The document summarizes a sustainability issue publication from the Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii. It highlights several events, including the successful Project Greenway plant fashion show. It also promotes upcoming sustainability award submissions and certification training opportunities. Various industry organizations, products, and events are advertised throughout the publication.

1. S U S T A I N A B I L I T Y I S S U E
T h e V o i c e o f H A W A I’ S G R EN I N D U S T R Y $5.00
Landscape Industry
Council of Hawai’i
P. O. Box 22938
Honolulu HI 96823-2938
New Lich
Sustainability
Awards
Call For Entries Online.
Submissions Due 8/30
PROJECT
GREENWAY
Plant Fashion Show
A Runaway Success
Irrigation
Efficiencies
The Latest And Greatest
In Water Conservation
Landscape Industry
Council of Hawai’i
P. O. Box 22938
Honolulu HI 96823-2938
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
HONOLULU, HI
PERMIT NO. 1023
PRESORTED
STANDARD
JULY | AUGUST 2013
Wilhelmina model Kylee Cunningham presenting
Ludovia (Ludovia lancifolia) wearing an outfit
designed by UH CTAHR student Cole Lida

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3. 22
Hawaiiscape.com 3
Formed in June 1986, the Landscape Industry Coun-cil
of Hawai’i is a state wide alliance representing
Hawaii's landscape associations: Aloha Arborist As-sociation,
American Society of Landscape Architects
Hawaii Chapter, Hawaii Association of Nurserymen,
Hawaii Island Landscape Association, Hawaii Land-scape
and Irrigation Contractors, Hawaii Society
of Urban Forestry Professionals, Kauai Landscape
Industry Council, Maui Association of Landscape
Professionals, Professional Grounds Management
Society, Big Island Association of Nurserymen, and
the Hawaii Professional Gardeners Association.
Landscape Industry Council of Hawai‘i
P. O. Box 22938, Honolulu HI 96823-2938
Editor
Christopher A. Dacus
chris.dacus@gmail.com
Advertising Sales
Jay Deputy
jaydeputy@gmail.com
Membership
Cheryl M. Dacus
cheryldacus@yahoo.com
Designer
Darrell Ishida
Cover Photo
Project Greenway
Photo by Shaun Tokunaga
Mahalo to Landscape Industry
Council of Hawaii Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors
Hawaiian Turfgrass
Website Sponsors
Sharon’s Nursery, Ltd.
Geotech Solutions, Inc.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
DEPARTMENTS
4 PRESIDENT’S MEMO
4 LICH NEWS
6 LICH HAPPENINGS
22 LOW HANGING FRUIT
24 PEST COLUMN
25 Turf COLUMN
28 TOOL TIPS
30 HAWAI-‘ICOLOGY
FEATURES
11 MIDPAC CONFERENCE AND EXPO
12 KLIC CTW PREP CLASSES
13 Environmentally FRIENDLY
14 Stormwater BMPs
16 LID PROJECT
17 MALAMA MAUNALUA
18 LOW IMPACT
26 DISPOSABLE LANDSCAPES
29 LICT WORKSHOP
COVER STORIES
6 PROJECT GREENWAY
10 SUSTAINABILITY AWARDS
20 IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES
2 0 1 3 B oard of D irectors
Chris Dacus Brandon Au Matt Lyum Rick Quinn
President Vice President Treasurer Secretary
Jay Deputy Clifford Migita Chuck Chimera Mark Suiso
Carl Evensen Lelan Nishek Steve Nimz Josh Sand
Randy Liu Karen Ostborg Boyd Ready Aaron Agsalda
Christy Martin Edmundo Reyes Garrett Webb Orville Baldos
Chris McCullough
Online at www.hawaiiscape.com

4. President's
Column
4 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 Let’s talk
sustainability!
It’s our annual issue on landscape sustainabil-ity
featuring the latest landscape sustainability
trends. Have you made progress since last year’s
issue on becoming more sustainable at work and
home? Remember, sustainability is everyone’s
kuleana. The best time to become sustainable was
many years ago and the second best time is now.
Are you tired of the word sustainable being over
used? Everyone claims to be sustainable and now
there’s a way to prove it. LICH is recognizing the
most sustainable local individuals, companies
and projects with the Landscape Sustainability
awards. Step up and submit your best work or
nominate an outstanding individual or company.
Projects must be harmony with the natural en-vironment,
resulting in ecological regeneration,
social and improving public health outcomes.
Projects will be judged on their design as pertain-ing
to ecological, storm water, soils, vegetation,
stakeholder involvement, social, cultural, wise use
of resources, and food security. Award the sub-mission
deadline is August 30th with the awards
given at the LICH conference on October 10th.
Walk the walk.
Besides featuring the awards, this issue includes
sustainable stories on agricultural chemicals that
have a low Environmental Impact Quota, irriga-tion
efficiency, low impact development, integrat-ed
pest management, and a new fruit tree.
Our next issue will feature our annual conference
and native plants. Book your registration online
today at our new website – www.hawaiiscape.com.
Sincerely,
Chris Dacus
President
Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii
Jamilee Kempton, secretary
of Aloha Arborist Association,
won the Western Chapter
International Society of Arbo-riculture
Tree Climbing Cham-pionship
Women’s Division.
lich
NEWS
Whats Happening
New UH CTAHR Turf
Grass Specialist
Dr. Zhiqiang Cheng is a scientist working
on the biology, ecology, and management of
turfgrass and urban landscapes, as well as on
soil ecology, and environmental bio-indica-tors.
His extension and research efforts focus
on: 1) IPM for lawns, golf courses, athletic
fields, and urban landscapes; 2) understand-ing
ecological interactions among turfgrass/
landscape plants, pests, soil, and other
environmental factors; 3) testing/selecting effective yet environmental-friendly
pesticides/fertilizers; and 4) testing biocontrol methods on
broader spectrum of pests in Hawaii. Dr. Cheng has over 10 years of
research experience in the ecology and management of turfgrass and
urban landscapes. He has given presentations in many international
and national conferences, meetings, and workshops. Dr. Cheng has
been managing the Soil Ecology Lab of Agroecosystems Management
Program at The Ohio State University since September 2008. He has
also been working closely with the industry. For example, he has con-ducted
research projects in collaboration with TruGreen Chemlawn
Company, and MTD Corporation, respectively. Further, Dr. Cheng
is one of the founding members of the Association for Environmen-tal
Studies and Sciences (AESS), and has been serving on the Awards
Committee of AESS since 2009. In addition, Dr. Cheng serves as peer-reviewer
for many premium scientific journals, including Pest Man-agement
Science, Journal of Nematology, Journal of Forestry, Compost
Science and Utilization, Applied Soil Ecology, and more.
LICH Launches New Website
LICH launches, www.hawaiiscape.com, the new green industry
website replacing www.landscapehawaii.org. It is designed for com-puters,
tablets or smartphones. The new website features comprehen-sive
information on events, publications, conference, certifications,
awards, local stories or read the history of LICH. Visitors can sign up
for the electronic newsletter, become a member or subscribe to the
LICH calendar and receive automatic updates to your personal Google
calendar. It's a news driven website with Landscape Hawaii magazine
stories, updates about Hawaii's landscape industry and photos from
recent events. It includes online payment for membership, LICT test
application fees, conference fees and sustainable landscape awards
entry fees. Visit the website at www.hawaiiscape.com.

5. Photo: Garrett Webb
Carol KWAN receives Award
Carol Kwan was presented with Western Chapter ISA’s Executive Director
Award for helping WCISA become active in Hawaii again. Left to right: Dennis
Swartzell, WCISA president, Carol Kwan, and Rose Epperson, WCISA
Executive Director.
03-10-09/0000229489
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Contact
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owens001@hawaii.rr.com
48-373 G Kamehameha Hwy
Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744
LARGEST NURSERY SELECTION ON KAUAI
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Schildknecht
joins Pacific
Pipe Company
After almost
30 years at the
helm of Irriga-tion
Hawaii, Al-lan
Schildknecht
has joined the
Water Conser-vation
Team
at Pacific Pipe
Company (PPC)
on April 1st.
As a part of the PPC team, Mr Schil-dknecht
is looking forward to working
with architects, contractors and end
users on an even closer level, assisting
them in design, training, and opera-tional
service support for the vast array
of water conservation products sold at
Pacific Pipe.
Hawaiiscape.com
Calendar of Events
July 11 – 3 CEUs
Native Plant Production and
Landscaping
Hui Ku Maoli Ola, Oahu
July 13
Mangoes at the Moana
Sheraton Moana Hotel, Oahu
July 19 – 3 CEUs
Master Gardener – Aquaponics
w/Fred Lau
Mari’s Gardens, Oahu
July 23 – 4 CEUs
Advanced Drip Irrigation Design
and Installation
Pacific Pipe, Oahu
July 26
Oahu LICT Registration Deadline
www.hawaiiscape.com
July 26 & 27, August 3 – 13.5 CEUs
LICT Irrigation School
Pearl City Urban Garden Center,
Oahu
July 27
Fun In The Mud – 2 CEUs
Mulkern Nursery, Waimanalo, Oahu
August 2
Master Gardener – Agritourism
Kahuku Farms, Kahuku, Oahu
August 7
Oahu LICT - Written Test
Oahu
August 10
Oahu LICT – Field Test
Oahu
August 13 – 24 - 36 CEUs
Kauai Certified Tree Worker Classes
Kauai Community College, Kauai
August 16 – 3 CEUs
Master Gardener – Direct Marketing
Otsuji Farms, Hawaii Kai, Oahu
August 19-20 – 16 CEUs
Rainwater Harvesting Workshop
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Oahu
October 10 – 5 CEUs
LICH Conference & Tradeshow
Neal Blaisdell Exhibition Hall, Oahu
LICT CEUs shown for all events
Upcoming Issues:
Tell a great story! Email the editor at chris.dacus@gmail.com.
SEP/OCT
Theme: Native Plants /
LICH Conference
Story Deadline: August 9th
NOV/DEC
Theme: Herbicides,
Insecticides & Fertilizers/
Native Species Awards
Story Deadline:
October 11th
JAN/FEB 2014
Theme: Low Impact
Development
Story Deadline:
December 13th
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 5

