5. Recycling C&D Waste
Benefits:
Reducing shortage in raw materials
Minimizing energy and cost of production
Decreasing landfilling
(Tam and Tam, 2006)
Industrial & Management Systems 5
Engineering Department
6. Contamination Collection &
Contamination Collection & Transportation
Transportation
Issues Affecting
Recycling C&D Waste
Sorting, Transformation,
Sorting, Transformation, and Standards
Standards
and Disposing
Disposing
(Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)
Industrial & Management Systems 6
Engineering Department
7. Recycled products should compete with original
materials according to:
Technical specifications
Price
(Tam and Tam, 2006)
Industrial & Management Systems 7
Engineering Department
8. Potential Usage of Recycled C&D
Waste
Recycled C&D
aggregates can
be used for:
Low-value High value
purposes purposes
Road sub-base Engineering Structural
construction landfill concrete
Huang et al, 2006)
Industrial & Management Systems 8
Engineering Department
9. Potential Usage of Recycled C&D
Waste (Cont.)
Recycled C&D aggregates can:
Replace primary limestone aggregates
Produce precast concrete building blocks
(Soutsos et al, 2011)
Industrial & Management Systems 9
Engineering Department
10. Replacement Percentages of Recycled
C&D waste
Maximum Maximum
Replacement Replacement
for recycled for recycled
concrete masonry
aggregate aggregate
60% 20%
coarse coarse
fraction fraction
20% fine 20% fine
fraction fraction
(Soutsos et al, 2011)
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Engineering Department
11. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications
Recycled asphalt:
Produce new asphalt
Used instead of sand or cement sub-bases
Industrial & Management Systems (Tam and Tam, 2006)
11
Engineering Department
12. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications
Ferrous metal
Reused directly
Melted, and reused to produce new steel
Industrial & Management Systems 12
Engineering Department
13. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications
Recycled concrete rubble:
Landfilling material
Replace natural aggregate in new concrete
Industrial & Management Systems 13
Engineering Department
14. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications
Recycled glass:
Replace asphalt in roads
GlassTile
Fiber
Paving Blocks
Filling Material
Industrial & Management Systems 14
Engineering Department
15. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Recycled masonry aggregate:
Thermal insulating concrete
Aggregate in traditional clay or sodium silicate
bricks
Industrial & Management Systems 15
(Townsend et al, 2004)
Engineering Department
16. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Non-ferrous metals:
Reused directly, or melted and then used
Produce galvanized steel strip and brass
Industrial & Management Systems 16
Engineering Department
17. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Recycled plastics: 70 %
Recycled
Produced with sufficient resistance 30 %
Used in street furniture, roof and floor, piling,
Virgin
panel, cladding and insulation foam
Industrial & Management Systems 17
Engineering Department
18. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Recycled timber:
Reused in furniture and insulation boards
Used to produce lightweight concrete
Used as fuel to generate power
Industrial & Management Systems 18
Engineering Department
19. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Recycled paper and cardboard
Easily purified and reused
Industrial & Management Systems 19
Engineering Department
20. Other Recycled C&D Waste
Applications (Cont.)
Screened soil (fines):
Reused as filling material
Construction fill (i.e. embankments)
Industrial & Management Systems 20
Engineering Department
21. Recycling Process of C&D Waste
Waste Recycling Methods:
Chemical
Chemical Closed Cycle
Closed Cycle Mechanical
Mineralogical
Mineralogical Construction Sorting
Appraisal
Appraisal
(Mulder et al, 2007)
(Huang et al, 2002)
(Bianchini et al, 2005)
(Townsend et al, 2004)
Industrial & Management Systems 21
Engineering Department
22. Mechanical Sorting Process
Bar Trommel Magnetic Air Disk
Screening Screening Separation Classification Screening
Final Manual Sorting
Industrial & Management Systems 22
Engineering Department
23. Closed Cycle Construction Technology
1 • Closing material cycles for
Closing material cycles for
Mainly based on Closing the material cycles
concrete and masonry
concrete and masonry
2 Higher profits
• Higher profits
• Utilizing fraction of demolition
3 Utilizing fraction of demolition
waste as a fuel
as a fuel
4
Industrial & Management Systems
• Reduction in transportation
• Reduction in transportation costs
costs (Mulder et al, 2007)
23
Engineering Department
24. Closed Cycle Construction
(CCC)Concept
Separation
Mineral Power
Materials generation
Processing
Construction
Products
Manufacturing
(Mulder et al, 2007)
Industrial & Management Systems 24
Engineering Department
25. Chemical-Mineralogical Appraisal
Recognizes particular grain-size fraction
X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) investigates chemical compositions in
terms of major elements.
X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) recognizes the constituent
mineralogical phases.
