See https://i4ada.org for additional information and videorecordings of the presentations held at the Hague Summit for Accountability in the Digital Age

1. ACCOUNTABILITY , CYBER
SECURITY AND CYBER PEACE

2. A PRESENTATION
BY
DR. PAVAN DUGGAL
ADVOCATE, SUPREME COURT OF
INDIA
CHAIRMAN, INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION ON CYBER SECURITY
LAW
PRESIDENT, CYBERLAWS.NET
CHIEF EXECUTIVE, ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE LAW HUB

3. CYBER ATTACK IN UTAH
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copyright holders

4. WHATSAPP SNOOPING
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copyright holders

5. PAYMENT CARD BREACH
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copyright holders

6. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Breaches of cyber security lead to big
questions on accountability.
• How can state and non-state actors
be made accountable for cyber security
breaches?
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holders

7. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• This accountability issue is directly
linked to the protection and preservation
of cyber security and peace in cyberspace.
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holders

8. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Attribution is one of the basic
problems, given the fact that most of the
cyber security breachers are using the
darknet.
• Increasing trends amongst countries
to come up with distinct national
legislations on cyber security.
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holders

9. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• These legislations tend to try to address
international issues using national approaches.
• It might be a good initial step but may not be a long
term sustainable step.
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holders

10. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• The absence of a global Cyberlaw
effectively means that norms pertaining to
acceptance standards are still not
developed.
• Even the debate pertaining to norms
of behavior in cyberspace have not been
adequately concluded.
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holders

11. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• The recent two ongoing processes
in the United Nations being the
UNGGE and UN Open Ended
Working Group could further
contribute in this direction.
These two new groups are continuing
on their deliberations on how to
evolve norms in cyberspace.
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holders

12. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Cyber security and accountability
are two intrinsically paradoxical
terms.
• Today various states and non-
states actors want to do large
number of covert and over activities
for the purposes of fulfillment of
their own objectives.
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holders

13. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Number of countries are today increasingly having
in place cyber armies not just to protect their
sovereignty but also for the purposes of ensuring that
they do other activities which could have an impact
upon sovereignty of other countries.
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holders

14. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• The advent of darknet has further
complicated the issue of accountability
on cyber security.
• Today cyber peace is a constantly
evolving concept.
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holders

15. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Large number of cyber attacks are happening
targeted at breaching cyber security of various critical
information infrastructure.
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holders

16. NUCELAR POWER CYBER
MALWARE ATTACK
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17. CYBER ATTACK IN SOUTH AFRICA
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18. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• New legislative approaches required to be adopted
in this regard.
• Further, for ensuring cyber peace, it is important
that appropriate legal protections need to be provided
to the private sector.
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holders

19. CHINESE NEW LAW ON CYBER
SECURITY
New Chinese law lays emphasis
on cyber security aspects.
China has adopted a distinctive
approach of mingling cyber security
within the broader ambit of national
security.

20. CHINESE APPROACHES ON CYBER
SECURITY LAW
The way the provisions of the
said law has been drafted are so
wide to include within their ambit
all kinds of cyber security
breaches as any cyber security
breach is going to influence
national security, social stability as
also prejudicial impact the
preservation of public safety and
societal tranquility.
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holders

21. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL APPROACHES
ON CYBER SECURITY LAW
Russia recently passed a law which actually
mandated service providers to ensure that all
data pertaining to Russians must be
physically located within the territorial
boundaries of Russia.
Consequently, we have begun to see a trend
where various national governments are now
increasingly looking in the direction of
coming up with appropriate national
approaches to deal with the international
issue of cyber security.

22. GLOBAL AND NATIONAL APPROACHES
ON CYBER SECURITY LAW
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copyright holders

23. RUSSIAN RUNET LAW
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copyright holders

24. THAILAND CYBER SECURITY LAW
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copyright holders

25. AUSTRALIA’S ANTI-ENCRYPTION LAW
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copyright holders

26. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY
LAW - TAIWAN
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copyright holders

27. DEVELOPMENTS AT
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
SINGAPORE
CYBER SECURITY
LAW
EGYPT CYBER
SECURITY LAW
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holders

28. DEVELOPMENTS AT
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
In addition, there are also various cyber
security strategies that different countries
have come up in place.
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holders

29. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Cyber security safe harbor in Ohio has now led the
example where companies are now exempt from
potential exposure to legal liability in case if they do
comply with the minimum requirements of cyber
security.
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holders

30. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• The misuse of Artificial
Intelligence on the darknet for
breaching cyber security of
networks has begun to start
emerging as another big
problem.
• The principles of
accountability must be
established for the purposes of
cyber security compliances.

31. CALIFORNIA LAW ON IOT
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32. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Companies must be mandated to
follow minimum security levels of
practices and procedures.
• California has passed a law which
comes into effect from 1st January, 2020
which mandates the installation of
reasonable security features in all IoT
devices from 1st January, 2020.
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holders

33. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• The work done by the International Commission on
Cyber Security Law in terms of collating common legal
principles to govern and regulating cyber security at a
global level.
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holders

34. CYBER SECURITY AND
ACCOUNTABILITY
• There is a need to come up with common
minimum denominators for regulating cyber security
so that there can be more accountability and hence
contribute to cyber peace.
The sacrosanct nature of cyberspace as a common
heritage of human mankind needs to be
reemphasized.
There needs to be more work done.
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holders

35. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
CYBERLAW, CYBERCRIME & CYBER
SECURITY,NEW DELHI, INDIA
(20TH TO 22ND NOVEMBER, 2019)
 The International Conference on Cyberlaw, Cybercrime & Cyber Security
(www.cyberlawcybercrime.com) has provided the platform to discuss about
emerging Cyberlaw, Cybercrime and Cybersecurity trends.
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copyright holders

36. A PRESENTATION
BY
DR. PAVAN DUGGAL
ADVOCATE, SUPREME COURT OF
INDIA
CHAIRMAN, INTERNATIONAL
COMMISSION ON CYBER SECURITY
LAW
PRESIDENT, CYBERLAWS.NET
CHIEF EXECUTIVE, ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE LAW HUB
pavan@pavanduggal.com
pavanduggal@yahoo.com