6. PROJECT
GRENWAY A RUNAWAY SUCESS
lich
HAPPENINGS
6 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 Project Greenway Sponsor:
Hawaiian Turfgrass
The exclusive licensed producer of the some
of the most drought tolerant, technologically
advanced turfgrasses in the Islands, Hawaiian
Turfgrass. For an improved zoysiagrass, use
Hawaiian Turfgrass’s Zeon Zoysia, the number
one selling zoysiagrass in America. Zeon Zoysia
was selected as the grass for the golf course in the
2016 Olympics in Rio. Also produced by Hawaiian
Turfgrass is L1F Zoysia, a new, ultra-exclusive fine-bladed
grass for golf courses. TifGrand Bermudagrass
is a new grass from the University of Georgia that
grows well in full sun or partial shade and has a beauti-ful
soft feel underfoot. You can use TifGrand on home
lawns, at schools or on stadium sports fields. JaMur Zoysia
is a dense sod that is among the most extremely drought
tolerant grasses on the market. JaMur looks similar to El
Toro but is significantly more resilient for our Hawaiian
home lawns, requires far less fertilizer and makes far less
thatch. Captiva St. Augustine is a new grass that is resistant
to the chinch bug. And, Captiva requires far less mowing,
that’s right, less mowing, than other St. Augustine grasses.
Whether you’re looking for grasses that take less water,
less fertilizer, or require fewer inputs overall, Hawaiian
Turfgrass has a grass to fit your needs. Hawaiian Turf-grass
is a licensed contractor. Hawaiian Turfgrass is the
future of turfgrass in Hawaii.
2013 UH CTAHR
graduate Breanne
Lee creating a
piece of fashion
art with only
flowers.
The LICH Project Greenway
was held on June 14 at the
Kapiolani Community
College and was a run-away
success. The show
featured new native and
non-native plants for the urban land-scape.
Besides sixty new plants, the event
showcased clothing fashions designed by
juniors and seniors in the UH College of
Tropical Agriculture and Human Resourc-es
Fashion Design and Merchandising Pro-gram,
with the models’ hair and makeup
by cosmetology students from Honolulu
Community College, local-grown food
prepared by culinary arts students from
Kapiolani Community College, and the
IONA Dance Theatre dancers providing
an added dimension of ambiance for the
evening. Over 250 attended the event in-cluding
Governor Abercrombie and Dean
Maria Gallo. The event had great energy
and excitement. A silent auction benefited
Lyon Arboretum and Waimea Valley. The
Landscape Industry Council of Hawaii is
grateful to the sponsors, vendors and awe-some
volunteers. If you missed the event,
you can watch the Project Greenway event
video at Facebook.com/
hawaiiscape.
Photo: © Photo: Shaun © Tokunaga
Shaun Tokunaga C H R I S DACUS

7. Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Mary Wilkowski of Vetiver Systems
Hawaii with Governor Abercrombie
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
ABOVE: LICH Board member Christy
Martin dressed to the nines helping
as always. BELOW: IONA Dance
Theatre dancer dressed in an orchid
outfit posing behind Vetiver grass
(Chrysopogon zizanioides)
Project Greenway Sponsor:
D.R. Horton
D.R. Horton – Schuler Division is a
kama‘āina company with deep roots in
Hawai‘i that combines local expertise
with national resources. The company
has been building homes in the islands as
Schuler Homes, founded by then long-time
Hawai‘i resident Jim Schuler, and
making home ownership possible for
thousands of local families for the past
40 years. With an eye toward the future,
homes and communities built by D.R.
Horton are designed for local families.
The company is committed to creating
sustainable homes and believes strongly
in preparing for Hawaii’s future so that
future generations can enjoy the full
pleasures of living in our beautiful island
community. As landscape architects and
members of the landscaping industry, you
may find interesting D.R. Horton’s newest
“option” for its homeowners. D.R. Horton
recently began offering Urban Food Gar-dens,
which allow families to landscape
their homes with edible gardens – with
aquaponic systems and a variety of crops
to grow. Weaving agriculture into daily
life is part of the company’s vision for the
future.
Project Greenway Sponsor:
Neiman Marcus
Neiman Marcus is a proud spon-sor
of Project Greenway. As America’s
premier luxury retailer for over 100
years, Neiman Marcus is renowned for
quality merchandise and exceptional
customer service. The Ala Moana Cen-ter
location carries on this legacy as
can be evidenced by strolling through
their store or dining in their restau-rants,
including the award-winning
Mariposa restaurant. Neiman Marcus
is also known for their dedication to
the community in which they serve.
They generously donated a fashion
and beauty goodie bag for each of our
volunteer models, cosmetology and
fashion students containing products
from such lines as Vince and Giorgio
Armani Beauty.
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Hawaiiscape.com 7

8. CLOCKWISE: Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Director Steve Sue giving instructions to
IONA Dance Theatre dancers during afternoon rehearsal;
Leland Nishek of Kauai Nursery and Landscape and Kar-en
Ostborg pose for a photograph with the popular IONA
Dance Theatre orchid dancer; Sean Fong of Hawaiian
Turfgrass talking turf; IONA Dance Theatre dancer enter-taining
the audience in between sets of plants.
8 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 Project Greenway Sponsor:
Ali‘i Turf Company
The Ali‘i Turf Company is a provider of turf grass and
is located on the corner of Kamehameha and Whitmore
Avenue in Wahiawa. Ali‘i Turf Company is locally owned
and operated by See Ba Thee or as we know him better as
TC. TC has been in the turf business for over twenty-three
years here in the islands. Ali‘i Turf company has provided
grass for golf courses, commercial and government instal-lations
and family homes on almost every island. The Ali‘i
Turf Company offers a diverse line of grass types that can
match the demands for any landscaping need. If you would
like you are invited to come to the farm, take off your shores
and pick the type of grass your feet like the best or you can
call and the grass will be delivered to your doorstep. With
emphasis on product quality and service Ali‘i Turf Company
will continually strive to be the best in the islands. In fact,
the Ali‘i Turf mission statement is to grow the highest qual-ity
turf while striving to surpass our customers’ expectations
of service. Let Ali‘i Turf help you transform your landscaping
dreams into a reality.
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Michael O'Hara Photography
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga

9. THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Project Greenway Sponsor: Wilhelmina Hawaii
Wilhelmina Hawaii is the first affiliate to represent the global powerhouse of
Wilhelmina International in the Hawaii market. With a dedication to scouting,
developing and representing the highest caliber of models in Hawaii, Wilhelmina
Hawaii is focused on establishing Hawaii models in our market and in both the
national and international fashion scene. With the support of Wilhelmina Inter-national,
Hawaii models will now have an opportunity to be considered in larger
and more established markets like Los Angeles, New York and Miami. Additionally,
Wilhelmina Hawaii serves as a natural bridge to some of the world’s busiest Asian
markets promoting models from across the nation in Japan, Taiwan, Thailand,
Hong Kong, etc. Wilhelmina Hawaii is led by one of Hawaii’s most experienced
agents, Ryan K. Brown, longtime owner of Hawaii’s successful Commercial/Theat-rical
Talent agency, the Screen Actors Guild franchised ADR Agency. Brown offers
20 years of expertise in the Hawaii market as the most experienced active agent in
Honolulu, Hawaii.
Hawaiiscape.com 9
LEFT: Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith flanked
by Kentia Palm (Howea forsteriana) and
Raphis Palm (Rhapis excels). Kalia is
modeling an outfit designed by 2013 UH
CTAHR graduate Breanne Lee; CENTER:
Wilhelmina model Kalia Smith wearing an
outfit designed by UH CTAHR student Cole
Lida. Kalia is standing on a runway
composed of synthetic turf grass generously
supplied by NyLawn; RIGHT: Wilhelmina
model Annalise Ferreira pointing out
Pokalakala (Polyscias racemosa).
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga Photo: © Shaun Tokunaga
Project Greenway Sponsor:
Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association
Hawaii Floriculture and Nursery Association enhances its members’ busi-ness
success through enactment of laws to advance the common business
interests of the members, education, marketing, research and services; encour-ages
and promotes the betterment of conditions that will create and sustain
an economically viable flower and plant industry; and promotes the growing
and exporting of Hawaii flowers and plants.

