk/kh ikuh ls Hkjh
gqbZ] LVªkW] fpduh
feV~Vh
,d yEch LVªk ysa vkSj bls cks-
ry ds eq¡g esa MkysaA cksry dk
eq¡g dqN fpduh feV~Vh ls can
djsaA LVªk esa tksj ls Qwadsa vkSj
ihNs [kM+s gks tk;sa
3 5&6 IykfLVd
dhi] 5&6 fiax-
&iksax xsan
fiax iksax xsan dks dhi ds eksVs
Hkkx ds vanj Mkysa vkSj mlds
ladjs Hkkx esa tksj ls Qw¡dsaA
4 5&6 [kkyh 1 th-
IykfLVd cksrysa
Ckksry ds vanj tksj ls Qw¡dsaA
dk;Zi=d& 19: nkc
Ø- la dk;Z D;k djsa vki D;k
lksprs gSa
D;k gksxk
vlfy;r esa D;k gqvk vkSj D;ksa
D;k ;g vkidks ikuh ds O;ogkj
ds ckjs esa crkrk gS
1 ,d IykfLVd ik= ftlds
vk/ks ikuh esa 4&5 Nsn xqns
gksaA
Ikkuh dks ?kM+s esas eq¡g rd Hk-
jks fQj fujh{k.k djksA ik=
ds Åij rd ikuh dks Hkj
nsaA

61
Ø- la dk;Z D;k djsa vki D;k
lksprs gSa
D;k gksxk
vlfy;r esa D;k gqvk vkSj D;ksa
D;k ;g vkidks ikuh ds O;ogkj
ds ckjs esa crkrk gS
2 nks [kkyh 1 yhVj dh Iyk-
fLVd cksrysa mlesa Nsn dj
pkj bap nwjh ls tehu ij]
IykfLVd ds VqdM+ksa dks ikuh
esa HkjsaA
nks IykfLVd cksryksa dks
,d IykfLVd /kkxs ls Nsn
dj tksM+sA ,d cksry dks
iwjk HkjsaA ns[ksa D;k gksrk gS
Ø- la- [kk| oLrq ds uke ;g fdl ls cuk gS blesa dkSu lk ?kVd gS

62
Ø- la- [kk| oLrq ds uke ;g fdl ls cuk gS blesa dkSu lk ?kVd gS
dk;Zi=d& 21: Hkkstu vkSj iks’k.k
vLi’V
1-

63
2- LoLFk [kk| fijkfeM

64
fuEufyf[kr ds uke] fp= vkSj jax Hkjsa
v- nks [kk|kUu
c- 3& elkys
l- 2& Qy
n- 2 ikS/kksa ds Hkkx ftuds Qy dks ugha muds Hkkx dks [kkrs gSa
M- 2 iRrsnkj lfCt;k¡
/k- 2 nkysa
u- 2 lfCt;k¡ ftudk jax ihyk gksA
m- 2 tM+s tks ge [kkrs gSa Øe la[;k lgh djsa tSls ,]ch]lh]Mh]bZ],Q]th] vkfnA
b 2 rus tks ge [kkrs gSaA
vkids uk”rs dk uke- _________________________________________________________
Ø- la- ?kVd dk uke blesa dkSu lk xBu gS

65
Ø- la- ?kVd dk uke blesa dkSu lk xBu gS
viuk uk”rk cukus dh lwph fyf[k,A
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

66
[kkuk cukus ds fofHkUu rjhdksa dks ckDl ls HkjsaA gj ,d rjhds dk ,d mnkgj.k fy[kksA

67
1- fofHkUu O;olk;@mez@fyax ds yksxksa ds fy, vkn”kZ [kk| fijkfeM D;k gksxk vkSj D;ks
2 O;olk;@mez@fyax dh rqyuk ¶yS”k dksMZ ij djsa vkSj ,d vkn”kZ [kk| fijkfeM lq>k,A
O;olk; 1_____________________________________________________________
O;olk; 2__________________________________

68
mez@fyax 1______________________________________________
mez@fyax 2___________________________________________________

