REPORTS

1. Speaker: JENNIFER REJUSO-JOVITA
SST – IIII, Caraga Regional Science High School

3. WHY DO WE ASK QUESTIONS?

6. RESEARCH

8. Definition of RESEARCH

9. It is searching for a theory, for
testing theory, or for solving a
problem.

10. It is to search
again, to take
another more
careful look, to
find out more
(Selltiz, et.al.,
1976).

11. It is a systematic quest for
undiscovered truth
(Leedy, 1974).

12. It is a
systematic
attempt to
provide answers
to questions
(Tuckman, 1972).

13. According to John W. Best:
“Research may be defined as the
systematic and objective analysis and
recording of controlled observations
that may lead to the developments of
generalizations, principles, or theories,
resulting in prediction and possibly
ultimate control or events.”

14. Research fills in...

15. Types of
research
Based on
inquiry
Based on
purpose
Based on
method

16. Based on
inquiry
Rationalistic
Naturalistic

17. Begin with an existing theory
Formal instruments are used
Findings are generalized
Problem is converted into dependent and
independent variables after which the
researcher develops strategies and
instruments to control relationships
between and among naturally occurring
variables.
Rationalistic

18. State that we must understand the
framework within which the subjects under
study interpret their environment to be
able to understand human behavior
The individual’s thoughts, values,
perceptions and actions are studied.
Naturalistic

19. Naturalistic
involves observing subjects in
their natural environment.

20. Naturalistic
This type of research is often
utilized in situations where
conducting lab research is
unrealistic, cost prohibitive or
would unduly affect the subject’s
behavior.

21. Naturalistic
Data Collection Methods :
• Tally counts
• Observer narratives
• Audio or video recordings

22. Basic/
fundamental
/ pure
Applied/
action
Develop-
mental

23. Basic/
fundamental
/ pure
* is intended to add to the body of
scientific knowledge by exploring
the unknown to extend the
boundaries of knowledge as well as
to discover new facts, and learn
more accurately the characteristics
of known without any particular
thought as to immediate practical
utility.

24. …seeks to discover basic truths
or principles.
BASIC RESEARCH

25. Also known as action research
Directed towards the practical
application of knowledge
Theory may be supported, modified or revised.
New theory may even be provided.
involves seeking new applications of scientific
knowledge to the solution of a problem such as
the development of new system or procedure,
new device, or new method, in order to solve
the problem.
Applied/
action

26. …produces knowledge of practical
use to man.
APPLIED RESEARCH

27.  This is a decision-oriented
research involving the application
of the steps of the scientific
method in response to an
immediate need to improve
existing practices.
Often used in engineering and
technology areas
Develop-
mental

28. Based
on
method
Evaluation
Formative
summative
Descriptive
Qualitative
Case study
Ethnography
content
Quantitative
Survey
Cross-
sectional
longitudinal
Ex-post facto
Correlational
historical
experimental
Field
experimental
Quasi
experimental

29. Historical Research
Critical investigation of events,
developments and experiences of
the past, the careful weighing of
evidence of the validity of sources
of information on the past and the
interpretation of the weighed
evidence (Kellinger, 1972)
Data are gathered through the
collection of original documents or
interviewing eye witnesses.

30. Descriptive Research
Describes the population’s
characteristics
A study where the major emphasis is
on the discovery of ideas and insights
(Selltiz, et.al., 1979)

31. Correlational Research
Involves the collection of two or
more sets of data from a group of
subjects with the attempt to
determine the subsequent
relationship between those sets of
data (Tuckman, 1972)

32. Ex Post Facto Research
“After the Fact”
A systematic empirical inquiry in
which the researcher does not have
direct control of the independent
variables
 Also known as Causal-Comparative
Research

33. Causal-Comparative vs
Correlational
Causal-comparative studies attempt to
identify cause-effect relationships,
correlational studies do not.
Causal-comparative studies involve
comparison, correlational studies involve
relationship.

34. Evaluation Research
Judges the value, worth or merit of an
existing program
Formative and summative evaluation
are applied in training programs,
textbooks, manuals or curricula.

35. Experimental Research
A study conducted in the
laboratory
Involves two groups:
Experimental group
Control group

36. Values
of
Research

37. For the quality of life to
progress

38. To provide solutions to
problems

39. For scientific and technological
advancement of the new
millennium

40. Characteristics of

41. Research is
Empirical, Logical ,
and Cyclical.

43. Research is
analytical and
critical.
( a systematic and accurate
investigation)

44. Research gathers
new knowledge
and data from
primary and
secondary sources.

45. Primary data are the data collected by the
researcher themselves, i.e.
• interview
• observation
• action research
• case studies
• life histories
• questionnaires
• ethnographic research
• longitudinal studies

46. Secondary sources are data that already exists
Previous research :
• Official statistics
• Mass media products
• Diaries
• Letters
• Government reports
• Web information
• Historical data and information

47. Research is
methodical and
replicable.

48. Research endeavors to
organize data in
quantitative (measurable)
terms if possible and to
express these data in
numerical measures.

49. Researchers
require
courage.

51. Research is
carefully
recorded and
reported.

53. Qualities of a Good Researcher
Research Oriented
Efficient
Scientific
Effective
Active
Resourceful
Creative
Honest
Economical
Religious