10. LICH LANDSCAPE
SUSTAINABILITY AWARDS
Entries Submissions due August 30th
By TCHRIS DACUS
10 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 he LICH 2013 Landscape
Sustainability Awards rec-ognize
advocates of sus-tainability
and landscape
projects that demonstrate
a high degree of innova-tion,
commitment and achievement in
increasing our understanding of the com-plex
interactions between constructed
and natural systems and are in harmony
with the natural environment, result-ing
in ecological regeneration, social
and improving public health outcomes.
The awards additionally recognize that
sustainability is everyone’s kuleana and
the need to share sustainable innovations
and techniques within our industry.
The awards are for the designer of
sustainable Hawaii projects whether
they be a landscape architect, landscape
designer, contractor, home-owner, LICH
member or non-LICH member. LICH
will accept nominations for the Native
Plant Advocacy and Plant Pono Invasive
Species awards. Any project completed
after January 1, 2008 is eligible. There are
eight award categories and two award
levels as follows:
Award Levels
1. La‘au Ku Kahi Award for Excellence:
One award may be awarded in each cat-egory,
if determined by the judges.
2. Mohalu Honor Award: Any number
of awards may be given in each category.
The award categories are:
■■ Sustainability Award
■■ Native Plant Design Award -
Residential, Government/
Institutions, Commercial
■■ Native Plant Advocacy & Research
Award
■■ Sustainable Company Award
■■ Plant Pono Invasive Species
Advocacy Award
■■ Water Conservation Award
■■ Edible Landscape Award
■■ Student Poster
The award submission deadline is
August 30th. Award winners will be noti-fied
by September 22nd and the awards
will be given at the LICH Conference on
October 10th.
The LICH Landscape Sustainability
Awards submissions process is com-pletely
digital at www.hawaiiscape.com/
awards. Submissions must include the
project credit information, a project
description, images and Do-It-Yourself
submittal of a signature sustainability
element.
The cost per entry is $50 for a nonprof-it
organization, $75 for a LICH Member
and $100 for a non-member. LICH mem-bership
is $30 per calendar year. For
more information on the awards visit
www.hawaiiscape.com/awards.
Be a part of history, enter your cool
sustainability projects by 8/30, get recog-nized,
share your mana‘o and make your
island home a better place.
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect
and arborist for the Hawaii Department of
Transportation and the president of LICH.

11. HAWAII EXPORT NURSERY ASSOCIATION
presents
“Celebrating our Past, Sustaining our Future”
at the
2013 HAWAII MIDPAC EXPO
July 26, 2013
Waikoloa, Hawaii
Horticultural Conference * Educational Exhibit Center
New Varieties of Dracaena * Networking Reception
Hawaii MIDPAC Hall of Fame Award Presentation
Hawaiian Entertainment * Silent Auction
HENA’s 20th Anniversary Celebration
Hapuna Beach Prince Resort
Great discounted rates on rooms & golf!
For info on MIDPAC, contact HENA at info@hena.org
www.hena.org * (808) 969-2088
P.O. Box 11120 * Hilo, Hawaii 96721
HENA’s 2013
MIDPAC
Conference
and Expo
By Robert Stearns
HENA Board Member
Aloha! You are cordially
invited to help HENA
celebrate our 20th year
anniversary at the 18th
annual MIDPAC Horti-cultural
Conference and
Expo. It will be held on Friday, July 26th
on the Kohala coast at the Hapuna Beach
Prince Hotel. It will be the first time for
this event to be held on the Kona side of
the Big Island and we are excited to be
“Celebrating our Past and Sustaining our
Future” with our debut of our new variet-ies
of Dracaena’s.
During breaks in the Conference there
will be opportunities to visit our Edu-cational
Exhibit Center where you can
speak with representatives of different
agencies and other industry organizations
about the latest updates and programs
available to local floriculture businesses.
MIDPAC would not be complete with-out
our annual Networking Reception.
We will be having live local entertainers, a
silent auction with great items up for bid
throughout the evening, and will honor
one of our own with this year’s MIDPAC
Hall of Fame award. Throughout the
event there will be an opportunity to view
HENA’s newly updated video which tells
about our export industry and products as
well as walk back through time with our
Pictorial History of HENA’s past which
will show many highlights and personali-ties
of the events since HENA’s inception.
We hope you will join us for great food,
fun and friendship!
We are very excited to have many of our
key distributors from the mainland speak-ing
along with our exciting local speakers
covering topics from marketing to use of
Hawaii’s flowers and plants in the interi-orscape
setting. Shelly Hanaoka from the
Big Island will be featured by providing
arrangements and her insights into the
use of flowers and plants together.
MIDPAC events are hosted by the Ha-waii
Export Nursery Association (HENA)
See MIDPAC on page 23
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 11

12. 12 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JULY | AUGUST 2013 KLIC TRE PLANS WORKER CERTIFIED
EXAM PREP CLASSES
TBy CAROL KWAN
here aren’t any Certified
Tree Workers on Kauai
– but if Kauai Landscape
Industry Council (KLIC)
has its way, that will soon
change.
KLIC has been working with Kauai
Community College (KCC) and class
instructors Kevin Eckert and Maureen
Murphy to plan a series of classes de-signed
to help students prepare for and
pass their Certified Tree Worker (CTW)
exam. The classes have been scheduled
as follows (See below).
All of the classes qualify for the ETF
Workforce Development match of 50%
for companies located on Kauai. To get
ETF assistance, employers should submit
the names of their employees who will
be taking the course to WorkWise Kauai.
WorkWise will review the request and,
if approved, register the employees with
Office of Continuing Education and
Training (OCET). OCET will then bill
WorkWise for half of the tuition and will
bill the employer for the other half. For
off-island companies wanting to send
their employees to the classes, they will
need to check with their local island ETF
Workforce Development office.
A Certified Tree Worker exam will
be scheduled on Kauai shortly after
the classes complete for a weekend in
September. Details are still being worked
out and the date will be posted on the
Western Chapter International Society
of Arboriculture (WCISA) website at
http://wcisa.net/events/ once confirmed.
Please note that Certified Arborists who
want to become Certified Tree Workers
only take the skills portion of the exam.
They do not have to take the written
exam.
For more information about the class-es
and for the registration application,
please visit http://info.kauaicc.hawaii.
edu/training/. Registration is by phone
or fax at this point as online registration
is not yet available.
Completing all four courses is good for
36 PLANET LICT CEUs.
Carol Kwan is the President of Carol
Kwan Consulting, a Certified Arborist, and
a Director of Aloha Arborist Association
and of WCISA.
Course Name Date(s)/Time Description Price Instructor
CTW, Part 1 8/13 & 8/15/2013, Covers basic tree anatomy and physiology; tree $375 Maureen Murphy
5 p.m. – 8 p.m. and tree planting, early care, and soil identification;
management (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 2 8/20 & 8/21/2013, Covers tree pruning concepts and techniques, $375 Maureen Murphy
5 p.m. – 8 p.m. safe work practices, tree climbing practices,
and cablingand bracing (Classroom lecture)
CTW, Part 3 8/22 & 8/23/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in climbing, $500 Kevin Eckert
8 a.m. – 5 p.m. including aerial rescue procedures and certification,
a prerequisite for taking the CTW exam
CTW, Part 4 8/24/2013, Provides hands-on, practical instruction in aerial $400 Kevin Eckert
8 a.m. – 5 p.m. lift tree care operations, including aerial rescue
procedures and certification, a prerequisite for
taking the CTW exam

13. Environmentally friendly
alternatives glyphosate
to By Christopher McCullough
Photo: Christopher McCullough
Scythe is an excellent product for controlling small weeds between turf and
groundcovers and in open area in planting beds.
Eradicating weeds with
herbicides like Roundup can
get the job done quickly,
but at a cost to the envi-ronment
and your health.
Roundup® contains glypho-sate,
a chemical that has been linked to
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and infertility,
as well as other inert ingredients that are
especially harmful to aquatic wildlife.
Chemical herbicides often leave residue
in the soil and on plants that can damage
their growth and poison people who eat
and touch them. Roundup is an herbicide
currently touted as the most effective
on the market according to advertise-ments.
The active ingredient is glyphosate
isoproplymine salt. When introduced to
a plant’s leaves, Roundup takes advantage
of the osmotic action of a plant’s vascular
system. It essentially mimics water. It is
taken into the plant’s vascular system and
passed down to the root, where it inhibits
the root from being able to make use of
water. There is an alternative to Roundup
on the market which acts differently to
achieve the same goal.
Scythe® herbicide is a fatty acid based,
non-selective, contact herbicide that uti-lizes
Pelargonic acid as its active ingredi-ent.
Formulated as a liquid, Scythe readily
mixes with water and is applied as a foliar
spray for the control of weeds and grasses.
It effectively controls both broadleaf and
grass weeds that are less than 6" height.
Visible effects on most weeds usually oc-cur
within hours.
Scythe’s mode of action kills weeds
and grasses fast. When Scythe makes
contact with a living plant, the spray
quickly penetrates green plant tissue, and
disrupts normal membrane permeability
and cellular physiology. The disruption of
the cell membrane results in cell leakage
and death of all contacted tissues. Results
are usually visible within minutes after
treatment. Scythe is an excellent product
for controlling small weeds between turf
and groundcovers and in open area in
planting beds.
The following are some other healthier
alternatives to glyphosate use:
In many cases, it's possible to remove
weeds by hand. If you’re able to keep on
top of weed flushes, regularly removing
the weed plants reduces future growth.
It’s easiest to get weeds out of the ground
when they’re small and the soil is wet.
Weeds with long taproots usually need
to be dug out since they will grow back
from the remaining piece of root. A tool
like a Hula hoe is easier on your back for
getting under the roots of weeds.
Sometimes weeds are established in
places where it’s impossible to get them
out by the roots, such as between pav-ers
or landscaping rocks. For these kinds
of weeds, hardware stores sell small,
portable propane torches. These produce
an intensely hot focused flame that burns
weeds and doesn’t damage nearby plants
when used carefully. Propane torches
have the added advantage of burning
nearby seeds as well, and they don't leave
any lasting damage to the soil. These
torches are also effective for burning leaf
debris that has fallen into rock ground-cover
areas.
Mulch or rock groundcovers are an
effective form of weed control, especially
in large areas with established weeds. Cut
down tall weeds with a mower or string
trimmer and then cover the area with a
landscaping fabric. The weeds and many
of the seeds will die from the sun’s heat,
and lack of light and oxygen. A 3-inch
layer of mulch or rock on top of the land-scape
fabric will clean up the look of the
planting area.
In showing our malama for our precious
Aina, we should not always go with the
cheap and easy fix, but look for alternatives
that can be just as effective and efficient
and yet sustainable and earth honoring
when controlling weeds in the garden.
Christopher McCullough is the President
of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion
and a Board Member of the Landscape
Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the
Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 13

