RDF Tutorial - SPARQL 20091031

SPARQL
NHN
kwangsub.kim@gmail.com

RDF Tutorial 2009. 10. 31

RDF !
SPARQL !
PLAY !
SPARQL 1.1 !

http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/bundle:RDFTutorial2009

http://vocamp.org/wiki/VoCampSeoul2009#Slides
http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/%23VoCampSeoul2009

RDF
Resource Description Framework
( ) !

!
Subject - Predicate - Object

!

, (RSS)
, (FOAF)
...

Graph ?

SPARQL

<sparql ...>
<head>
<variable name="x"/>
<variable name="mbox"/>
</head>
<results>
<result>
<binding name="x">

<bnode>r2</bnode>
</binding>
<binding name="mbox">

<uri>mailto:bob@work.example.org</uri>
</binding>
</result>
</results>
</sparql>

2008-07-16

...
*http://pingthesemanticweb.com

2008-11-04

...

2009-01-08

...

2008-07-16 2009-10-31
2008-11-04
2009-01-08

200%
200%

4,955,878 16,705,060
7,504,227
8,826,082


SPARQL
Simple Protocol And RDF Query Language
is a query language and a protocol for accessing RDF
<sparql ...>
Simple Protocol <head>
</head>
http://semantic.lab.naver.com/rdf/endpoint/sparql?select.... <results>
<result>
<binding name="x">
SELECT ?email

<bnode>r2</bnode>
WHERE { </binding>
?user :email ?email.

<uri>mailto:bob@work.exampl
?user :name “ ”; </binding>
& }
</result>
</results>
</sparql>

RDF Query Language
Graph SPO (Subject, Predicate, Object)
Query Language
Pattern Match

SQL vs. SPARQL
Return Variables

SELECT name SELECT ?name
FROM users WHERE {
WHERE contact=‘011-201-0000’; ?user rdf:type :User.
?user :name ?name.
?user :contact “011-201-0000”.
SPO Pattern
}
FROM <http://semantic/users.rdf>
Graph Source

Graph > Query Language > Binding > Protocol

rdf:type SELECT ?name
_person foaf:Person
WHERE {
:contact
?user rdf:type foaf:Person.
“011-201-0000”
:name ?user :contact “011-201-0000”.
?user :name ?name.
}
<http://semantic/users.rdf> FROM <http://semantic/users.rdf>

<sparql xmlns=”http://www.w3.org...”>
<head>
<variable name="name"/>
</head>
?name = “ ” <results>
<result>
<binding name="name">

<literal> </literal>
</binding>
</result>
</results>
</sparql>

SPARQL

BASE <http://example.org/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX ex: <properties/1.0#>
SELECT DISTINCT $person ?name $age
FROM <http://rdf.example.org/personA.rdf>
FROM <http://rdf.example.org/personB.rdf>
WHERE
{
$person a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name ?name.
OPTIONAL { $person ex:age $age } .
FILTER (!REGEX(?name, “Bob”))
}
ORDER BY ASC(?name) LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20

* SPARQL RDF Query Language Reference v1.8 by Dave Beckett.

Terms

Sytax

Pattern

Terms
IRI : URI reference within an RDF graph
<http://www.w3.org>
<http://semantic.naver.com/#Movie>
<abc.rdf> //base URI
foaf:name //preﬁx URI , PREFIX
#x00 (X) //UNICODE

Datatype IRI : datatype URI
<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string>
<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer>

Plain Literal : lexical form, optionally language tag, @ko
“Semantic web” , “ ”@ko
Typed Literal : lexical form, datatype URI
“30”^^xsd:integer
“kwangsub”^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string

Blank node : dummy node, node ,
_:a, _n06968595988

Terms

NameSpace :Vocabulary URI
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

Preﬁx : URI
rdf, dc, foaf

RDF Graph : A Set of RDF Triples

RDF Triple : S-P-O
Subject : IRI or Blank Node
Predicate : IRI
Object : IRI or Blank Node or Literal

Terms

Match
: Graph SPO Query Pattern Match

Solutions : Match
?x = “ ”

Query Variable : Solutions
?x or $name

Play #
“ ” “email” ?

:email
_person kwangsub.kim@gmail.com

:name

SELECT ?email
WHERE {
?person :email ?email.
?person :name “ ”;
}

Syntax - RDF Term Syntax
Literals

“Hi Korea” //”Hi Korea”

“Hi Korea”@en //

“Hi Korea”^^xsd:string // etc. integer, boolean

1 == “1”^^xsd:integer

true == “true”^^xsd:boolean

1.3 == “1.3”^^xsd:decimal

Play #
kwangsub email ?

:email
_person kwangsub.kim@gmail.com

:name

kwangsub@en

SELECT ?email
WHERE {
?person :name “kwangsub”@en.
?person :email ?email.
}

IRI
<http://example.org/book/book1>

BASE <http://example.org/book/>
<book1>

PREFIX book: <http://example.org/book/>
book:book1

Syntax -Triple Pattern Syntax
PREFIX, BASE

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/purl.org/>
SELECT ?title
WHERE { <http://example.org/book/book> dc:title ?title }

PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
PREFIX : <http://example.org/book/>

SELECT $title
WHERE { :book1 dc:title $title }

BASE <http://example.org/book/>
PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>

SELECT $title
WHERE { <book1> dc:title $title }

Play #
kwangsub email ?

