The first edition of Innovate for sustainability launched. This issue discusses the latest smart technologies which are used in recent years for automation of common tasks of an agricultural system. This issue also highlights the traditional methodologies of making your house cool. It introduces two new indicator which monitors your energy consumption and climate of your area.

1. Smart Farms
FIVE FACTORS WHICH MAKE A FARM SMART
INNOVATE FOR SUSTAINABILITY
VOL I ISSUE 1

2. Content
Smart farms : five factors which make a farm smart
Innovative ways to use IOT in agriculture
Climate Change Indicator : A simple app to identify change in climate of your
area
Energy Consumption Indicator : A simple app to identify severity of
consumption of energy by you
How to reduce your room temperature without any ac or other cooling
machines ?
How do ancient human “cool their house” ?
How to sponsor a tree and save some amount of carbon to prevent global
warming ?

3. SMART FARMS : FIVE FACTORS
WHICH MAKE A FARM SMART
In recent years every other novel innovation is
invented to make a system SMART.
In agriculture also all the recent innovation is related
to IoT which is the technique with which we are
converting a conventional farm into a "Smart Farm".
In case of smart firms there are five essential factors
which is important for making a farm "SMART".
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4. FARM
MANAGEMENT
Farm management is the collective term for
numerous management strategies and
methods that are applied to maintain a farm
thriving and rewarding.
Even among farms, the procedures will vary
relying on the form of farming business
included and the size of the operation as a
whole.
For more details click on to
https://www.farmmanagement.pro/what-is-
farm-management/

5. TASKS MANAGEMENT
AND PLANNING:
There are a pair of elements in the handling of irrigation projects.
One is the combined management function, which has much in common in
any administration of any other kind of organization.
It is apprehensive with the direction and coordination of the decision-
making processes within the project area, and its purpose is to get all those
involved in the process (farmers, staff, external government agencies) to
work towards the accomplishment of the project's objectives.
The remaining element is the management of specialized activities like
water distribution, maintenance, irrigation assistance services etc. which
are particular to irrigation projects.
These techniques have specific characteristics which require particular
kinds of management skills and deign of operation.
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6. Contd.
Both supply and demand data can be compiled to estimate the
probabilities of reconciliation in the objectives and choices of different
interest groups - farmers, irrigation officials, agricultural officials,
higher-level government agencies - to reach agreement on the
forthcoming seasonal plan.
The required adjustment in the interest of equitable water distribution,
motivating staff (through rewards and sanctions) to resist pressures
from farmers to mis-allocate water; also rewarding farmers for good
watercourse operation and maintenance and punishing them for
misappropriations.
The development of easy information and control systems with
clearly-defined criteria of performance and suitable objective
indicators can be monitored and accordingly the process can be
adjusted through :
◦ i)Planning
◦ ii)Execution
◦ iii)Monitoring

7. HYDRO-CLIMATIC
FACTORS:
The availability and convenience in acquiring the required water
resources mainly depends on climate and environment of the
area. The unevenness in rainfall and temperature has obvious
impact on stream flow level and time of hydrologic events. As
for example the factors of environment and hydrology can be
enlisted as below :
◦ i)Rainfall
◦ ii)Runoff,

8. Contd.
The approximation must include annual or
longer-term variations, minimum yield and
reliability.
The rate and quantity of runoff are generally
required for the design of drains, canals and other
channels, prediction of water levels in streams
and rivers and when storage is involved for
irrigation, power generation, river transport etc.

9. Contd.
Quality of runoff is increasingly a matter of concern due to
chemical pollution from health and environmental aspects;
sedimentation, because of interference with drainage, land use,
irrigation and power generation and degraded quality of runoff
will degrade the quality of yield.
A high pH runoff can make a field alkaline and the low pH will
made it acidic. Both of which is unsuitable for a healthy yield of
healthy and common crops.
That is why this factor need to predict, simulated and optimized
to develop a smart farm management plan.
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10. EROSION OR SOIL
LOSS
Estimating soil loss is especially complicated because there
are multiple variables on which soil erosion changes.
As a result, models, whether empirical or process-based, are
necessarily complex if they are to include the effects of all
variables.
The Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) will shortly be
replaced by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE), which is comparable with the previous equation of
soil loss estimation but with more advanced inputs and
designed for operation on personal computers.