14. 14 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 Protecting hawaii’s WatersBy KRISTI GRILHO
Storm Water Pollution
When people think of water pollution,
they often picture toxic wastes spilling
out from an industrial factory or sewage
treatment plant. However, people may be
surprised to learn that the biggest con-tributors
to water pollution today are not
big companies: the biggest contributors are
actually us, everyday people in our day to
day lives.
While industrial toxic wastes used to be
the biggest concern for water quality, they
have been regulated since the 1970s. Also,
since they come from a “point source” such
as pipe outlets, it’s now easier to test and
control what pollution leaves a factory and
enters our environment.
What is harder to control and is consid-ered
the greatest concern for water pollu-tion
today is called “nonpoint source” pol-lution,
or pollution that comes from many
different sources and locations. Most of
this pollution is from rain picking up any
loose materials or substances that wash off
or dissolve as they flow across the ground.
Typical examples of this sort of pollution,
also known as storm water pollution, range
from fallen leaves and other yard waste to
oil picked up from stains on the pave-ment
to cigarette butts thrown out of a car
window. We can all help to control these
things. Storm water, along with whatever
it picks up, flows along the ground and
enters a drainage system through a struc-ture
such as a catch basin or grated inlet.
The drainage system conveys storm water
— pollutants and al l— to streams, which
eventually flow into the ocean. Hawaii’s
drainage systems are completely separate
from its sewer systems, and storm water
does not go to a treatment plant before it
flows into streams.
Potential Pollutants
from Landscaping
Maintenance
Because of the kind of work involved,
certain businesses are known to produce
more potential pollutants than others.
Landscaping maintenance has been identi-fied
by the US Environmental Protection
Agency and the Hawaii State Department
of Health as one such business. Landscap-ing
activities like mowing, tree trimming,
pruning, and leaf blowing can produce
loose materials like grass clippings, tree
branches, leaves, and dirt that can easily
be transported by water. Fertilizers and
pesticides, which may also be used as a part
of landscaping activities, can wash off with
storm water. These items become water
pollutants when they are picked up by
storm water and carried by the storm drain
system into a stream or the ocean.
Such pollutants can have a big nega-tive
impact on the environment. As plant
material decomposes in water, it uses up
oxygen that aquatic life needs. Dirt, also
called sediment, can clog fish gills, cloud
water, block sunlight needed by aquatic
plants, and smother coral reefs. Excess
nutrients from green waste and fertilizers
can promote the growth of algae blooms,
which block sunlight and reduce oxygen in
water. In addition, loose plant material and
dirt can block or reduce the capacity of the
storm drain system, causing flooding.
How to Help
Whether you’re a professional or week-end
landscaper, you don’t have to be an
environmental bad guy. Remember: loose
leaves only become storm water pollutants
if they are picked up by the rain and carried
into the storm drain system. Don’t let this
happen.
Landscapers can help to prevent storm
water pollution by using best management
practices (BMPs) to control potential pol-lutants
and keep them from being washed
away. Examples of some BMPs follow
below.
ABOVE: Pollutants such as dirt and yard
waste can easily be picked up by storm
water and carried by the drainage
system into streams. RIGHT: Green
waste and fertilizers can promote the
growth of algae blooms, which block
sunlight and reduce oxygen in the water.

15. Dispose of or recycle yard waste
properly. Compost it, mulch it into fertil-izer,
or recycle it through the City. Do not
blow or toss leaves or other yard waste into
the street, storm drains, or streams. For
more information on the City’s recycling
program, see http://www.opala.org/
solid_waste/what_goes_where_table.
html#green.
2. Prevent soil, plant debris, and fallen
fruit from leaving the property by sweep-ing
up the excess material and disposing of
it properly.
3. Plan landscaping with mature plants’
effect on waterways in mind (e.g., fruit
trees over streams should be avoided since
they can result in decaying organic matter
dropping directly into the stream).
4. Consider installing green infrastruc-ture,
such as grass pavers that allow water
to infiltrate into the ground. For other
earth friendly options, see Ideas to Make
Your House Greener in the City’s Resource
Library at www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
5. Schedule mowing, trimming, plant-ing,
fertilizer applications, and other
landscaping activities when dry weather
and low winds are forecast.
6. Control soil erosion by mulching or
planting exposed soil as soon as possible.
7. Maintain and install water efficient
irrigation systems to conserve water and to
avoid overwatering.
8. Follow the instructions on chemical
packaging to avoid overuse of fertilizers
and pesticides.
9. Avoid spreading or washing fertilizers
onto the sidewalk or roads, where runoff
can easily pick up the fertilizers.
10. Practice integrated pest management
(IPM), combining limited pesticide use
with other pest control techniques to mini-mize
economic, health, and environmental
risks. For more information, see Integrated
Pest Management at http://www.ctahr.
hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/pdf/pp-05.pdf.
11. Locate stockpiles away from wa-ter
courses and drain inlets, and secure
material under tarps or plastic sheeting to
protect them from the wind or rain.
Because there are so many sources for
storm water pollution, it is much harder
to control and regulate than those pipes
spewing toxic wastes. It’s up to you, me,
and everyone in Hawaii to learn some
simple ways to reduce the risk of storm
water pollution. It may not seem that
keeping leaves from blowing into the drain
will help much, but if ten other people also
keep their bagful of leaves from floating
and decaying in the ocean, we will see that
together we can make a difference.
For more information about storm
water pollution, other suggested BMPs for
landscapers, and ways to volunteer visit the
City and County of Honolulu’s website at
www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com.
Kristi Grilho, a civil engineer for Belt
Collins Hawaii, is assisting the City and
County of Honolulu Department of Environ-mental
Services in providing targeted groups
information about how to reduce pollutants
in storm water runoff. Information included
in this article is from the City’s Storm Water
Best Management Practices for Landscape
Maintenance brochure.
PERMEABLE PAVERS MAKE PROJECTS POSSIBLE
GO GREEN WITH THE AQUAPAVE PERMEABLE ON SITE STORMWATER SOURCE CONTROL SYSTEM
WHEN IT POURS …… IT STORES
BENEFITS
 NO SLOPING REQUIRED
 INFILTRATES UP TO 354 INCHES OF RUNOFF AN
HOUR
 ROOF WATER MANAGEMENT
 GROUNDWATER TABLE RECHARGING
 WATER HARVESTING
 OIL CONTAMINATES MANAGEMENT
 FILTERING & TREATMENT OF POLLUTANTS
 LOWER CONSTRUCTION & LIFE CYCLE COSTS
 30-40 YEAR LIFESPAN
 SLIP AND SKID RESISTANT
 UP TO 12 LEED POINTS
 GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
 CONSIDERED A BMP
 COMPLIES WITH NPDES
 PAVERS CAN BE ENGRAVED FOR FUNDRAISING
APPLICATIONS
 PARKING LOTS
 RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS
 COMMERCIAL ENTRANCES
 SIDEWALKS
 PLAZAS
 LOW SPEED RESIDENTIAL ROADS
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT
FUTURA STONE OF HAWAII
WWW.FUTURASTONEHAWAII.COM
841-7433 C23741
1. THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 15

