This document summarizes key concepts in digital image processing, including: 1) Image processing transforms digital images for viewing or analysis and includes image-to-image, image-to-information, and information-to-image transformations. 2) Image-to-image transformations like adjustments to tonescale, contrast, and geometry are used to enhance or alter digital images for output or diagnosis. 3) Image-to-information transformations extract data from images through techniques like histograms, compression, and segmentation for analysis. 4) Information-to-image transformations are needed to reconstruct images for output through techniques like decompression and scaling.

1. Saudi Board of Radiology: Physics Refresher Course Kostas Chantziantoniou, MSc 2 , DABR Head, Imaging Physics Section King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre Biomedical Physics Department Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Image Processing Basics

8. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

9. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

10. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

11. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

12. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations Image contrast window

13. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations Image brightness window

19. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations Kernel size will have a large effect on the level of smoothing that is performed Sum of all pixel weight factors in kernel must equal 1

20. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

24. Image Processing: Image-to-Image Transformations

27. Image Processing: Image-to-Information Transformations

29. Image Processing: Image-to-Information Transformations

39. Image Output (Reconstruction): What is the problem? CR image (2k x 2.5k, 12 bit) to be displayed on a CRT monitor (1.2k x 1k, 8 bit)

49. Image Output (Reconstruction): Decimation