11. Contd.
In recent years, there has been a expansion of
mathematical simulation models, based on the various
physical processes involved in soil detachment,
transportation and deposition.
Most have unrealistic titles constructed to provide an
unpronounceable acronym.
The complexity of the erosion process, and the need for
huge data banks to compile the many algorithms which
are included in the models, mean that most of this type
of model requires a powerful mainframe computer.
Amount of soil loss is another important factor which
need to be recorded, estimated and optimized to create
a smart farm management plan as more loss in soil will
make the field less cultivable.

12. SEDIMENT
TRANSPORT
Sediment movement in streams and rivers takes two forms.
Suspended sediment is the finer particles which are held in suspension by the
eddy currents in the flowing stream, and which settle out only when the stream
velocity decreases, such as when the stream gradient flattens, or the stream
discharges into a pond or lake.
Larger particles are rolled along the stream-bed and form the bed-load.
When a farm takes the water from a stream or river for irrigation the quality of
yield among many other factors also depend on the presence of suspended
solids in irrigation water.
Larger the concentration less preferred is the water for application as the
suspended materials can choke the soli pores and reduce the aeration in the soil
layers which is required for a healthy cultivation.
That is why, one of the major drivers of smart farm is to monitor and predict the
sediment transport of the stream or river which is treated as the source of
irrigation.
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13. Concluding Remarks
To make a farm smart one has to control, predict
and monitor the variations in these five factors
which are the five pillars of intelligent farms.
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14. INNOVATIVE WAYS TO
USE IOT IN AGRICULTURE
Smart agriculture sensors, Drones, Livestock tracking, Remotely
controlled Greenhouses and predictive framework for estimating
production rate or farm management software(FMS) are the five major
ways by which IoT is applied in agriculture and feedstock management
to achieve the objective of maximum yield under minimum cost.
This article will highlight five farm management software utilized by
many farmers for smart monitoring and decision making regarding the
crop to be cultivated, location for cultivation, approximate profitability
and many other aspects of "smart farming".
Below is the list of well-known FMS which is capable to execute all the
events required to make a farm "Smart" like : tasks management and
planning, hydro-climatic and environment factors measurements and
prediction, information delivery, Crop/Livestock, Inventory and account
management, procurement processing, supplier management, location
selection ability, monitors yield and profit from the yield, risk
management and platform flexibility. In addition to these features the
user will also consider the procuring cost, ease of use, customer
support and number of features available before he start to use the
software.:

15. AGRIVI
Agrivi farm management software helps you strategy, monitor and analyse all lifestyle on your
farm easily. Tillage, planting, crop protection etc. and all other activities are maintained with a
few clicks.
More Info : https://www.agrivi.com/en/success-stories
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16. CONSERVIS
Conservis is a comprehensive, easy-to-use farm management software suite for managing both
row and permanent crops by tracking field activities, controlling inventories, understanding costs
and analysing yields.
More Info : https://conservis.ag/
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17. FARMBRITE
Farmbrite is an easy to use, all-in-one online natural and conventional Farm & Livestock
Management Software. Farm Scheduling, Employee Task Management, Equipment Records,
Asset Tracking & Logging, Co-op management, Sell your products online are some of the
features of this software.
More Info : https://www.farmbrite.com/
Self-paced Certificate Courses

18. GRANULAR
"Historical field performance guidance", "Crop health data from Pioneer’s global field testing"
and "Estimates for land value and expected yields" are the three main features of Granular
which is more suitable for commercial farmers.
More info : https://granular.ag/advantages/
Self-paced Certificate Courses