:like
_person book:book_3

:name book:name

kwangsub@en

BASE <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>
PREFIX book: <http://example.org/book/>
SELECT ?book_name
WHERE {
?person :like book:book_3.
book:book_3 book:name ?book_name.
}

Query Var
?var or $var

Blank
[ :p “v”]. == [] :p “v”.

Unique Blank - IRI

_b57 :p “v”. //

[ foaf:name ?name ;
foaf:mbox <mailto:ss@c.com>] //

_b11 foaf:name ?name ; S PO .
_b11 foaf:mbox <mailto:ss@c.com>

Play .#
foaf:name kwangsub.kim name?

_a :love _b

:name
foaf:name

kwangsub.kim soomers

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
PREFIX : <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/>.
SELECT $name
WHERE {
?_a foaf:name “kwangsub.kim”.
?_a :love $_b.
$_b <http://RDFTutorial.net/2009/name> $name.
}

Syntax ; ,
;,
?people foaf:name ?name ;
foaf:mbox ?mbox .

~

?people foaf:name ?name .
?people foaf:mbox ?mbox .

?people foaf:nick "Alice" , "Alice_" .

~

?people foaf:nick "Alice" .
?people foaf:nick "Alice_" .

Play #
kwangsub “ ” ?

foaf:knows
_a _b
foaf:nickname
foaf:name
foaf:name

kwangsub SangWon

SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?_a foaf:nickname “ ”;
foaf:name “kwangsub”.
?_a foaf:knows ?_b.
?_b foaf:name ?name.
}

Pattern
Basic Graph Pattern
{?people foaf:name "kwangsub".}

Group Graph Pattern
{
{?people foaf:name "kwangsub".}
{?people foaf:email "kwangsub.kim@gmail.com".}
} //

Filter
{
?people foaf:name ?name.
FILTER regex (?name, “kw”)
}

Pattern
Optional Graph Pattern

_:a rdf:type foaf:Person .
_:a foaf:name "Alice" .
_:a foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@example.com> .
_:a foaf:mbox <mailto:alice@work.example> .

_:b rdf:type foaf:Person .
_:b foaf:name "Bob" .

SELECT ?name ?mbox
WHERE {
OPTIONAL { ?people foaf:mbox ?mbox }
}

Pattern
Optional Graph Pattern + FILTER
SELECT ?people ?mbox
WHERE {
OPTIONAL { ?people foaf:mbox ?mbox .
FILTER regex(?mbox, “@gmail”)}
} //OPTIONAL

Alternative Graph Pattern
SELECT ?people ?mbox
WHERE {
{?people foaf:name ?name .}
UNION
{?people naver:name ?name .}
}//UNON
{?people foaf:name ?name . ?people foaf:knows ?name}
UNION
{? people naver:name ?name. ?people naver:knows ?name}

Constraint
String Value Constraint

SELECT ?people, ?name
WHERE {
?people :name ?name
FILTER regex(?name, “^kwan”, “i”)
} //kwan

Numeric Value Constraint

SELECT ?people, ?age
WHERE {
?people :age ?age.
FILTER (?age > 30)
} //30

Play #
35 35 ?

foaf:knows
_a _b
:age
foaf:name :age foaf:name
36
Dongbum 35 Haklae

SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?_a :age ?age. ?_a :age ?age.
FILTER ( ?age >= 35 ) ?_a foaf:knows ?_b.
?_a foaf:knows ?_b. ?_b :age ?b_age;
?_b :age ?b_age; foaf:name ?name.
foaf:name ?name. FILTER ( ?age >= 35 )
FILTER ( ?b_age <= 35) FILTER ( ?b_age <= 35)
}

Solution Sequences and Modiﬁers

Order
SELECT ?people, ?name
WHERE {
?people :name ?name
}
ORDER BY ?name // A-Z, DESC(?name)

SELECT ?s ?p ?o
WHERE {
?s ?p ?o
} // SPO
ORDER BY ?o // ???

Play #
?

_d
_b
_a _c
:age
:age
:age :age
45
33
21 26

SELECT ?user
WHERE {
?user :age ?age.
}
ORDER BY ?age.

Solution Sequences and Modiﬁers
Offset
SELECT ?s ?p ?o
WHERE {
?s ?p ?o.
}
OFFSET 10 //11 solutions

LIMIT
SELECT ?s ?p ?o SELECT ?s ?p ?o
WHERE { WHERE {
?s ?p ?o. ?s ?p ?o.
} }
LIMIT 10 //10 solutions LIMIT 5
OFFSET 10 //

Play #
, 2 ?

_d
_b
_a _c
:age
:age
:age :age
45
33
21 26

SELECT ?user
WHERE {
?user :age ?age.
}
ORDER BY ?age.
LIMIT 2 .

