1. Alkyl Halides
 The General Formula R-X where X is any halogen
Cl, Br or I
 Nomenclature: The organic halides can be named
most readily as substituents. The substituent
names are…fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

3. Examples

4. 1-bromo-2-fluoroethane
4-bromofluorobenzene
a. 4-chloro-1-pentene
b. 5-chloro, 3-methyl, 2-pentene
c. 3-bromocyclooctane

5. Alcohols
 The General Formula R-OH.
 The OH is the functional group called HYDROXYL
 Nomenclature: The alcohols are names replace in
the suffix “ane” by “ol”
 The name also can be writing the word alcohol at
the end and the name of the radical “yl”

6. OH
CH3 ̶ CH ̶ CH3 CH3 ̶ OH CH3 ̶ CH2 ̶ OH
2-propanol Methanol Ethanol
2-propyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol
(isopropyl alcohol)
OH OH
CH3 ̶ CH2 ̶ OH CH3 ̶ CH ̶ CH3 CH3 ̶ C ̶ CH3
Primary Secondary
alcohol alcohol CH3

7. Examples

8. Aromatic Compounds
 Benzene (which is the name that was given to the aromatic
compound C6H6) is probably the most common and
industrially important aromatic compound in wide use today.
It was discovered in 1825 by Michael Faraday, and its
commercial production from coal tar (and, later on, other
natural sources) began in earnest about twenty-five years
later. The structure of benzene emerged during the
1860s, the result of contributions from several chemists, most
famously that of Kekulé

11. Aromatic Compounds
When there is more than one substituent present on a benzene ring
the spatial relationship betwen groups becomes important, which is
why the arene substitution patterns ortho (o), meta (m) and para
(p)

12. o-xylene m-xylene p-xylene

14. Activity #3 Name the following
Compounds Give the two possible names (numbers
and o, m , p)

15. Ethers
 Contain an oxygen between two alkyl
groups.
 They have the General formula R-O-
R', with R's being the alkyl groups. these
compounds are used in
dye, perfumes, oils, waxes and industrial
use.
CH3–CH2–O–CH3
 ethyl methyl ether
 methoxyethane

16.  Identify the longest chain or largest ring
(R1 or R2 as the parent compound.
 Number the parent carbon skeleton to
give the carbon connected to the ether
Oxygen the lower possible number.
 Name the OR substituent group as
"alkoxy" = alkyl -ky + oxy. Thus, methoxy
is CH3O- ; ethoxy is CH3CH2O- ; propoxy
is CH3CH2CH2O- , and so on.

17. Activity #4 Write the IUPAC
name
Dimethyl
ether

18. Aldehydes
Aldehydes
 In compounds which contain the carbonyl group
C=O at the
For naming replace the suffix ane by “al”
Methanal Ethanal Propanal Butanal
(Formaldehyde) (Actealdehyde)

19. Ketones
Ketones methanal
 Compounds which contain the carbonyl group
C=O between two hydrocarbon chains.
 For naming replace the suffix ane by “one”
 Propanone
(Acetone)

22. Amines
 An amine is a derivatives of the molecule
ammonia, NH3, in which one or more of
the hydrogens has been replaced by an
alkyl substitutent (R group). General
Formula R-NH2
 Amines are named by replacing the suffix
-ane with -amine, like in alcohols. If there
are further substituents attached to the
nitrogen atom, they are preceded by N-.
The amine gets the lowest number.

23.  Primary ethyl amine
 Secondary 2-aminopropane
 Tertiary trimethylamine

25. Isopropyl 3-pentyl amine

27. IUPAC NOMENCLATURE

28. Name the following
a) d)
b) e)
c)

29. Draw the following

31. Activity #12 Hydrocarbon
Derivatives
 Investigate the General
Formula, Functional Group, Chemical
properties, Physical Properties and three
examples of the following Hydrocarbon
Derivates:
 Amines
 Aldehydes
 Ketones
Portfolio in your notebook (homework)