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Media Imperialism Revisited
Self-Intro Video
• Due Jan. 31st ( 5 pm)
• A self-introduction, using images, text, and
  narratives (using a specific image or set of related
  images as the backdrop for your view of
  development)
• No more than TWO minutes (could be shorter)
• Submit video on the wiki
   – Instructions posted (pay attention to file naming)
• Technical assistant – ask early!
Media Imperialism
• Key assumptions?
• Why is this thesis so dominant in the media
  and development literature over the last few
  decades?
• Is this popularity justified in terms of its
  explanatory power and empirical support?
• What accounts for the weaning of the thesis'
  popularity in recent years?
Context
• Development assistance, technology and
  skills transfer
• Research, fact finding and dissemination
• Norm setting, principles and declarations
The McBride Commission Report
               (1985)
• Self-reliance and cultural identity
• international character of the media, their
  structures, world-views and markets
• Globalization: concentration of media
  ownership, monopolization of markets, and a
  decline in diversity
• Emergence of the information society
The New World Information
Communication Order (NWICO)

    • The Four “Ds”
      –   Democratization
      –   Decolonization
      –   Demonopolization
      –   Development
Media Imperialism
                Key claims:
• Negative impact of western media
  – Lost of identity - homogenization
  – One way flow of media
  – Widen the class structure
  – Profit making through exploitation
     • Reduce the diversity of programming and content in
       favour of market logic
     • “greenwashing”
Media Imperlism
• Mass media and reception
                                 "Power is the ability
    – Agencies
                                 not just to tell the
    – Consent
                                 story of another
•   Unequal power                person, but to make
•   “The West and the Rest”      it the definitive story
•   Representation               of that person".
•   Essentialism                 ChimamandaAdichie: The
                                 danger of a single story
•   Culture as consumption
•   Mechanism of globalization
A powerful counter-story of
      Essentialism
http://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story.html
http://disney.go.com/theatre/thelionking/#/home/
A look at Francis Nyamnjoh’s work on
            Africa’s Media
“A powerful critique of
Western liberal model
of journalism based on
individual autonomy
and freedom that
ignores the complicated
patterns of ‘‘belonging’’
in Africa.”
•Liberal democracy and “the autonomous
Critique of Western   individual”
Media
                      •“ideology of hierarchies of culture”

                      •Unequal power relations

                      •Profit motive over “creative diversity and
                      cultural plurality”

                      •Conflation of State and “Market Logic”

                      •Ignore “personhood and agency”

                      • The West theorizing the Rest

                      • Western journalism as model
New Media and Citizen Journalism

        ‘‘Africa’s creativity simply cannot
        allow for simple dichotomies or
        distinctions between old and new
        technologies, since its peoples are
        daily modernising the indigenous
        and indigenising the modern with
        novel outcomes’’
        (Nyamnjoh, 2005, p. 4).
Politics of Scholarly Production
New technologies and excluded scholarship
             “Ordinary people at the margins
             of focus of technology, use a
             combination of possibilities to
             relate and to exchange in ways
             that can be quite instructive
             about theory-building.”
“Journalism should be storytelling, but not in
a hurry - that is why the ethnographic method
is important.”
But is the Media Imperialism thesis
            overstated?
Rethinking Media Imperialism
• Is the power of the Western mass media
  overstated?
• What are the roles of state and local
  organizations?
• What are the roles of the “audience”?
• What about local cultural contexts?
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
Media imperialism
http://aljazeera.net/
Media imperialism

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Media imperialism

  • 2. Self-Intro Video • Due Jan. 31st ( 5 pm) • A self-introduction, using images, text, and narratives (using a specific image or set of related images as the backdrop for your view of development) • No more than TWO minutes (could be shorter) • Submit video on the wiki – Instructions posted (pay attention to file naming) • Technical assistant – ask early!
  • 3. Media Imperialism • Key assumptions? • Why is this thesis so dominant in the media and development literature over the last few decades? • Is this popularity justified in terms of its explanatory power and empirical support? • What accounts for the weaning of the thesis' popularity in recent years?
  • 5. • Development assistance, technology and skills transfer • Research, fact finding and dissemination • Norm setting, principles and declarations
  • 6. The McBride Commission Report (1985) • Self-reliance and cultural identity • international character of the media, their structures, world-views and markets • Globalization: concentration of media ownership, monopolization of markets, and a decline in diversity • Emergence of the information society
  • 7. The New World Information Communication Order (NWICO) • The Four “Ds” – Democratization – Decolonization – Demonopolization – Development
  • 8. Media Imperialism Key claims: • Negative impact of western media – Lost of identity - homogenization – One way flow of media – Widen the class structure – Profit making through exploitation • Reduce the diversity of programming and content in favour of market logic • “greenwashing”
  • 9. Media Imperlism • Mass media and reception "Power is the ability – Agencies not just to tell the – Consent story of another • Unequal power person, but to make • “The West and the Rest” it the definitive story • Representation of that person". • Essentialism ChimamandaAdichie: The danger of a single story • Culture as consumption • Mechanism of globalization
  • 10. A powerful counter-story of Essentialism
  • 13. A look at Francis Nyamnjoh’s work on Africa’s Media
  • 14. “A powerful critique of Western liberal model of journalism based on individual autonomy and freedom that ignores the complicated patterns of ‘‘belonging’’ in Africa.”
  • 15. •Liberal democracy and “the autonomous Critique of Western individual” Media •“ideology of hierarchies of culture” •Unequal power relations •Profit motive over “creative diversity and cultural plurality” •Conflation of State and “Market Logic” •Ignore “personhood and agency” • The West theorizing the Rest • Western journalism as model
  • 16. New Media and Citizen Journalism ‘‘Africa’s creativity simply cannot allow for simple dichotomies or distinctions between old and new technologies, since its peoples are daily modernising the indigenous and indigenising the modern with novel outcomes’’ (Nyamnjoh, 2005, p. 4).
  • 17. Politics of Scholarly Production New technologies and excluded scholarship “Ordinary people at the margins of focus of technology, use a combination of possibilities to relate and to exchange in ways that can be quite instructive about theory-building.”
  • 18. “Journalism should be storytelling, but not in a hurry - that is why the ethnographic method is important.”
  • 19. But is the Media Imperialism thesis overstated?
  • 20. Rethinking Media Imperialism • Is the power of the Western mass media overstated? • What are the roles of state and local organizations? • What are the roles of the “audience”? • What about local cultural contexts?

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Hypodermic model of media effect