Prof.laila kau articular system 2018
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Human Joints of the body
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Prof.laila kau articular system 2018
- 1. Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine , Al-Azhar University & King Abdulaziz University
- 2. ARTICULAR SYSTEM A Joint is the site of meeting of 2 or more bones Classification of Joints Joints are classified into 3 types (depending on the binding tissue between the articular bones : 1. Fibrous: bones are held together by fibrous tissue, as in: •Sutures •Gomphosis •Syndesmosis 2. Cartilaginous: bone are held together by cartilage, they may be : Primary cartilaginous joints (Synchondrosis) Secondary cartilaginous joints (Symphysis) 3. Synovial: freely mobile joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity which contains synovial fluid Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 3. Classification of Joints According to the Tissue That Binds Bones Together Fibrous joints Synovial joints Cartilaginous joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 4. FIBROUS JOINTS •The articular surfaces are held together by fibrous connective tissue •These joints are capable for little or no movements Types of fibrous joints Sutures Syndesmosis Gomphosis e.g. Sutures of the skull e.g. Inferior tibiofibular joint e.g. Between teeth &jaw Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 5. 1. SUTURES • These are found between the skull bones • They do not allow movement • These joints ossify with age Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 6. 2. SYNDESMOSIS •No movement in these joints •These joints do not ossify •Examples : •Interosseous membrane connecting bones of forearm and leg •Distal tibiofibular joint Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Interosseous membrane Interosseous membrane Distal tibiofibular joint
- 7. 3. GOMPHOSIS •Joints that connect teeth to their sockets in the maxilla or mandible •The fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament •They allow little movement during chewing Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 8. Cartilaginous Joints Primary cartilaginous (Synchondrosis) Joint Secondary cartilaginous (Symphysis) joint bones are connected by hyaline cartilage bones are connected by white fibrocartilage no movement limited movement epiphyseal cartilage of growing bone joints in the middle line Intervertebral disc Epiphyseal cartilage Symphysis pubis Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 9. • Bones are held together by hyaline cartilage which ossifies with age • There is no movement • Examples: Epiphyseal plate 1st sternocostal joint 1st sternocostal joint Epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage) 1. Primary cartilaginous (Synchondrosis) joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 10. Secondary cartilaginous(Symphysis) joints • Bones are connected by fibrocartilage which does not ossify • Lies in the median plane of the body • A small amount of movement is possible • Examples: Intervertebral disc Symphysis pubis Manubriosternal junction Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 11. SYNOVIAL JOINTS •They are freely movable •Structure of synovial joint : 1. There is a joint cavity 2. The articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage 3. The bones are held together by a fibrous capsule 4. The capsule maybe thickened in certain parts to form ligaments 5. The capsule is lined by a synovial membrane 6. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid 7. The synovial membrane does not cover the articular cartilage They represent most joints of the body Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 12. Structure of synovial joint: 1-Articular cartilage 2-Fibrous capsule 3-Synovial membrane 4-Joint cavity contains synovial fluid Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 13. Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 14. Classification of synovial joints A- According to their axes of movement : 1-Uniaxial : around a vertical or transverse axis 2-Biaxial : movements around 2 axes 3-Multiaxial : movements in multiple axes B- According to the shape of articular surfaces Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 15. Classification of synovial joints according to their axes of movement Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial Around a vertical axis Around A transverse axis Pivot Joint Hinge Joint Ball and Socket Joint 1-Ellipsoid (Condyloid) joint 2- Saddle Joint Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 16. They allow movement around a single axis They are either Hinge or Pivot varieties Hinge Joints Pivot joints Shape of articular surfaces Concavo-convex A pivot (axis) surrounded by a ring Axis of movement Movement around a transverse axis Movement around a vertical axis Movement Flexion & extension •Rotation •Pronation & supination Examples •Elbow Joint •Interphalangeal Joints •Superior radio-ulnar Joint •Atlanto-axial Joint 1. Uniaxial Joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 17. Hinge Elbow Joint Pivot Atlanto-axial joint Pivot Radio-ulnar jointProf. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 18. Ellipsoid(condyloid) Joints Saddle Joints Shape of articular surfaces Oval convex surface fitting an ellipsoid concavity Both articular surfaces are concavo-convex Movement •Flexion & extension •Adduction & abduction •Flexion & extension •Adduction & abduction •Slight rotation Examples •Wrist J. •Metacarpophalangeal Joints • Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb •They allow movements around two axes •They are either Ellipsoid (condyloid) or Saddle varieties 2. Biaxial Joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 19. Ellipsoid Metacarpophalangeal joints ( Wrist joint ) Ellipsoid ( Condyloid ) Joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 20. Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Saddle joint Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 21. •They allow movements around multiple axes •Represented by the Ball & Socket variety Ball & Socket Joints Shape of articular surfaces Head of one bone fitting a cup-shaped concavity of another bone Movement Circumduction Examples 1. Shoulder joint 2. Hip joint 3. Multiaxial Joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 22. Ball and socket Shoulder Joint Ball and socket Hip Joint Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 23. SUMMARY
- 24. •Flat articular surfaces •Allow sliding or gliding movements •Represented by intercarpal and intertarsal joints Plane intertarsal joints 4. Plane Joints Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen
- 25. SynovialCartilaginous jointFibrous joint The bones are covered by hyaline cartilage & they are not united to each other but separated by a synovial cavity & connected by fibrous capsule. They are freely mobile joints . secondary cartilaginous joints, the bone ends are covered by hyaline cartilage and connected together by a disc of fibrocartilage doesThey not ossify Little movements in these joints. primary cartilaginous joints, the bones are connected together by hyaline cartilage which ossify later No movement in these joints The bones are united together by intervening fibrous tissue These do not permit any movement Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy Summary of joints
- 26. Examples of each type of joints Fibrous 1ry cartilaginous 2ry cartilaginous Synovial Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy
- 27. Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy
- 28. • In hinge joints, all are true , EXCEPT: a) They are synovial joints b) Movement occurs around one axis c) Allows flexion and extension movements d) Allows rotatory movements e) Elbow joint is an example of hinge joint Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy
- 29. Prof. Laila M. Aboul Mahasen Morsy