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2014年日本音響学会春季研究発表会@日本大学理工学部1号館	
  
第2会場 スペシャルセッション 音支援/音声B [音声、言語などの障害とその支援]	

1-­‐2-­‐13	

破擦音生成時の解放に伴う破裂が
摩擦音・破擦音識別に与える影響
〜若年者と高齢者の比較〜	
  

2014/3/10	

◯安啓一,	
  荒井隆行 (上智大・理工),	
  	
  
小林敬 (オークランド大),	
  	
  
進藤美津子 (上智大・言語聴覚)	
  	
	

1
高齢者における聞き誤り	
• 
• 
• 
• 

聞き誤りはコミュニケーションの障壁	
  
破擦音・摩擦音は聞き誤りが起きやすい	
  
「イシ(石)」?「イチ(一)」?	
  
「シ(市)」?「チ(知)」?	
  	
  

補聴器	

–  音響特性が類似	
  
–  様々な識別の手がかり(キュー)	
  
•  摩擦部の長さ (T) 	
  
•  先行母音と子音間の無音区間(SI)	
  

By	
  resound	

非常放送	

聞き誤りを抑える音声処理への応用	
2014/3/10	

2	
By	
  John	
  Wardell	
  (Ne>nho)
本実験のバースト	
ʃ	

•  破擦音から切出	
  
•  	
  3	
  条件	
•  相対振幅維持(x1)	
  
•  2	
  倍 (x2)	
  
•  バーストなし(non)	
  
2014/3/10	

i	

破裂音のスペクトル
形状	
  
3
摩擦音・破擦音 識別のキュー:	
  
舌と歯茎の解放に伴うバースト	
•  Dorman	
  et	
  al.	
  (1980)	
  	
  
–  “dish”–“ditch”	
  の/i/	
  と摩擦部の無音区間を変化	
  
ditch	

①無音区間の増加により	
  
  破擦音の識別が増加	
  
②バーストを追加すると	
  
  破擦音の識別が増加	
  
  (境界10	
  ms移動)	
  
dish	
2014/3/10	

無音区間の長さ	

解放に伴うバーストが	
  
識別のキューの一つと	
  
4	
なっている
解放(バースト)による知覚の変化は
高齢者・聴覚障害者ではどうなるか?	
•  Dorman	
  et	
  al.	
  (1980)	
  
–  英語音声	
  
–  語中に子音が存在する刺激: “dish”–“ditch”	
  	
  
–  若年健聴者対象	
  

•  本研究:	
  
–  日本語音声	
  
–  語頭(し・ち)および語中(いし・いち)に子音が存在	
  
–  若年健聴者・高齢者(聴覚特性の劣化も測定)	
  
–  各種キューの重み付けがどのように変化するか	
  
重み付けの変化量に違いがあるのかを検討 	
2014/3/10	

5
高齢者の聴覚特性による分類	

時間分解能	

•  若年者Y: 7	
  名	
  
•  高齢者E: 24名	
  
7名	

2名	

6名	

–  聴覚特性の測定	
  
–  4グループ 	
  

9名	

2014/3/10	

最小可聴値	

6
CV・VCV刺激	
•  CV刺激:「し・ち」:/ʃi/を基に連続体を作成
R"

0	
  –	
  90	
  ms	
  	
  	
  (10	
  ms	
  step)"

S"

0	
  –	
  180	
  ms	
  (10	
  ms	
  step)"

F"

22	
  ms	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  "

R	
  

•  VCV刺激:「いし・いち」:/iʃi/を加工	
R+S"

	
  20,	
  120,	
  180	
  ms"

F"

22	
  ms	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  "

SI"

0	
  –	
  100	
  ms	
  (10ms	
  step)	
  "

V1"

229	
  ms"

2014/3/10	

7	
 7	
  
CV刺激(し・ち)の実験結果	
し	
シグモイド関数によるフィッティング	

non	

x1	
x2	

ち	

摩擦長 T	
  (ms)	

•  T	
  が増加:	
  

–  摩擦音識別率が増加	
  

•  バーストが増加:	
  

摩擦長 	

–  破擦音識別率が増加	
  
Dorman	
  et	
  al.	
  1980と同傾向	
  
2014/3/10	

バースト 	

※実験は「し」or「ち」の2者択一でタッチパネルで回答	

8
CV刺激(し・ち)の音素境界線	
  
バースト 対 T	
•  高齢者グループ:	
  

し	

–  Yに比べ音素境界が	
  
寝ている	
  
摩擦長 	

•  聴覚特性の劣化:	
  

ち	

Tの変化	
  >	
  バーストの増加	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  バーストの影響が減少	
  
	
  (Yasu	
  et	
  al.,	
  2013と同傾向)	
  

•  よりTに重みが変化	

バースト 	
2014/3/10	

9
VCV刺激(いし・いち) の音素境界線	
  
バースト 対 SI	
•  SIが増加:	
  

いち	

–  破擦音識別率が増加	
  

•  バーストが増加:	
  
–  破擦音識別率が増加	
  
–  Dorman	
  et	
  al.	
  での	
  
音素境界の移行と同傾向	
  
•  バーストが増加すると	
  
音素境界も移動 	
  	
  

•  高齢者で聴覚特性の劣化:	
  
いし	

2014/3/10	

–  Tの変化	
  >	
  バーストの増加	
  	
  
	
   	
  T	
  	
  >	
  SI	
  
	
   	
  	
  (Yasu	
  2013と同傾向)	
  	
  
10
CV	
  刺激と VCV	
  刺激の比較 	
•  バーストを付加	
  
–  どちらの実験においても破擦音側への移行	
  

•  聴覚特性の劣化	
  
–  バースト付加の影響が弱まり T	
  へ と重みが変化	
  
–  バーストの有無や SI	
  の キューが相対的に識別	
  
されづらくなるため	
  

•  適切なキューの強調により改善の可能性	
  
–  キューの中でロバストなTの強調等	
  
–  補聴器等への搭載を目的とした音声強調処理	
  
2014/3/10	

11
本報告のまとめ	
•  バースト付加で破擦音へ(先行研究を支持)	
  
•  CV刺激(し・ち):	
  
–  聴覚特性が劣化→ バーストの影響が減少	
  
•  より摩擦部の長さTへと重みが変化	
  

•  VCV刺激(いし・いち):	
  
–  聴覚特性が劣化→ バーストの影響減少	
  
–  バーストの増加:	
  
•  健聴者: 	
   	
   	
  SIの影響	
  
•  聴覚特性劣化: 	
  Tの影響	
  

•  補聴器等の音声強調処理への応用にあたり	
  
–  適切なキューの強調(T)	
  
2014/3/10	

12

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破擦音生成時の解放に伴う破裂が摩擦音・破擦音識別に与える影響〜若年者と高齢者の比較〜