69
dk;Zi=d& 27% ghurk tU; jksx
eSa dkSu gw¡
1- eSa ukjaxh jax dk gw¡ vkSj tehu ds vanj mxrk gw¡ A
vxj vki eq>s [kk,axsa rks vki jkr dks vPNs ls ns[k ldsaxsA
_____________________________________________________________________
2- esjh deh ls elwM+ksa ls [kwu cgrk gS A
eSa gj [kV~Bh pht esa ik;k tkrk gw¡A
_____________________________________________________________________
3- eSa vkids [kwu esa vkSj yky jax okys Hkkstu esa gw¡A
_____________________________________________________________________
4- dqN lQsn Hkkstu esa feyrk gw¡A fdUrq eSa vkids nkarks dks etcwr o lQsn cukrk gSA
5- vki eq>s lw;Z dh jks”kuh esa <w¡< ldrs gSA eSa vkidks [kM+s jgus dh rkdr nwaxkA
_____________________________________________________________________
6- Jqfr vius vkgkj esa iRrsnkj lfCt;ka ysrh gSA ;g mls fdu chekfj;ksa ls cpkrh gSa
_____________________________________________________________________
7- Tkc vyh us lsc dks vius nk¡rksa ls dkVk rks mluss dVh gqbZ txg esa [kwu ns[kkA mls vius vkgkj es adkSu
lk [kkuk [kkuk pkfg,
_____________________________________________________________________
8- Ekhjk dh ek¡ tYnh Fkd tkrh gSaA og cgqr detksj yxrh gSA ehjk dh ek¡ dks fdl rRo dh deh gS
_____________________________________________________________________
9- NksVs bZ”kku dh ek¡ gj fnu mlds fy, nw/k D;ksa cukrh gSa
_____________________________________________________________________
10- gj lqcg m’kk ds nknk Vgyus tkrs gSa] muds “kjhj dks ;g dSls vlj djsxk
_____________________________________________________________________

70
dk;Zi=d& 28% chekjh dk QSyuk
jksxk.kq ls vki D;k le>rs gSa
__________________________________________________________________________
jksxk.kq dgk¡ ik, tkrs gSa
__________________________________________________________________________
D;k jksxk.kq gekjs fy, gkfudkjd gS mnkgj.k fyf[k;s
__________________________________________________________________________
D;k jksxk.kq gekjs fy, ykHknk;d gS mnkgj.k fyf[k;s
__________________________________________________________________________
jksxk.kq ls T;knkrj gksus okyh dqN chekfj;ksa ds uke crkb;sA
__________________________________________________________________________
dk;Zi=d& 29: chekjh dk QSyuk
gok }kjk gksus okyh chekfj;ka
dqN mnkgj.k jksxk.kq dSls QSyrs
gSa
dqN y{k.k vki mls dSls jksd ldrs gSaA

71
ikuh }kjk gksus okyh chekfj;ka
jksxk.kq dSls QSyrs gSa mnkgj.k dqN y{k.k vki mls dSls jksd ldrs gSaA
[kkus }kjk gksus okyh chekfj;k¡
jksxk.kq dSls QSyrs gSa mnkgj.k dqN y{k.k vki mls dSls jksd ldrs gSa

72
laØked jksx
jksxk.kq dSls
QSyrs gSa
mnkgj.k dqN y{k.k vki mls dSls jksd ldrs gSa
dk;Zi=d& 32% nzO; dh voLFkk,¡
mu chl phtksa ds uke fy[kks tks vkius d{kk ;k mlds ckgj ns[kh gksA
mudks Bksl] nzo vkSj xSl esa ck¡VsA
Ø- la- oLrqvksa ds uke fy[ksa Ø- la- oLrqvksa ds uke fy[ksa
Bksl nzo xSl

73
fp= cukdj o.kZUk djsa :
1. Bksl 2nzo 3. xSl
nzO; dks muds v.kqvks ds vk/kkj ij O;ofLFkr djsa :
¼1½ Bksl ¼2½ nzo ¼3½ xSl
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
dk;Zi=d& 33: nzO; dh voLFkk,¡
“kh’kZd &inkFkZ txg ?ksjrs gSaA
mn~ns”;
lkexzh
fof/k
fp=dkjh

74
fujh{k.k
fu’d’kZ
nzO; esa Hkkj gksrk gSa
mn~ns”;
Lkkexzh
fof/k
fp=dkjh
fujh{k.k