16. 16 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JULY | AUGUST 2013 LID PROJECT By MARK MOELLER
Low impact development solutions systems used in Hawaii
There are two fundamental
Photos: MARK MOELLER
ABOVE: The low-height SC-310 and SC-740
chambers manufactured by StormTech allowed
for installation in high water table areas. The
chambers are lightweight and can easily be carried
and installed by two workers. RIGHT: The Windward
Community College projects incorporated ADS
WQUs (left side) to clean the sediments and oils/
greases from storm water flows.
aspects to storm wa-ter
management when
developing and improving
project sights. Both water
quality and water quantity
aspects of increased flows from developed
sites must be addressed. A simple inter-pretation
of Low Impact Development
(LID) requirements would be to ensure
the post-development quality and quan-tity
of storm water is equal to or better
than the pre-developed condition.
Water Quality
Normally, water quality is addressed
before the quantity (storage) in a managed
system. This allows for improved perfor-mance
and minimized maintenance of
the storage system. Current trends in wa-ter
quality reflect a preference for “natu-ral”
systems such as infiltration beds, bio-swales,
and rain gardens. The challenges
with these systems include the need for
greater space and poor performance
and maintenance histories. Secondary
water quality systems that will effectively
trap silts, sediments, and hydrocarbons,
should these systems fail, should be incor-porated
into long-term designs.
Water Quantity
The treated storm water then needs
to be retained (infiltrated) or detained
(held on site for controlled release or
use). Chamber systems, like those manu-factured
by StormTech, are the most
economical solution for quantity manage-ment.
The chambers stack efficiently on
pallets and significantly reduce shipping
costs to the Islands and have minimal
space requirements on the project site.
The open chamber bottom provides for
effective infiltration. If a detention (non-infiltrating)
system is desired, the use of a
thermoplastic liner is an effective means
for eliminating infiltration. Although infil-tration
systems are preferred and the most
common as they recharge the ground wa-ter
supply, there are reasons a liner might
be necessary such as the presence of clays
or the proximity to slopes and walls.
Often the only space available for
underground storage is under parking
areas on the site. StormTech chambers are
designed to meet all ASTM and AASHTO
traffic rated uses.
Hawaii LID projects
The Joint POW/MIA Accounting Com-mand
(JPAC) project on Hickam AFB
(CNIC and NAVFAC) used over 3,000
chambers to address site storm water
management needs. The site had a high
water table condition so smaller cham-bers
were used in the design.
Smaller chambers were also used on the
Maui Community College Science Build-ing
project. The project is certified LEED
Gold and also incorporated a water quali-ty
unit (WQU) on the inlet side to address
water quality requirements. According to
Todd MacFarlane, the installing contrac-tor
with F&H Construction, “StormTech
not only has a very good product, their
support and field communication is excel-lent.
The ease of installation and quality
of their support makes for a very produc-tive
and profitable installation. It was a
pleasure to work with their team.”
Three beds of the larger MC-3500 cham-bers
were installed on the Windward Com-munity
College project. To address the
water quality needs of the sites, ADS water
quality units (WQUs) were installed on the
upstream end of the systems. Inspected
a year after installation, the WQUs were
performing very well and the anticipated
maintenance interval is over 10 years.
The challenges of meeting LID require-ments
to ensure post-development water
quality and quantities are comparable to
pre-development conditions can be dif-ficult
for engineers in itself. Meeting these
requirements on the Islands can add to
the difficulty with shipping costs and geo-logic
considerations. Dozens of project
sites in Hawaii, however, have met these
requirements using StormTech chambers
and ADS water quality systems.
Mark Moeller, PE, is an Engineering
Manager for Advanced Drainage Systems.

17. MAUNALUA BAY
RESTORATION By RAE DeCOITO
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Photos: courtesy of Malama Maunalua
Curb inlet filter installed at Koko Marina Center reduce pollutants from parking
lots before they can enter Maunalua Bay.
Hawaiiscape.com 17
Malama Maunalua
Constructs Best
Practices models
for Bay Restoration
Mobilizing more than
100 community
volunteers, Malama
Maunalua this
summer completed
construction of two
Healthy Watershed Demonstration Sites
at Koko Head District Park and Koko
Marina Center in East Honolulu to en-courage
residents and businesses to help
reduce sediment and pollutants that run
into Maunalua Bay.
The project organized by Malama Mau-nalua
supports the restoration of the Bay,
a biological and cultural treasure of Ha-waii
that is recognized as one of the most
heavily impacted and overfished marine
systems in the main Hawaiian Islands.
In simpler times, Maunalua Bay was
abundant with fish and coral, inland
fishponds and farms and people who lived
off and cared for the lands and the waters.
Hawaii’s volcanic rocks would provide
a natural filtration of water runoff for
clean, pure water for our Bays and for our
people.
As more roads, driveways, parking
lots, buildings, and homes have replaced
the natural vegetation of Hawai‘i, the
amount of runoff increases. Water cannot
penetrate impervious surfaces such as
concrete, asphalt, stone, metal, rooftops,
and soils compacted by urban develop-ment
and water flows into storm drains
instead of soaking into the ground.
Sediments also harbor nutrients that
cause invasive algae to grow uncontrol-lably.
Coral and native algae are easily
smothered and outcompeted by the fast-growing
invasive algae. Pollutants such
as fertilizers, pesticides, and automobile
fluids are absorbed by the coral, which
further stresses these organisms.
A watershed is a basin area that collects
rainfall and drains it into the Bay. Rain
gardens keep our watershed healthy by
holding and soaking in rain water runoff
to remove sediment and pollution and to
allow more water to soak into the ground.
Rain gardens take advantage of rainfall
and storm water runoff in their design
and plant selection.
The rain garden constructed at Koko
Head District Park in May included grad-ing
to create a place where runoff can
temporarily pond and soak into the earth
so that heavy metals, dirt and pollution
can be filtered instead of running unfil-tered
through the storm-drain system
into the bay, and plantings with native
plants and groundcover to reduce water
needs, filter runoff and prevent erosion.
June marked the grand opening of an-other
Healthy Watershed Demonstration
Project at Koko Marina Shopping Center.
Visitors can take self-guided tours of six
installations highlighting both actions
that can be taken in one’s own home as
well as options available to public and
commercial areas to make “Bay-friendly”
choices.
The tour includes three kinds of storm
drain and downspout filters that capture
everything from heavy metals, oils and
grease, to dirt, foliage and litter before
they can enter the Bay. Curb inlet filter
skimmer baskets, a box inlet grate filter,
and a downspout filter help to reduce a
variety of pollutants and storm water dis-charge
from parking lots. This technology
is used to treat commercial and industrial
rooftops along with high-rise buildings,
parking structures and residential build-ings.
A nearby rain garden features soil mi-croorganisms
and plant roots that capture
and break down pollutants - landscaped
area that captures runoff from an imper-vious
surface and allows water to soak
into the ground. Soil microorganisms
and plant roots capture and break down
pollutants, while the now cleaned water
soaks further into the water table below.
Existing Bougainvillea hedge at the
shopping center was replaced with na-tive
‘A‘ali‘i which is also a very drought
tolerant plant. Below the ‘A‘ali‘i, another
See MALAMA on page 23

18. 18 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 LOW IMPACT
During my 30 plus years
as a gardener, landscap-er
and horticulturist in
Hawaii, I have applied
my fair share of agricul-tural
chemicals. I recall
early in my career the uneasy feelings I
felt applying chemicals such as Malathion,
Sevin and a host of other toxins. I never
liked the odor, the required personal
protective equipment (hot in that stuff)
and the drift on me the applicator and on
untargeted items. I often felt guilty about
my negative impact on our natural envi-ronment,
and would regret accidentally
spraying a Bee, Ladybug, Praying Mantis,
Chameleon or Gecko, knowing that they
were beneficial in my battle with the bugs
and knowing we should honor all living
things.
I also was concerned about and feared
the long-term effect of these agricultural
chemicals on my health and of those
exposed to them as a result of my apply-ing
them. Pesticides can cause acute and
delayed health effects in workers exposed
to them. Pesticide exposure may cause a
variety of adverse health effects, ranging
from simple irritation of the skin and eyes
to more severe effects such as negatively
affecting the nervous system, reproduc-tive
problems, and cancer. A 2007 study
found that “most studies on non-Hodgkin
lymphoma and leukemia showed positive
associations with pesticide exposure” and
thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesti-cides
should be decreased. The American
Medical Association has recommended
limiting exposure to pesticides and using
safer alternatives.
Pesticide use also raises a number of
environmental concerns. 98% of sprayed
insecticides and 95% of herbicides reach
a destination other than their target
species, including non-target species, air,
water and soil. Pesticide drift often occurs
when pesticides are carried by wind to
other areas, potentially contaminating
them. Pesticides are one of the causes of
water pollution, and some pesticides con-tribute
to soil contamination. In addition,
pesticide use reduces biodiversity, reduces
nitrogen fixing, contributes to pollinator
decline, destroys habitat (especially for
birds), and threatens endangered species.
Pests often develop a resistance to the
pesticide, necessitating a new pesticide.
It was because of this fear of long term
negative exposure effects and my desire to
honor the ‘Aina that I began to research
and develop a program that I could feel
good about, which I knew would have
the least negative impact on our environ-ment.
The following is an Integrated Pest
Management program that I now utilize,
teach and advise to my friends in the
Green Industry. These recommended ag-ricultural
chemicals have an Environmen-tal
Impact Quota (EIQ) listed with each
chemical. EIQ is a method to measure
the environmental impact of pesticides.
This method was developed by Cornell
University and takes into account dermal
toxicity, chronic toxicity, systemicity, fish
toxicity, leaching potential, surface loss
potential, bird toxicity, soil half-life, bee
toxicity, beneficial arthropod toxicity, and
plant surface half-life.
A lower EIQ number indicates less
potential damage to our precious ‘Aina. I
try to utilize agricultural chemicals with
an EIQ of 30 or less. For more informa-tion
on EIQ, please see the Cornell EIQ
website www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publica-tions/
eiq
Insecticides
■■ AZATROL – LIQUID APPLICA-TION
RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Azadirachtin EIQ 12
(OMRI listed)
For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly,
Scale And Mites
■■ CONSERVE SC – LIQUID APPLI-CATION
RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Spinosad EIQ 14
For control of Thrips, foliage feeding
larvae
■■ DISTANCE – LIQUID APPLICA-TION
RATE: 0.1 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Pyriproxyfen EIQ 15
For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, And
Whitefly
■■ DIPEL – WETTABLE POWDER
APPLICATION RATE: 2 TSP. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Bacillus Thuringiensis
EIQ 15
For control of chewing type insects
(Looper Larvae, Japanese Beetle and
caterpillars)
“Green” agricultural
chemical alternatives
that work
By CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Photos: CHRISTOPHER McCULLOUGH
Would choose a golf course more often if they used low impact agricultural chemicals?

