This document discusses the rules for forming comparatives and superlatives in English. It explains that most one-syllable adjectives and adverbs form the comparative with "-er" and the superlative with "-est". Two-syllable words typically take "more" and "most", although some can also use "-er" and "-est". A few common words like "good" and "bad" have irregular forms. The document provides many examples to illustrate the patterns.

1. Comparatives and
Superlatives:
Forms

2. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
You add ‘-er’ for the comparative form and ‘-
est’ for the superlative form of one-syllable
adjectives and adverbs. If they end in ‘-e’ you
add ‘-r’ and ‘-st’
cheap - cheaper - cheapest
safe - safer - safest

3. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
cold light rough
young large fast
poor small nice
hard quick weak
close wide
They worked harder.
I’ve found a nicer hotel.

4. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
If they end in a single vowel and consonant
(except ‘-w’), you double the consonant.
big - bigger - biggest
fat hot sad thin wet
The day grew hotter.
Henry was the biggest of them.

5. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
With two syllable adjectives ending in a
consonant followed by ‘-y’, you change the ‘-y’
to ‘-i’ and add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’.
happy - happier - happiest
angry dirty friendly
heavy silly busy
easy funny lucky

6. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
It couldn’t be easier.
That is the funniest bit of the film.

7. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
You use ‘more’ for the comparative and ‘most’
for the superlative of most two-syllable
adjectives, all longer adjectives, and adverbs
ending in ‘-ly’.
careful - more careful - most careful
beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful
seriously - more seriously - most seriously

8. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
Be more careful next time.
They are the most beautiful gardens in the
world.
It affected Clive most seriously.
Note: For ‘early’ as an adjective or adverb, you
use ‘ealier’ and ‘earliest’, not ‘more’ and ‘most’.

9. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
With some common two-syllable adjectives
and adverbs, you can either add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’,
or use ‘more’ and ‘most’.
common gentle likely
pleasant simple cruel
handsome narrow polite
stupid

10. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
Note: ‘Clever’ and ‘quiet’ only add ‘-er’ and ‘-
est’.
It was quieter outside.
He was the cleverest man I ever met.

11. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
You normally use ‘the’ with superlative
adjectives in front of nouns, but you can omit
‘the’ after a link verb.
It was the happiest day of my life.
It was one of the most important discoveries.
I was the happiest when I was on my own.

12. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
Warning: When ‘most’ is used without ‘the’ in
front of adjectives and adverbs, it often means
almost the same as ‘very’.
This book was most interesting.
I object most strongly.

13. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
A few common adjectives and adverbs have
irregular comparative and superlative forms.
good/well bettter best
bad/badly worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest

14. Comparatives and
Superlatives: Forms
Note: You use ‘elder’ or ‘eldest’ to say which
brother, sister, or child in a family you mean.
Our eldest daughter couldn’t come.