1. LECTURES 7 and 8:
BIODIVERSITY
(Concepts and Measurements)

2. OVERVIEW: 2010 AS INTERNATIONAL
YEAR OF BIODIVERSITY

3. OVERVIEW: THE BIO-DAVERSITY
CODE VIDEO

4. LECTURE 7:
BIODIVERSITY
CONCEPTS and
HOTSPOTS

5. BIODIVERSITY: Definition
variety of life forms,
ecological functions
they perform, genetic
variations they contain
the diversity of life on
Earth
variety at all levels of
b i o l o g i c a l
organization

6. COMPONENTS OF BIODIVERSITY
Genetic diversity–
genetic variation within
populations or species
Species diversity–
numbers of species
within an area; umber of
species in a community.
More species = greater
species diversity
Ecosystem diversity–
variation among
e c o s y s t e m s ,
c o m m u n i t i e s ,
landscapes

7. WHY IS BIODIVERSITY
IMPORTANT?
Economic value–resources, including food,
medicines and other helpful chemicals, genes for
better crops
Utilitarian value–prevent erosion, purify water,
recycle CO2, regulate climate, recycle nutrients
through decomposition, collectively, “ecosystem
services”
Psychological value–direct or indirect enjoyment of
nature
Intrinsic value–independent of humans

8. BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

9. BIODIVERSITY
QUALITY MAP

10. BIODIVERSITY-
RICH AREAS

11. PROTECTED
AREAS

12. THREATENED
AREAS

13. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
Habitat Destruction
Over-exploitation
Chemical (Environmental) Pollution
Biological Pollution (Species Level)
Weak Institutional and Legal
Capacities

14. FEEL THE CHANGE...
The forest cover in the country has been reduced from
more than 50 percent to less than 24 percent over a
40 year period (1948 to 1987)
Only about 5 percent of the country’s coral reefs
remains in excellent condition
About 30-50 percent of its seagrass beds in the last 50
years
About 80 percent of its mangrove areas in the last 75
years, have been lost
About 50 percent of national parks are no longer
biologically important

15. WHAT MAKES AN
ECOSYSTEM
HEALTHY?

17. HOW CAN YOU HELP?

18. HOW CAN YOU HELP?

20. DECISION 101:
WHICH SPECIES TO
CONSERVE?

24. PHILIPPINES AS A
HOTSPOT
(CHECK OUT: ACTIVITY BOOK FOR
ENDEMIC AND THREATENED SPECIES)

25. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

26. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

27. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

28. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

29. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

30. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

31. Priority Sites
for
Conservation
in the
Philippines:
Key
Biodiversity
Areas

32. LECTURE 8:
BIODIVERSITY
MEASUREMENTS

33. Measures : INDICATORS OF THE WELL-
BEING OF ECOSYSTEMS
Species Richness: Number of
species in the community
Species Evenness: Relative
proportion of individuals
belonging to each of the
species
Species Diversity: Shannon-
Weiner index

34. GROUP WORK ON BIODIVERSITY
MEASUREMENTS
FORM 4 GROUPS (9-10 PER
GROUP)
CHOOSE A CAR PARK AND
OBTAIN THE FOLLOWING DATA,
FOLLOWING YOUR WORKSHEET
(Prepare one-page report in an
acetate)
CHOOSE A REPRESENTATIVE AND
REPORT YOUR RESULTS NEXT
MEETING

35. DATA TO OBTAIN
PROPORTION (pi) = Number/total
Log (pi) = Get LOG using your
calculator
pilogpi = Multiply previously
obtained value with your proportion
H’ = -Σpilogpi (Get sum of your
previously obtained values then
Multiply with a negative sign to
obtain a positive value