19. ■■ M-PEDE – LIQUID APPLICATION
RATE: 1 OZ - 2.5 OZ. PER GALLON (use
lower rate in times of high humidity)
Active ingredient: Potassium salts of fatty
acids EIQ 20
For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, Whitefly
■■ EVERGREEN – LIQUID APPLICA-TION
RATE: 2 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Pyrethrin 6% Piperonyl
Butoxide 60% EIQ 21
For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly
(Caution, can be harmful to predatory
insects)
■■ ULTRA FINE OIL APPLICATION
RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Paraffinic Oil EIQ 30
For control of Aphids, Mealybugs, White-fly,
Soft Scale, Sooty Mold
Molluscicides
■■ DEADLINE – GRANULES APPLI-CATION
RATE: ½ to 2 LB. PER 1,000
SQ. FT.
Active ingredient: Metaldehyde EIQ 12
For control of Snails And Slugs
Herbicides
■■ SCYTHE – LIQUID APPLICATION
RATE: 4 - 8 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Pelargonic Acid EIQ 17
For control of all grasses and broadleaf
weeds (this product is a fatty acid based
non-selective, contact herbicide. Effective
on weeds 6 inches and smaller
■■ SEDGE HAMMER – LIQUID
APPLICATION RATE: 0.9 GRAM PER
GALLON
Active ingredient: Halosulfuron-Methyl
EIQ 20
For control of sedges (Kylinga, Yellow And
Purple Nut Sedge)
■■ TRIMEC SOUTHERN – LIQUID
APPLICATION RATE: 1 OZ. PER GALLON
Active ingredients: Dimethylamine Salt of
Propionic Acid 17%, Dimethylamine Salt
of Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 19%, Di-methylamine
Salt of Dicamba 4% EIQ 18
For control of broadleaf weeds in turf
Fungicides
■■ HERITAGE – WETTABLE POW-DER
APPLICATION RATE: 0.02 OZ.
PER GALLON
Active ingredient: Azoxystrobin EIQ 27
Long-lasting broad-spectrum preventa-tive
fungicide
As with all agricultural chemicals fol-low
label instructions and wear personal
protective equipment (although you will
find with the above chemicals you will
be required to wear less PPE, a distinct
advantage when working in warm and
humid Hawaii). Through my experience I
have found these products to be efficient,
effective and affordable. My clients love
the fact that there landscape is being
maintained in a “green way”. It is safer for
the applicator, clients and their children
and pets, beneficial insects, birds and
fish in the garden. In my mind the “green
way’ is the best way. I now know that I
am doing all I can to respect our environ-ment
and be conscious of all living things
(except in eliminating the buggers, but
balance in all things). Try these low im-pact
agricultural chemicals if you are not
already utilizing them, I am certain you
see good results and know that you’re
doing your part to be “green” as well.
Christopher McCullough is the President
of the Hawaii Island Landscape Associa-tion
and a Board Member of the Landscape
Industry Council of Hawaii, as well as the
Head Horticulturist for DFI Resources LLC.
EKO Compost is made in Hawaii. It’s an integral part of the
islands’ ecosystem. It’s also one of the Founding Members of the
U.S. Composting Council’s Seal of Testing Assurance Program.
You can find EKO Compost at :
Maui EKO’s Plant
Central Maui Landfill - Pulehu Rd. Puunene
808-572-8844
Hawaii Grower Products
Maui , Lanai & Molokai: 808-877-6636
Big Island: 808-326-7555
Pacific Agricultural Sales & Service
Oahu & Kauai: 808-682-5113
M a de
O n
M a u i
COMPO STIN G
USC O U N C I L
Seal of Testing Assurance rubens.mauieko@gmail.com
Puunene, Maui
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 19

20. DIRTY
T20 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JULY | AUGUST 2013 THEBy ALLAN SCHILDKNECHT SECRET
o properly program an
irrigation controller,
especially with “smart
controllers” you need to
know several important
factors. These include the
evapotranspiration (ET) rate of the area,
the plant type, the soil type, slope, the
precipitation rate of the emitter (sprinkler
or drip) and the efficiency of that emitter
component.
We’ve talked about ET in the past and
in the past, which has been difficult to ob-tain
for Hawaii. The good news is that the
old Pan Evaporation Report R74 (1894-
1983) is now available on line at http://
hawaii.gov/dlnr/cwrm/publishedreports/
R74_PanEvap.pdf and an up-dated study
is scheduled to be available on line later
this year that will be interactive. When
released, this data will be similar to the
excellent interactive rainfall data current-ly
on-line at http://rainfall.geography.ha-waii.
edu/interactivemap.html while over
due, these are proving to be great tools for
every landscape designer in Hawaii.
The exact water demands of the various
plant material in Hawaii is still an issue
that needs to be refined, but the ASABE
(American Society of Agricultural and
Biological Engineers) along with numer-ous
private and public studies are doing
more research in landscape plants and is
also scheduled for release later this year.
Fortunately, soils and slope conditions
have been studied for centuries and we
have a good grasp on how irrigation inter-acts
with the various soil types and slopes.
On-going studies will only enhance our
knowledge of these factors.
The precipitation rate (Pr) of sprinklers
can be calculated using the formula Pr
= 96.3 x Gallons per minute (GPM)/Area
for any type of emitter. Manufacturers
have also listed the precipitation rate of
their equipment in catalogs for over 50
Rotors had been the most efficient sprinkler for decades, but now the other sprinklers
are catching up.
years, however this information should
be used with caution. They usually list the
precipitation rate using exact head-to-head
coverage with square or triangular
spacing. In the field however it’s rare that
you actually end up with spacing that
precise? Using the formula noted above
is the preferred method to calculate the
precipitation rate in any design.
Example: At precise head to head
triangular spacing a 5 GPM rotor at 30’
triangular spacing has a precipitation rate
of 0.618”/hour. However, if the same sprin-kler
is spaced at 30’ x 32’ the precipitation
rate decreases to 0.546”/hour, or 12% less.
Perhaps the least known factor is
the irrigation efficiency of the various
sprinkler types. For decades, this has been
the dirty secret that many manufacturers
didn’t publish. In the early 1990’s the golf
industry started to demand this informa-tion
and we started seeing testing done by
both the manufacturers and independent
agencies primarily for golf equipment. As
a result, we saw golf rotors improve from
60% or less to the mid-80% level by the
late 1990’s. Today, most landscape rotors
operate in the 65 to 75%.
Smaller landscape turf rotors also
improved over time and the indepen-dent
testing was expanded to include
these components by the late 1990’s. As
a result, we saw manufacturers quickly
discontinue inefficient models in favor of
sprinklers with higher efficiencies.
However spray nozzles had been the
one area where little had been done
to improve the efficiency. For years
these remained in the 45 to 55% range
and despite being the most commonly
used component in any system, no one
called for changes. About 10 years ago, a
little-known company called Walla Walla
invented the now famous MP Rotator
nozzle, which suddenly improved the
short-radius nozzle to the 80% range.

21. The following is a summary of average efficiency for various
sprinkler components used in today’s landscapes;
Component Type Estimated Average
(General) Efficiency
Drip Irrigation installed at 85% to 90%
grade or below mulch
Rotator Type Nozzles 75% to 80%
(MP Rotator or equal)
Precision or HE Van Nozzles 70% to 75%
U-Series Nozzles or Equal 65% to 70%
Conventional Spray Nozzles 45% to 60%
Rotors (PGP, 5500, etc.) 70% to 85%
Athletic and Golf type Rotors 85% to 90%
Note: Efficiency is industry averages only and could vary on a case-by-case
basis.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
• Specimen Trees in Boxes
• Fruiting Trees
• Palms
• Topiaries
• everything else
in Kona
329-5702
Hawaiiscape.com 21
Originally designed for the agriculture market, it had a limita-tion
of a minimum a 20’ radius. Since then, Hunter purchased
the copyright and they have since expanded these to include
a range from 10’ to 35’. At the same time, Rain Bird, Toro and a
host of others have come up with similar nozzles with similar
efficiencies.
A few years later, Rain Bird started making some improve-ments
to their spray nozzles, to include the U-Series nozzles,
which improved the short range (5’ to 15’ radius) nozzles into
the 70% efficiency range. Then two years ago, Toro brought
out an even more efficient nozzle with their precision series
nozzles, which operate at up to 80% efficiency, and in recent
months Rain Bird introduced their new HE VAN series high
efficiency nozzles with similar efficiency.
Typically drip irrigation is generally considered to be 85 to
95% efficient, but it is critical that it be installed properly to
obtain this efficiency. We’ve seen too many drip systems prove
to be very inefficient due to careless installation. Spacing and
depth of cover needs to be uniform. When installed below
the root zone, especially in well-drained soils, very little water
moves upwards to feed the roots. Ideally drip will be installed
on-grade and covered with mulch to obtain optimum efficiency. Love it or hate it, water conservation or sustainability pro-grams
such as LEED, WaterSense and other are catching on
and are placing a greater demand on manufacturers to provide
even higher efficiencies in emitter performance. This will prove
to be a huge benefit not only in water conservation, but will
also improve the conditions of our landscapes in the future.
Mr. Schildknecht has worked in the field of landscape and
golf irrigation design and consultation for more than 42 years.
Almost 30 of those years were spent as an independent irriga-tion
consulting working with clients on numerous projects
throughout the United States and 27 different countries
around the world.
Recognizing the need for increased water conservation, Mr.
Schildknecht has recently joined the Water Conservation team at
Pacific Pipe, Co in Pearl City as Business Development Manager, in
order to work closer with the architects, contractors and end users
within Hawaii.