19. FARMERP
Farm Management Software is implementable for multiple types of users, location and cropping
pattern or crops. It has separate modules for "Purchase, Inventory, Production, Post production,
Contract farming, Biotech, HR, Accounts, Maps, Quality Control, and Farm analytics".
More info : https://www.farmerp.com/
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20. CLIMATE CHANGE INDICATOR
ASIMPLEAPPTOIDENTIFYCHANGE INCLIMATE OFYOURAREA
HOW MUCH THE CLIMATE HAS CHANGED IN YOUR LOCATION ?
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21. ENERGY CONSUMPTION INDICATOR
ASIMPLEAPPTO IDENTIFYSEVERITY OFCONSUMPTION OFENERGY BYYOU
HOW SEVERE IS YOUR ENERGY CONSUMPTION ?
ECI < 25 : MOST SEVERE
25< ECI < 50 : SEVERE
50 < ECI < 75 : LEAST SEVERE
75 < ECI : NORMAL
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22. HOW TO REDUCE YOUR ROOM TEMPERATURE
WITHOUT ANY AC OR OTHER COOLING
MACHINES ?
You can reduce the temperature of your room if you have the following :
1.An Aquarium full of fish and live plants
2.Silica Gel
3.Dwarf Bamboo Tree
When you put the above three items in your room just under the
window, room temperature will be reduced drastically.

23. HARMFUL EFFECT OF AC
Freon is a fluorocarbon gas which is non-flammable but releases
CFC(reacts with Carbon die Oxide of air) in air which is extremely
degradable for our environment.
Increase the electricity bill drastically.
Creates Noise Pollution.
Constant exposure to this artificial cooling can disturb heat balance of
our body and often causes cold and coughs.

24. What is the plan ?
Keeping in view with the harmful effects of an AC the following governing law of nature was utilized to
reduce the inner temperature of a room below the outside temperature:
Heat will always flow from higher to lower temperate region. In summer, outside temperature is more than
room temperature.
So, heat enter our room and increase the temperature so that an equilibrium can be achieved. But in turn
this incoming heat raise the temperature of the room.
During summer air is full of moisture.
When the relative humidity is very high we face a sultry condition.
So to reduce the incoming heat we will need something more cooler than our room. And to reduce the
moisture we need something that can absorb it.

25. Logic
Aquariums are much cooler than our room. The fish in the aquarium cools it further as they are cold
blooded. Thus making the adjacent places cooler.
You can feel this phenomena by visiting any gift shop.
You will feel that places where the fish tanks are kept are more cooler than the places far away from them,
in the same gift store.
Generally our rooms are not as big as the gift store.
So a simple rectangular glass tank with some live plants are enough to reduce the room temperature.

26. Contd.
If your room is big you need a big aquarium and if small ,general aquariums will serve the purpose.
Silica Gel will absorb the moisture in your room.
Place 250 grams of silica gel just beside the aquarium.
More oxygenated air in your room will increase the CI (Comfortability Index) of your room.
More Carbon di Oxide will do the opposite.
Any plant will consume Carbon di Oxide to make food and release Oxygen as the by-products.
So a plant in your room will always increase oxygen and reduce Carbon di Oxide and thus increasing the
CI.(But the problem is at night-time plant will absorb Oxygen and release Carbon di Oxide )

27. Contd.
Dwarf Bamboo trees can provide release large amount of oxygen in
the room.
So keep 2 dwarf bamboo tree just beside the aquarium.
So,
Moisture : Absorbed by Silica Gel
Heat : Reduced by Aquarium
CI : Increased by the Dwarf Bamboo Tree.

28. Contd.
Even after you place all these, your room
will not be as cool as an A.C room.
But you will not face the ill effects of the
scorching heat and humid conditions that
are common in Summer .
As moisture is absorbed and the thermo-
stat like cooling is done by aquariums ,you
can keep A.C out of your house.