75
fu’d’kZ
?kqyus dh xfrfof/k :
lkexzh Ikkuh ¼D;k gqvk½ fljdk ¼D;k gqvk½ Rksy ¼D;k gqvk½
Uked
Pkhuh
feV~Vh
Pkhuh] ikuh esa D;ksa ?kqyrh gS
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Tkc ikuh esa isaV Mkyk tk, rks ikuh jaxhu D;ksa gks tkrk gS
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
feV~Vh ikuh esa D;ksa ugha ?kqyrh
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
vius mnkgj.kksa ls bl lwph dks Hkjsa
foys; + foyk;d = foy;u
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =

76
dk;Zi=d& 36% nzO; dk oxhZdj.k
1. oLrqvksa ds oxhZdj.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. lHkh ekStwn inkFkksZa dk oxhZdj.k fdl izdkj fd;k x;k gS
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. lcls NksVs inkFkZ dks D;k dgrs gSa
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. rRo D;k gS nks mnkgj.k nsaA
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. feJ.k D;k gS nks mnkgj.k nsaA
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ;kSfxd D;k gS nks mnkgj.k nsaAOksu fp= dk iz;ksx dj feJ.k vkSj feJr esa lekurk,a vkSj varj crk,aA
8 gj fp= dk lgh esy mlds lgh fooj.k ls djksA fp= dk iz;ksx ,d ckj gh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
1 2 3 4 5
1- “kq} rRo & flQZ ,d izdkj dk ijek.kq mifLFkr
2- nks rRo dk feJ.k& nks izdkj ds vu tqM+s ijek.kq mifLFkr
3- “kq} ;kSfxd & flQZ ,d izdkj dk ;kSfxd mifLFkr
4- nks ;kSfxd dk feJ.k & nks izdkj ds ;kSfxd
5- ,d ;kSfxd vkSj rRo dk feJ.k

77
mÙkj
1 ____________
2 ____________
3____________
4____________
5____________
dk;Zi=d& 37: ijek.kq dh ljapuk
fp=dkjh dh enn ls ts ts FkkWelu vkSj jnjQksMZ ds ijek.kq ekWMy ds chp varj djds mudh rqyuk djsa vkSj le>k;saA
Tks ts FkkWelu ijek.kq ekWMy jnjQksMZ ijek.kq ekWMy
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

78
1- izksVku dh la[;k fdlh rRo ds ijek.kq esa n”kkZrh gS] vkSj fdlh rRo esa bysDVªku dh la[;k -------------------------------
---------- n”kkZrh gSA
2- izksVku ,ao U;wVªku dh dqy la[;k ml rRo dh ------------------------------------------------------dgykrh gSA
3- izksVkuks dh la[;k Kkr djus ds fy;s --------------------------------------ls --------------------------/;ku pfg;sA
dk;Zi=d& 38% ijek.kq dh lajpuk
1- Ikjek.kq esa rhu ekSfyd d.kksa ds uke vkSj mudk vkos”k crkvksa
1.
2.
3.

2- izksVksu dh la[;k fdlh rRo ds ijek.kq esa
n”kkZrh gSa ,oa bysDVªku dh la[;k n”kkZrk gSA
3- }oeku vadks dk iz;ksx La[;k dh x.kuk ds fy;s fd;k tkrk
esa ,d ?kVd dk ijek.kq gSa
4- izksVksu dh la[;kvksa dh x.kuk djus ds Øe esa vkidks ?kVkuk pkfg;s ls A
5- uhps fn, x, fp= ij ,d ijek.kq ds dqN fgLlksa dk ukekadu djsaA
6- dkSu ls nks mi ijekf.od d.k ukfHkd esa gksrs gSa
___________________________________________________________________________

79
7- vxj fdlh ijek.kq ls 35 izksVkWu ukfHkd esa gS rks fdrus bysDVªkWu ukfHkd dh d{kk esa gS
___________________________________________________________________________
dk;Zi=d& 39% dk;Z vkSj ÅtkZ
fuEufyf[kr mnkgj.k esa D;k dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSa ;k ugh
Ø- la- fØ;kdyki D;k dke fd;k tk jgk gSa
1 ehjk Ldwy tk jgha gS
2 bZ”kku fdrkc i<+ jgk gSA
3 tkWu QqVckWy [ksy jgk gSA
4 nknk dqlhZ ij cSBs gSaA
5 eksgu dkj pyk jgk gSA
6 vuq diM+s /kks jgh gS
7 ia[ks dh ia[kqM+h ?kwe jgh gSaA
8 cPps Hkkx vkSj [ksy jgs gSaA
9 dqN yksx cl LVkWi ij [kM+s gSaA
10 jhek ukp jgh gSA
fuEufyf[kr dk;ksZ esa cy vkSj foLFkkiu D;k gS :
Ø- la- fØ;kdyki Cky foLFkkiu
1 m’kk Nr ls xasn Qsadrh gS
2 vfudsr Bsys dks /kDdk ns jgk
gSA
3 CkSy cSyxkM+h dks [khap jgs gSaA
4 xqIrk th n¶rj tk jgs gSaA
5 vyh rLohj cuk jgk gSA