22. 22 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 YELLOW
PITAYA: THE BEST FRUIT YOU'VE NEVER HAD
The Yellow Pitaya, Seleni-cereus
megalanthus, an
uncommon relative of
the better-known Dragon
fruit (Hylocereus spp.), may
be one of the best-kept
secrets in the world of tropical fruit. Origi-nating
in the forests of Tropical America,
both the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus
are known as hemiepiphytes, vining cacti
which naturally grow on trees and rocks,
absorbing water via both roots anchored
in the ground and adventitious roots that
develop along their slender ribbed stems
and attach to natural supports. Edible
fruits of several Hylocereus species and
Selenicereus megalanthus are all known in
Latin America as either “pitaya” or “pi-tahaya.”
In the U.S. the term Dragon Fruit
is typically used to describe the bright
red and pink Hylocereus fruits which are
becoming ever more common, while the
yellow-skinned S. megalanthus remains
relatively unknown and is locally referred
to as Yellow Pitaya to differentiate it from
the Dragon Fruits.
Yellow Pitaya is originally native to
Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. The
fruit is technically an oblong berry that
can grow to about 4 inches long, with a
yellow peel bearing thorns (unlike Dragon
Fruits) that are shed and easily brushed
off when ripe. Dragon Fruits, most
common being the white fleshed
Hylocereus undatus, may be excit-ing
to look at with their brightly
colored reddish pink flaming
exterior, but if you’re like me
you might find the bland
flavor of the pulp to be quite
underwhelming, especially
compared to the appear-ance
of the exterior. Yellow
Pitaya, on the other hand, is
amazing in comparison. The
bluish-white pulp within is
semi-translucent, juicy and
very sweet with numerous
small edible black seeds. It re-minds
me of eating the best Kiwi
Fruit that I’ve ever had, minus the tartness,
and a lot juicier. The flavor is sublime and
has a wide appeal that just about anyone
can appreciate.
There has been considerable confu-sion
concerning the taxonomy of this very
special cactus. In 1909 Nathaniel Britton
and Joseph Rose described the genus Sele-nicereus,
deriving the name from the Greek
moon goddess, Selene, referring to the
night-blooming flowers. Selenicereus, along
with Epiphyllum, Hylocereus, and Weberocer-eus
together make up a group of mostly epi-phytic
vining cacti collectively know as the
Night-Blooming Hylocereoid Cacti. The
genus Selenicereus consists of about 20 to 30
species depending on whose taxonomy you
trust, but we are concerned only with the
unique S. megalanthus, which has quite a
distinct taxonomic history of its own.
First described in 1913 as Cereus mega-lanthus
K. Schumann ex Vaupel, it was
subsequently recognized that the species
bore morphological traits reminiscent
of both Hylocereus species and Selenice-reus
species and reclassified by Britton
and Rose (1920) into a new genus named
Mediocactus, implying an intermediate
morphological and taxonomic status. In
1953 the Yellow Pitaya became Selenicereus
megalanthus (K. Schum. exVaupel) Moran,
which is today the most commonly ac-cepted
botanical name (although genetic
and cytological studies have shown that
it was in fact produced originally through
the result of natural intergeneric hybrid-ization
between a wild Hylocereus species
and Selenicereus species).
Currently Colombia is the world’s
primary commercial producer of Yellow
Pitaya, where it has been grown since the
early 1980s. The fruits are exported mainly
to France, Holland, and Spain, but also to
Japan, Germany, Switzerland, UK, and Bra-zil.
In Colombia the production of Yellow
Pitaya takes place mostly by coffee grow-ers
at altitudes between 1,490 meters and
1,700 meters, although it can also be found
at some lower elevations as well. During
the 1990s several pioneering Israeli research-ers
low hanging
FRUIT
ADAM M. WILLIAMS

23. began studies on different Hylocerioid
cacti cultivation with the aim of develop-ing
an Israeli export market for cactus
fruits. Because the Yelow Pitaya had been
previously cultivated almost exclusively in
Colombia, not much information existed
on growing requirements outside of the
country. They found that growing Yellow
Pitaya in the Negev desert of Israel requires
up to 60% shade to produce optimal
results, far more than needed for similarly
tested Hylocereus species.
As with all hylocereoid cacti, S. megalan-thus
has hermaphroditic, nocturnal flow-ers
up to 12 inches long, and under natural
growing conditions Yellow Pitaya flowers
are pollinated by bats and hawkmoths.
Day length has no effect on flowering
and reproductive flushes seem to appear
throughout the year depending on eleva-tion
and weather. Flowers open for only
one night, beginning to open just before
sunset, are fully open by sunset, then be-gin
to close a little after sunrise, being fully
closed by midday. Unlike many Hylocereus
species, the upper part of the anthers are
at the same height as the stigma, touching
it when the flowers are closed resulting in
automatic self-pollination, though mul-tiple
studies and observations have shown
that cross pollination or hand self-polli-nation
produces fruits which are about
twice the size compared to automatic
self-pollination. Thus, even though Yellow
Pitaya is self-compatible, in the absence of
good pollinators, the flowers can be hand
pollinated for larger seed set and resulting
larger fruits.
Yellow Pitaya was first introduced to
Hawai‘i through UH by Dr. Richard Ham-ilton
in 1986. Today it is still grown by
very few people in the state commercially.
Although the possibility for it to escape
cultivation exists (e.g. naturalize), this has
never been reported as happening, unlike
some of the Hylocereus species. Nonethe-less,
plants should be watched and pre-vented
from growing uncontrolled into
natural areas nearby. On O‘ahu, Frankie’s
Nursery (259-8737) in Waimanalo sells
rooted cuttings and fruit, and has it
growing on chainlink fence in a few areas
of his property. On Hawai‘i Island it is
cultivated by several growers, including
at Ninole Orchard on the Hamakua coast
around 500 feet in altitude. That grower
utilizes parallel rows of hogwire fence
similar to how grapes are grown, and the
plants thrive even with average rainfall
of over 140 inches a year. Over in the S.
Kona area around 1000 feet in elevation,
Ken Love (ken@mycoffee.net) grows his
plants along rock walls and finds that,
like with many orchids, the Yellow Pitaya
flourishes when left alone. Fruits and
cuttings are offered at the Kona farmer’s
market. Lastly, Brad Hunter (936-3433),
also in S. Kona, is growing Yellow Pitaya
along with many other Hylocereoid
cacti and, most exciting of all, has been
breeding and crossing them for years to
produce new cultivars and hybrids. He
sells both cuttings and fruit at the Keahou
farmer’s market every Saturday.
With its low water requirements, deli-cious
flavor, and long harvest season,
Yellow Pitaya could be the next big thing
in Hawai‘i, but only time will tell if this
promising fruit will become a familiar
addition to the Hawaiian fruit repertoire,
and not just another “ultra-exotic” rare
obscurity.
Adam M. Williams is an avid gardener,
native plant advocate, and tropical fruit
enthusiast.
MALAMA MIDPAC
Continued from page 17 Continued from page 11
drought tolerant native ground cover
Akulikuli was planted to help retain soil
during rain storms. Once established,
these plants would not need to be wa-tered
except in cases of severe drought.
These best practices projects are
part of a $59,000 grant from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to
help restore urban waters, support
community revitalization and pro-tect
community health. EPA’s Urban
Waters program supports the goals and
principles of the Urban Waters Federal
Partnership, a partnership of 12 federal
agencies working to reconnect urban
communities with their waterways.
The health and ecology of Maunalua
Bay in Hawaii Kai has been severely im-pacted
by the effects of urban develop-ment
and population growth during the
last 50 years. The goal of the Malama
Maunalua project is to reduce polluted
runoff to Maunalua Bay from more
than 20,000 households and six major
commercial centers in the region by
increasing awareness and influence the
behavior of residents, visitors and bay
and cosponsored by Hawaii County De-partment
of Research and Development,
the Hawaii Department of Agriculture,
and the University of Hawaii at Manoa,
College of Tropical Agriculture & Human
Resources (CTAHR) and CTAHR Coop-erative
Extension Service and the United
States Department of Agriculture.
We do hope that many of you who are
active in the Hawaii floriculture industry
can attend this educational and beautiful
event where the center of discussion is the
many flowers, plants, and personalities
that make our industry what it is today.
You may view the full schedule of events
and register on our website, www.hena.
org or contact the HENA office at info@
hena.org or 808-969-2088 phone & fax.
Robert Stearns is owner/operator of
Leilani Palms and Foliage, specializing in
Falcifera palms. He is past President and
currently sits on the Board of the Hawaii
Export Nursery Association (HENA). He also
is a Director for the Hawaii Floriculture and
Nursery Association (HFNA).
users about the threats to the bay and
the need for restoration.
Community partners such as the City
& County of Honolulu and dozens of
volunteers have been instrumental in
making these projects a reality. Malama
Maunalua also enjoys the support of
more than 5,000 community members
and students who have participated
in the organization’s The Great Huki
cleanup of invasive alien algae in the Bay
and watershed management activities
over the past five years.
Mālama Maunalua is a 501(c)(3)
community-based non-profit steward-ship
organization created to conserve
and restore a healthy and productive
Maunalua Bay by informing, engaging
and empowering the community and by
forming strong partnerships. The Mau-nalua
region is in urban Southeast O‘ahu
stretching from Koko Head (Kawaihoa)
to Black Point (Kupikipiki‘o) and to the
summit of the Ko‘olau Mountains. The
region is approximately 28 square miles
in size and has nearly eight miles of
shoreline fronting Maunalua Bay.
Rae DeCoito is the Executive Director of
Malama Maunalua.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 23