29. How do
ancient
human “cool
their house” ?
Sprout waters on the roof and when the water evaporates it cools
the rooms below. It is followed even today in the villages of
Rajasthan,Jaipur.
Kings of Jaipur uses jewels and mirrors in the walls and ceiling of
their palace to regulate temperature. 'Mirrored and bejewelled
ceilings and walls retain warmth or render a room cool as the
season demands.'(from Travel Photo Essay: Dreaming of
Rajasthan, India by Sujatha Bagal)
An earlier form of air cooling, the wind-catcher (Bâd gir), was
invented in Persia (Iran) thousands of years ago in the form of wind
shafts on the roof, which caught the wind and passed it through
water and blew the cooled air into the building.

30. Contd.
The ancient Egyptians were known to circulate aqueduct water
through the walls of certain houses to cool them.
As this sort of water usage was expensive, generally only the wealthy
could afford such a luxury.
Medieval Persia had buildings that used cisterns and wind towers to
cool buildings during the hot season: cisterns (large open pools in a
central courtyards, not underground tanks) collected rain water; wind
towers had windows that could catch wind and internal vanes to direct
the airflow down into the building, usually over the cistern and out
through a downwind cooling tower.
Cistern water evaporated, cooling the air in the building.

31. How to sponsor a tree and save some
amount of carbon to prevent global
warming ?
Let's first take a test. Can you answer the following questions :
1.Carbon dioxide gas can increase the atmospheric temperature because :
1.It traps heat energy
2.It traps air
3.It traps the outgoing energy and also reflect some of it back to earth
2.Plant absorbs Carbon dioxide in day and emits the same in night :
1.True
2.False
3.The absorption of Carbon dioxide gas by plant can reduce the amount of
the gas from the atmosphere :
1.True
2.False

32. 4.If Carbon dioxide is completely removed from the atmosphere then
earth will freeze :
1.True
2.False
5.Industries are the highest emitter of Carbon dioxide in atmosphere.
1.True
2.False
6.If industry is more and area of plants are less then Carbon dioxide
will rise :
1.True
2.False

33. 7.A big tree is equivalent to its sapling if CO2 absorption
capacity is compared :
1.Yes
2.No
8.Carbon credit is giga ton of carbon saved by some entity
and which can be sold to some who is emitting that
amount of Carbon.
1.Yes
2.No
9.Carbon dioxide is the only green house gas in the world.
1.True
2.False

34. 10.If a tree is sponsored by someone from sapling to its
adulthood how much Carbon is he helping to save ?
1.About 30 Giga ton per day
2.About 18 Giga ton per day
3.5 Giga ton per day
If you know the answer or if you can retrieve the correct answer
from internet then move to the next page to know how you can
help in this aspect and make Earth greener and healthier for the
future generations.
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35. Conclusion
W h e n s o m e o n e s p o n s o r s a t r e e h e i s p r e v e n t i n g e a r t h t o
b e c o m e w a r m . C o s t o f s p o n s o r i n g a t r e e i s v e r y c h e a p .
A n y o n e c a n s p o n s o r a t r e e f o r o n l y $ 1 0 p e r y e a r. I t i s
e v e n l e s s t h a n t h e a n n u a l c o s t o f h o s t i n g a w e b s i t e .
T h e p r o c e d u r e i s s i m p l e . S e l e c t a t r e e s p e c i e s
p r e f e r a b l y Te c t o n a G r a n d i s o r E u c a l y p t u s S p . ( t h e i r
c a p a c i t y t o a b s o r b c a r b o n i s h i g h e r t h a n t h e o t h e r
s p e c i e s ) . C h o o s e a N G O a n d a s k t h e m t o p l a n t f e w t r e e s
i n y o u r n a m e .
T h e y w i l l p l a n t t h e t r e e s a n d e n g r a v e y o u r n a m e i n f r o n t
o f i t . s o y o u w i l l g e t y o u r p r o m o t i o n a s w e l l a s s a v e o u r
n a t u r e f r o m t h e w r a t h o f g l o b a l w a r m i n g . F o r m o r e i n f o
y o u m a y c o m m e n t o n m y p o s t a n d I c a n g i v e y o u s o m e
c o n t a c t s .
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36. Thank you and see you in the next
edition
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