80
Ø-la- Lkexzh D;k djsa D;k gksrk vkSj vkSj D;ksa
1 cPpksa dh xk-
M+h] [kqjnqjs vkSj
eqyk;e lrg

cPpksa okyh xkM+h dks /kDdk nks vkSj
mls tkus nks vyx&vyx lrg ij
mls /kDdk nsus dk iz;kl djks tSls]
diM+s ij IykfLVd ij] ydM+h ij
vkfn ;s fdl izdkj dh ÅtkZ dks
n”kkZrs gSa vkSj dgk¡ tk jgh gS
2 jcM+ dh xsans gj ,d xsan dks fxjk,aA ;s dkSu&lh
ÅtkZ dks n”kkZrs gSa tc vkius bUgsa
idM+k gqvk Fkk vkSj tc vkius bls
fxjk;kA
3 jcM iV~Vk]
rjg&rjg ds
Xyklsl
jcj ds iV~Vs dks IykfLVd fxykl
ds [kqyh txg ij dldj ck¡/kksaA
jcj ds iV~Vs dks ,sBksa] og D;k dj
jgk gS fxykl vkSj /kkrq fxykl ls
mldk ijh{k.k djsaA vkokt ykus ds
fy, D;k djuk iM+sxk
4 jcM+ dk iV~Vk jcj ds iV~Vs dks mruh etcwrh ls
[khapksa ftruh etcwrh ls vki [khp
ldrs gks] fQj NksM+ nks] D;k gqvk
;g dkSu lh ÅtkZ dks n”kkZrs gSa ;g
ÅtkZ dgk¡ ls vk jgh gS vkSj dgk¡ tk
jgh gSA
5 jaxHkjh dSaMh@
pk;iÙkh @ vkSj
KMn04, ikuh]
eksecÙkh
Ikkuh ls Hkjs chdj esa ,d VqdM+k jaxf-
cjaxh dSaMh @ pk; dh iÙkh @ ikSVs-
f”k;e ijeSaxkusV MkysaA ikuh dks ek-
secÙkh ls xeZ djsaA ikuh dk fujh{k.k
djsa vkius D;k ns[kk ,slk D;ksa gqvk
;g dkSu lh ÅtkZ fn[kykrk gS
6 fLkjdk] IykfLVd
cSx] csfdax lksMk]
eghu dkxt

fTki can cLrs esa fljdk Mkyks- csfdax
lksMk dks eghu dkxt esa MkyksA eksM+ks
vkSj fti can cLrs esa MkyksA can djks
vkSj mldk fujh{k.k djksA ;g fdl
rjg dh ÅtkZ dks n”kkZrk gS ;g
ÅtkZ dgk¡ ls vk jgh gS

81
fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh dks Hkjs- lafpr :
fØ;kdyki ÅtkZ ds :i ÅtkZ ds :Ik] ftlesa oks cny tkrh gS
1- ia[kk can djuk
2- lCth cukuk .
3- xkuk lh-Mh esa ctkuk .
4- ekfpl dh rhyh
tykuk
.
5- xhtj bLrseky djuk
nks laoguh; ÅtkZ ds lzksrksa ds uke vkSj muds mnkgj.k tks ge viuh jkstkuk ftanxh esa bLrseky djrs gSaA
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
nks xSj laoguh; ÅtkZ lzksr ds uke vkSj muds mnkgj.k tks ge viuh jkstkuk ftanxh esa bLrseky djrs gSaA
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
dk;Zi=d& 42% izdk”k
Ikzdk”k ds xq.k
mn~ns”;^& izdk”k lh/kh js[kk esa pyrk gSA
Lkkexzh