Query Form

ASK
ASK {
?x foaf:name "Alice";
:age ?age.
FILTER ( ?age > 20)
}

DESCRIBE
PREFIX ent: <http://org.example.com/employees#>
DESCRIBE ?x
WHERE { ?x ent:employeeId "1234" }

Simple Protocol & RDF Endpoint

HTTP
SOAP
...
Endpoint

Simple Protocol
* HTTP Binding
* SOAP Binding
Request
GET /sparql/?query=EncodedQuery HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example
User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1

Response
<sparql ...>
<head>
</head>
<results>
<result>
<binding name="x">

<bnode>r2</bnode>
</binding>

</binding>
</result>
</results>
</sparql>

* http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/

Simple Protocol
* HTTP Binding
Request * SOAP Binding
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/
XMLSchema-instance">
<soapenv:Body>
<query-request xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/09/sparql-protocol-types/#">
<query>SELECT ?z {?x ?y ?z . FILTER regex(?z, 'Harry')}</query>
</query-request>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>
Response
<sparql ...>
<head>
</head>
<results>
<result>
<binding name="x">

<bnode>r2</bnode>
</binding>

</binding>
</result>
</results>
</sparql>
* http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-sparql-protocol/

Here is a
Semantic Web?

SPARQL 1.1

Aggregate Functions
Subqueries
Negation
Projection Expressions
Query Language Syntax
Property paths
Commonly used SPARQL functions
Basic federated query

* WG , .

Aggregate functions

Ex. COUNT, MAX, MIN, SUM, AVG
SELECT COUNT(?person) AS ?alices
WHERE {
?person :name “Alice” .
}

Existing implementation.
Garlik’s JXT, Dave Beckett’s Redland, ARQ, Open Anzo’s Glitter,Virtuoso, ARC

Status. Required

Subqueries

Ex.
SELECT ?person ?name WHERE {
:Alice foaf:name ?person .
{
SELECT ?name WHERE {
?person foaf:name ?name .
} LIMIT 1
}
}

ARQ,Virtuoso

Status. Required

Negation (1/2)

Ex.
ex) Identify the name of people who do not know anyone.
SELECT ?name
WHERE {
?x foaf:givenName ?name .
OPTION { ?x foaf:knows ?who } .
FILTER (!BOUND(?who))
}

RDF::QUERY (unsaid keyword), SeRQL (MINUS keyword), ARQ (NOT EXIST keyword), SQL

Status. Required

Negation (2/2)
SeRQL (MINUS)
SELECT x
FROM {x} foaf:givenName {name}
MINUS
SELECT x
FROM {x} foaf:givenName {name} ;
foaf:knows {who}
USING NAMESPACE foaf = <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

UNSAID
SELECT ?x
WHERE {
?x foaf:givenName ?name
UNSAID { ?x foaf:knows ?who }
}

Project Expressions

Ex.
SELECT ?name (?age > 18) AS over 18
WHERE {
?person :name ?name ;
:age ?age .
}

Garlik’s JXT, Dave Beckett’s Redland, ARQ,Virtuoso, Open Anzo’s Glitter SPARQL
Engine, XSPARQL

Status. Required

Update
Ex.
INSERT DATA
{
:book1 dc:title “new book”;
dc:creator “someone”.
}

DELETE { ?book ?p ?v }
WHERE
{ ?book dc:date ?date .
FILTER ( ?date < “2001-01-01T00:00:00^^xsd:dateTime )
?book ?p ?v.
}

ARQ,Virtuoso
Status. Required
Update with HTTP PUT, DELETE
Garlik’s JXT, IBM’s Jazz Foundation

Garlik’s JXT
Aggregate Functions Dave Beckett’s Redland
Subqueries ARQ
Open Anzo’s Glitter
Negation Virtuoso
Projection Expressions ARC
SeRQL
Service description RDF::Query
Update (REST) SQL
XSPARQL
IBM’s Jazz Foundation
Garlik’s JXT Dave ARQ Open Anzo’s Virtuoso ARC SeRQL RDF::Query SQL XSPARQL IBM’s Jazz
Beckett’s Glitter Foundation
Redland
Aggregation COUNT() O O O O O O

SUM() O O O O

AVG() O O O O

MAX() O O O

MIN() O O O

Subqueries O O

Negation O O O O

Project expressions O O O O O O

Service description O O O

UPDATE O O

Protocol O O
Enhancements for
Update

* WG , .

Links

http://groups.google.com/group/semanticwebstudy?hl=ko
http://delicious.com/kwangsub.kim/bundle:RDFTutorial2009

SPARQL (IBM DevWorks) :
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/kr/library/tutorial/x-sparql/

SPARQL Working Group :
http://www.w3.org/2009/sparql/wiki/Main_Page

: http://lab.naver.com
: http://semantic.lab.naver.com
NHN TF

-

http://groups.google.com/group/semanticwebstudy?hl=ko

RDF Tutorial - SPARQL 20091031

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