(Bianchini et al, 2005)
Industrial & Management Systems 25
Engineering Department
26. C&D Waste in Kuwait
C&D Waste
C&D Waste Other S Waste
olid
Other Municipal Household Waste
Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)
Industrial & Management Systems 26
Engineering Department
27. Composition of C&D waste in Kuwait
Concrete Bricks Wood Steel
Sand
30%
30%
(Nabil Kartam et al, 2004)
8%
25%
2%5%
Industrial & Management Systems 27
Engineering Department
28. Demolition Waste Rates in Kuwait
Residential (ton/m2) Industry (tons/m2)
1.45 1.75
Average = 1.5 ton/m2
Industrial & Management Systems 28
Engineering Department
29. Construction Waste in Kuwait
Total C&D Waste is 1.6 Million Tons/Year
Waste Tons/ Year 600,000
450,000
300,000
150,000
0
Demolition
Construction & R ir
epa
Cons truction of New Buildings
Concrete Ma cturing
nufa
Industrial & Management Systems 29
Engineering Department
30. C&D Waste Recycling in Kuwait
Benefits:
Decreases the high cost of treating landfill sites
Preserving desert natural environment
Industrial & Management Systems 30
Engineering Department
31. Recycling C&D Waste in Kuwait
C&D waste Tons/Day
15,000
11,250
7,500
3,750
0
Facility's Capacity
C&D Amounts received
Industrial & Management Systems 31
Engineering Department
32. Types of C&D Waste
A • Large & pure C&D waste bars
B • Smaller C&D waste
C
• Mixture of 10% pure C&D
• Mixture of 10% pure C&D waste,
20% of 20% of Type 70% of 70% of
waste, Type B, and B, and wastes
wastes
Industrial & Management Systems 32
Engineering Department
33. C&D Waste Recycling Process
Trucks Arrival
Classification
&
Segregation
Cleaning
Crushing
Separation
Decide on
size
Industrial & Management Systems 33
Engineering Department
36. Why Simulation?!
Mimicking current processes
Better Understanding
Monitoring the current system and investigating
bottlenecks
Industrial & Management Systems 36
Engineering Department
37. Simulating Current (As-Is) C&D Waste
Recycling Process
Process Activity
C&D waste materials enter the factory
Classifying and segregating materials using excavators
Cleaning
Crushing using jaw crushers
Crushing using crusher machine
Separating the iron by a magnate
Decide on the size of the gravel
Storing
Industrial & Management Systems
37
Engineering Department
40. Statistical Model Validation
Provides evidence on whether or not the
model is a legitimate representation of reality
(Law and Kelton 2000)
95% Confidence Level
Industrial & Management Systems 40
Engineering Department
41. Statistical Validation Assumptions
Independency (Randomness)
Normality
Hypothesis testing and Confidence Intervals
can be then applied
http://www.andymeneely.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/gaussian6.gif
41
Industrial & Management Systems
Engineering Department
42. Test the Equality of Populations’
Means
Results:
-97.8194 ≤ µ1-µ2 ≤ 275.8194
statistically equal at a 95% level of
confidence
The simulation model is a legitimate
representation of As-Is system
Industrial & Management Systems 42
Engineering Department
43. Optimizing Resources
(Manpower & Machinery)
Objective:
Maximizing resources utilization and plant
profitability
Using OptQuest Arena
Z= Max ( ))
Industrial & Management Systems 43
Engineering Department
44. List of best feasible solutions
suggested by OptQuest
Dumper Excavator Jaw Crusher Loader Crushing Worker
Machine
2 2 1 2 1 10
Industrial & Management Systems 44
Engineering Department
45. Applying Other C&D Recycling
Processes in Kuwait
How could it be applied in AIIP
Process Benefit
plant
Apply Lab analyses
Closing Investigate to reuse in civil
(i.e. sieve analysis, LA abrasion
Ensure the ability
Mechanical Sorting Applytest, organic
test, friability
XRF engineering projects
materials’ cycles chemical
analysis
content test, and fitness test)
(i.e. thermal
Apply Lab analyses
Improve
composition
Closed Cycle (i.e. sieve analysis,
Chemical- treatment, recycled
Closing materials’ cycles Ensure the ability
Constructio(i.e. thermal treatment, physicalto products recycled products
Mineralogical
Mechanical physical
LA abrasion test, Improve
reuse in civil
quality
CCC friability test,
separation,
separation, apply density quality
n
Sorting
Appraisal separation techniques)
organic content
apply density
engineering
Save energy
Recognize the
Save energy
projects
test, and fitness
separation
Apply XRD constituent
test)
techniques)
analysis
Apply XRF analysis
mineralogical composition
Investigate chemical
Chemical-Mineralogical
phase
Appraisal Apply XRD analysis
Recognize the constituent
mineralogical phase
Industrial & Management Systems 45
Engineering Department
46. Limitations & Considerations
Regulations and rules of
Kuwait Municipality to allow
the usage of recycled products
Market Demand
Illegal demolition procedures
Recycled product prices
(Nabil Kartam et al. 2004)
Industrial & Management Systems 46
Engineering Department
47. Acknowledgement
Dr. Khalid Mahdi, Chairman- Environment Preservation
Industrial Co. (EPIC)
Eng. Raddad
Eng. Ahmed Shather Al-Enezi
Eng. Saud Nasser Al-Saleh
Eng. Abdulaziz Bader Al-Annaz
Eng. Hamad Sulaiman Al-Essa
Industrial & Management Systems 47
Engineering Department
48. Thanks for Listening
Any Questions ?
Industrial & Management Systems 48
Engineering Department
Notes de l'éditeur
More than half the municipal household waste streamMore than a quarter of total solid waste(