82
fof/k
fp=dkjh
fujh{k.k
fu’d’kZ
izdk”k ds ijkorZu ds fu;e ukeafdr fp= dh lgk;rk ls o.kZu djsaA
dk;Zi=d& 43: izdk”k
jks”kuh ds izfrfcac ds fu;eksa dk mYys[k muds fp= vkSj uke ds lkFk djks :
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
fiu gksy dSejk ls cuus okyh rLohj myVh gksrh gS] D;ksa
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________

83
lg;ksxkRed vf/kxe pj.k ewY;kadu
1 fuEufyf[kr ds uke crkvks :
inkFkksZa ds rhu voLFkk;sa _______________________________________________________________________
meax ds rhu ,saMªksfl __________________________________________________________________________
ikS/kksa dks ekius dh rhu Js.kh ___________________________________________________________________
ÅtkZ ds rhu lzksr ___________________________________________________________________________
Ekkiu dh rhu bdkbZ __________________________________________________________________________
2 buds chp nks varj crk, :
ny vkSj okà;ny :
1 dSfyDl vkSj dksjksyk
2 js[kh; xfr ,ao rjaxh;xfr
3 laoguh; vkSj xSj laoguh; ÅtkZ lzksr_____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
3 dkj.k crkvks
,- lqbZ vkSj fiu dh uksd rst vkSj uqdhyh cukbZ tkrh gSa _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ckh- frryh dh pky dks csrjrhc xfr dgrs gsaA _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

84
Lkh- dqN Qwyksa dh ia[kqM+h cgqr pednkj gksrh gSA
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Mh- Nhadrs le; gesa vius eq[k dks <kaduk pkfg,A
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
b- ge dkxt dh eqM+h uyh ls ugha ns[k ldrsA
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4- fuEufyf[kr dk uke vkSj fp= cukb,A
,- foVkfeu ds nks lzksr ______________________________________________________________
ch- nks izdkj ds rus _________________________________________________________________
lh- nks Hkkstu tks vkids nkar vkSj gM~fM;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus esa enn djrs gSaA _______________________________
___________________________________________
5- ml ,sls iz;ksx ds ckjs esa fyf[k, ftlls ;g irk pys dh nzO; txg ?ksjrk gS
“kh’kZd
mn~ns”;
Lkkexzh
fof/k
fp=dkjh

ijh{k.k
fu’d’kZ
6 fuEufyf[kr iz”uksa ds ,d ;k nks okD;ksa esa mÙkj nsa:
cy ls vki D;k le>rs gSa _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
xans ikuh ls QSyus okyh nks chekfj;ksa ds uke crkvksfoVkfeu Mh dh deh ls gksus okyh chekfj;ksa ds uke crkvks
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
fofHkUu izdkj dh xfr;ksa ds ckjs esa crkb;s __________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
dke fd;s tkus dk mnkgj.k nsaA ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
XkqM+gy dks >kM+h D;ksa dgk tkrk gSaA_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

86
This Teaching-Learning material is part of Kusuma Foundation’s Secondary School Readiness
Programme (SSRP) and its scale up supported by Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
(UPMSA) through its Udbhav Programme and state wide remedial programme. This material has
been developed by Kusuma Foundation with support from subject experts and consultants and is
intended for use by students, teachers and teacher educators of secondary schools in Uttar Pradesh.
The material also draws upon existing curricula, education materials and manuals, the experience
and views of teachers and also includes original material. The material has been finalised after review
and endorsement by the State Resource Group (SRG) set up by UPMSA.
The material and its contents may not be sold or used for any commercial purpose. The manual and
its contents may be reproduced and used for educational purposes. Permission for reproduction and
use may be obtained from Kusuma at udbhav@kusumatrust.org or info@kusumafoundation.co.in
Funded by the Kusuma Trust UK (www.kusumatrust.org)
© 2017 Kusuma Trust UK
Kusuma believes that every child and young person has the potential to transform
and improve their life. Our mission is to facilitate and increase access to education
and other life opportunities for children and young people. Kusuma enables children
and young people to realise their potential. Our focus is to improve education
outcomes, and understand and address major barriers in education.
Kusuma Foundation (www.kusumafoundation.in) :
State office, Hardoi
Ist Floor, Surendra Pal Pathak Complex, Civil line, Hardoi,
Uttar Pradesh-241001, Contact Number: +91-05852-235010
Registered Office, New Delhi
A-21, Third Floor Green Park main, Aurbindo Marg,
New Delhi - 110016, Contact Number: +91-11-41500321|22|24

Student handbook science 7 july 2017

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