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Tommy Falgout
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MySQL Scaling Presentation
1.
Strategic MySQL Planning
for Complexity & Growth Or MySQL Scaling for Dummies Thomas Falgout Sr. Developer Yahoo!
2.
3.
Schema Definition
4.
Hardware
5.
Software
6.
MySQL Config
7.
Cache
8.
Monitoring
9.
10.
Developers usually don't
write proper SQL
11.
SQL Statements will
directly affect your performance
12.
13.
1000 very quick
unnecessary queries vs 1 slow query
14.
15.
Your coworkers might
surprise you.
16.
In a good
way.
17.
18.
Quickly show you
how much data your queries are processing
19.
Could spend an
entire session on just this.
20.
But won't.
21.
Read for yourself.
22.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/explain.html
23.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/using-explain.html
24.
http://www.percona.com/files//presentations/EXPLAIN_demystified.pdf
25.
LUUUUUCCCYYYYYYY!!!!!
26.
27.
28.
Faster on MyISAM
(stored in table info)
29.
30.
INSERT INTO a
VALUES (1,23),(2,34),(4,33);
31.
To speed up
INSERT operations that require multiple statements, LOCK your tables
32.
Can you use
LOAD DATA? (Import via CSV)
33.
34.
Not much to
say.
35.
36.
37.
DROP table
38.
RENAME tmp table
to table
39.
40.
Aggregate data hourly/daily/per
update/etc.
41.
42.
Send updates through
daemon to load data
43.
44.
UPDATE counts SET
count = count + 42 WHERE id=1
45.
46.
Does not handle
transactions
47.
Faster to Write,
Slightly faster to Read
48.
Uses separate Data
(.MYD), Index (.MYI) and Frame (.frm)
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Writes Binary logs
to disk
54.
Doesn't store data
55.
Useful for offloading
replication from the master
56.
Blackhole Sun.
Won't you come. Wash away my data.
57.
58.
59.
http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/Falcon
60.
61.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/data-size.html
62.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/storage-requirements.html
63.
64.
SMALLINT – 2
Bytes
65.
MEDIUMINT – 3
Bytes
66.
INT – 4
Bytes
67.
BIGINT – 8
Bytes
68.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/numeric-types.html
69.
70.
VARCHAR(N) = X
+ 1 byte. X = Number of actual characters in string.
71.
N & X
= 1 Byte. Unless using utf8 or a multi-byte format
72.
Same rules apply
for BINARY & VARBINARY.
73.
Extra data is
TRUNCATED!!!!!!
74.
That's bad.
75.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/string-types.html
76.
77.
VARCHAR(255) is 4.x
limitation
78.
When creating a
temp table, it allocates the greatest size of data (255)
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
TIME = 3
bytes
84.
85.
86.
192.168.101.201 = 11000000.10101000.01100101.11001001
87.
INT UNSIGNED =
4 Bytes!
88.
INET_NTOA => NumberTOAddress
89.
INET_ATON => AddressTONumber
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
Stores first as
768 Bytes, and then increments into 16k data pages per row per TEXT/BLOB field
95.
96.
97.
Network latency affects
experience
98.
99.
Send all READS
to Slave
100.
Send all WRITES
to Master
101.
102.
Provides HA w/
no Single Point of Failure
103.
Requires 3 servers
(2 Data, 1 Mgmt Nodes)
104.
Inserts on one
DB are replicated to others
105.
Selects can be
performed on any DB
106.
http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql-cluster-for-two-servers.html
107.
http://www.lod.com/whitepapers/mysql-cluster-howto.html
108.
109.
110.
Failover
111.
Query Analysis
112.
113.
114.
Table Sync (Resolve
Differences)
115.
Visual Explain (Explain!
Visually!)
116.
Heartbeat (Shows Slave
Replication Delay)
117.
118.
119.
Point Slaves to
Master
120.
Put Slaves Behind
Load Balancer
121.
122.
Batch Insert /
Update
123.
Don't Delete
124.
Partition your Data
125.
126.
127.
table_cache
128.
innodb_buffer_pool_size
129.
130.
131.
Size of cache
for MyISAM Indexes
132.
133.
key_reads
134.
key_write_requests
135.
key_writes
136.
key_reads/key_read_requests < 0.01
== GOOD
137.
138.
This dictates the
number of open file descriptors
139.
140.
Size in bytes
of the memory buffer InnoDB uses to cache data and indexes.
141.
Default 8MB
142.
143.
Great for tables
that don't change often
144.
Doesn't return stale
data
145.
Cache is invalidated
if returned entry is modified
146.
Another reason why
SELECT(*) is bad
147.
148.
MyISAM – Leave
more memory for OS page caches
149.
150.
Use long_query_time to
specify x
151.
~1 sec is
good starting point
152.
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/slow-query-log.html
153.
154.
Originally created by
LiveJournal to handle scale
155.
EASY Button
156.
$memcache_obj = memcache_connect("localhost",
11211);
157.
$memcache_obj->add('var_key', 'test variable');
158.
$var = $memcache_obj->get('var_key');
159.
160.
161.
mysqlslap -u root
-concurrency=10000 -iterations=5 -number-of-queries=10000 -query=”SELECT name FROM city WHERE city_id=12”
162.
163.
Like mysqlslap
164.
165.
166.
167.
SHOW GLOBAL STATUS
168.
SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES
169.
170.
MUNIN – Similar
to Cacti, but easier to maintain
171.
Nagios – More
of a notification tool
172.
MySQL Enterprise Dashboard
– Notification & Monitoring
173.
174.
Be descriptive
175.
Avoid reserve words
(date, time, timestamp)
176.
177.
178.
Break your software.
179.
180.
The Most Important
Lesson This part is absolutely important that you get. It's time to wake up.
181.
The Most Important
Lesson When you need to, Ignore everything I've suggested.
182.
Thanks Thanks for
listening.
183.
Links Flickr -
Scaling MySQL http://www.scribd.com/doc/21593/Scaling-PHPMySQL Very Basic PHP & MySQL: http://www.cs.gsu.edu/~stefan/teaching/csc-6370/notes/phpmysql.pdf JPIPES! http://jpipes.com/presentations/joinfu/joinfu_part_one.pdf http://jpipes.com/presentations/joinfu/joinfu_part_two.pdf http://jpipes.com/presentations/dqm/legend_drunken_query_master.pdf EXPLAIN: http://www.percona.com/files//presentations/EXPLAIN_demystified.pdf Query Optimization: http://www.percona.com/files//presentations/Zurich2007-QueryOptimization.pdf Server Settings Tuning: http://www.percona.com/files//presentations/UC2007-MySQL-Server-Settings-Tuning.pdf http://www.flupps.org/mysql/MySQL_Microscope.ppt http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/working-with-null.html http://www.devshed.com/c/a/MySQL/MySQL-Server-Tuning-Tips-and-Tricks/ http://www.planetmysql.org/
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