24. HALA THREATENED BY
SCALE INSECT
pest
COLUMN
24 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 Photos: Mach Fukada
ABOVE: Hala tree infested by Hala
scale. RIGHT: Hala scales magnified.
Hala (Pandanus tectori-us)
is a native Hawaiian
tree with important
cultural uses and is
planted extensively for
its distinctive appear-ance
and heartiness. Hawaiians utilized
most parts of the plants including the
edible fruits. The long, sturdy leaves (Lau-hala)
are used throughout the Pacific for
traditional weaving, a practice still carried
out in Hawai‘i. The fruits are also used in
lei making.
The tree grows naturally in coastal and
lowland wet forests at elevations up to
2000 feet. Intact stands of Hala forest
can be seen in the Hana area of Maui and
Puna on the Big Island where it forms the
forest canopy with ‘ōhi‘a. Hala is such an
important tree in Hawai‘i that it was used
in the original territorial forestry badge.
Its spiral leaf arrangement, unique prop
root system, striking male and female
flowers, and pineapple-like fruits make
it a particularly attractive landscaping
plant. The tree is salt, wind, and drought
tolerant and requires little maintenance
aside from removing fallen leaves and
fruits. There are several varieties of the
native species, which is quite variable, and
additional species such as variegated and
thornless species have also been intro-duced
to Hawai‘i.
Unfortunately, a new pest was found
in 1995 on Maui’s Hana coast threatening
the health of Hala, as well as its cultural
uses. The scale insect (Thysanococcus
pandani) infests leaves making them
sickly yellow and can be found on differ-ent
parts of the plant. Damage to leaves
makes them unsuitable for weaving.
Traditional gathering sites on Maui have
been so widely infested that weavers must
seek out remote stands occurring in up-land
valleys in order to find healthy leaves
for weaving.
Systemic insecticide treatments were
found to be ineffective at controlling
the Hala scale. This is likely due to the
physiology of Hala not being conducive
to chemical transport. Although some
individuals appear to be less damaged
than others, all of the Hawaiian varieties
are susceptible to infestation, with some
of the introduced species having more
resistance.
Hawai‘i Department of Agriculture’s
Plant Pest Control Branch recently added
the Hala scale to its list of targets for
biological control and will be looking for
natural enemies of the scale in Indonesia
where the scale originated. If candidates
for controlling Hala scale are found,
they’ll be closely studied to determine
suitability for introduction into Hawai‘i.
Without such biological control, it is un-likely
that damaged Hala populations will
recover to their previous vigor.
To date, the Hala scale has only been
found occurring on Maui. Although the
scales are small and require magnification
to be observed and identified, the leaf
damage can alert landscapers to possible
scale presence. Any detections of this
pest outside of Maui should be reported
promptly to Department of Agriculture
on the state pest hotline (643-PEST) or
online at reportapest.org. The State also
asks that people refrain from moving
Hala plants and plant parts (including
Lauhala woven items) from Maui to
prevent the scale from spreading to other
islands.
Rob Hauff is a forester for the Depart-ment
of Land and Natural Resources, Divi-sion
of Forestry and Wildlife and works to
protect Hawai‘i from forest pests.
ROB HAUFF

25. turf
COLUMN
ZHIQIANG CHENG, Ph.D.
The overall goal of turf-grass
management is to
BRIEFINTRO ON
TURFGRASS
IPM (PART 1) ARE
produce healthy turf.
Healthy turf could result
in the best possible qual-ity
under a given set of
growing conditions. In addition, healthy
turf usually relies less on fertilizers and
pesticides to achieve the desired quality.
Traditional turf management often times
relies on routine, usually calendar-based,
applications of fertilizers and pesticides.
Although many studies have shown
that chemicals properly applied on turf
areas pose insignificant environmental
concerns (there are still debating on
these though), turfgrass integrated pest
management (IPM) programs are becom-ing
popular.
A good IPM definition comes from Dr.
Vic Gibeault and colleagues at University
of California, Riverside. They defined IPM
as "multiple tactics used in a compatible
manner in order to maintain pest popula-tions
below levels that cause economic
or unacceptable aesthetic injury without
posing a hazard to humans, domestic
animals, or other non-target life forms."
There are three key elements in turfgrass
(in fact, any) IPM program: threshold
setup; monitoring; and integration of
various management methods. IPM
usually does not aim to totally eliminate
pests, but rather to maintain pest popula-tions
at tolerable levels. IPM programs are
applicable in almost all turfgrass growing
systems, but are probably most effective
in areas where professionals are on site
and able to monitor turfgrass frequently,
as well as establish realistic thresholds
and quality expectations.
I summarized the major components
of a turf IPM program in Figure 1. I will
briefly discuss some components below in
Part I, and will continue discussing more
components in Part II which will be in the
next issue of Landscape Hawaii.
Establishment. Proper soil manage-ment
is important. The best time to
make major soil modifications is at
establishment. A properly prepared
planting bed meets the growth demands
of turf. Incorporate amendments based
on soil test recommendations to provide
the best possible turfgrass growing con-ditions.
If interested, please see further
reading (Cheng and Grewal, 2009).
Turfgrass selection. Turfgrass cultivars
are types of a grass species selected for
specific characteristics such as disease
resistance, tolerance of unusual environ-ments,
or appearance. To reduce overall
turfgrass disease potential and provide
tolerance to varied sites, plant blends
(combinations of two or more cultivars
of the same species) are often times used.
It is also worthwhile to recognize the
advantages of endophytic turfgrasses.
However, no warm-season turfgrass spe-cies
has been discovered to be associated
with beneficial endophytes.
Cultural practices. Proper lawn care is
probably the most effective IPM method
to manage pests and enhance turf qual-ity.
Mowing, irrigation, fertilization, and
cultivating could be combined to reduce
weed, insect, disease, and other prob-lems,
as well as to produce turf of high
quality. Usually the taller the grass and
the denser the canopy, the greater the in-terception
of sunlight. By keeping the soil
shaded, weeds are less likely to germi-nate
and survive. Too much or too little
water could incur pest problems. But in
general, deep and infrequent irrigation
is better because shallow and frequent
watering promotes shallow rooting.
Excessive nitrogen fertilizer could stimu-late
fungal diseases; as well as result in
weak grass blades that are susceptible to
insect attack. Therefore, only the levels
of nutrients needed (based on soil tests)
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identity herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission. See GRASS on page 27
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 25

26. 26 LANDACEPS HAAIIW JULY | AUGUST 2013 DISPOSABLE
LANDSCAPES
As a researcher and oc-casional
teacher of tree
biology and care, I’ve seen
the landscape and tree
care industry recently ex-plode
with how-to guides,
commercial workshops, and proprietary
products. These new products and ser-vices
are superimposed over the folklore
and tradition of old-time tree care. Some
tree-care professionals jump onto the
latest article or tradeshow demonstration
as “the thing” while others work proudly
within the boundaries of what dad or
granddad did.
Whether we are a traditionalist or on
the cutting edge of landscape care, we
need to take a deep breath and think
about what we are trying to achieve,
before we select a specific treatment or
practice for tree care. We should mea-sure
that treatment or practice against
what we know about the tree system. I
say “system” because the recent years of
Modern Arboriculture (Shigo 1991) have
demonstrated the value of seeing trees
as responsive, integrated organisms and
landscapes as living communities. To pick
a few common treatments and practices,
what are we trying to achieve when we
plant, fertilize, or apply pesticides? A glib
yet honest answer might be “to make
some money and stay in business”. That’s
fair, but do we view our business as sup-plying
short-term fixes or as investments
towards future veteran trees in keystone
landscapes that will be cherished as future
treasures? Most of us can be responsible
for some of each. There is plenty of
responsibility to share, from the propaga-tion
of sound nursery stock to sustain-able
landscape design, implementation,
maintenance, and renewal. Many of the
real problems in tree care result from sim-ply
not being responsive to the biological
needs of trees and landscapes. These are
not just abstractions! I continue to see
fast-growing, potentially tall trees planted
beneath overhead utility lines (Figure 1)
and immediately next to buildings. Are
trees being planted in inappropriate
places with the intention that they will
be removed and replaced in a few years,
like out-of-style lawn furniture? Given
the short service life reported for most
urban and community trees, maybe that
is only realistic. But we should be clear
with clients and ourselves if that is what
we want to do!
Growth in diameter as well as height
can be a problem, particularly when stem
guards or grates are used. The attrac-tiveness
of the grate is lost as it girdles
the tree and supports the infection of
wood-decay fungi (Figure 2). What were
the landscape designers and installers
thinking? This style of grate was not
designed for easy removal, particularly
not without harming the tree. Was this
planting designed to be replaced after a
few years of tree growth? A current hot
topic in arboriculture is when and how
to support newly planted trees. Based on
my own simple observations, more trees
sustain lasting damage from inappropri-ate
supports being left on far too long
than by lack of support. I imagine that the
installers expected that the maintenance
crew would remove the “traditional wire-in-
hose” support well before the stem was
injured, but this type of scarring is still
commonplace (Figure 3).
Sometimes, the story is one of failed
opportunities and communication.
Although trees can be protected at con-struction
sites, the tree protection plan
for this Eucalyptus sp. (Figure 4) was ig-nored
and it was severely damaged. When
trees like this remain in the landscape,
they have shortened life spans due to the
severity of their construction injuries.
Instead of being assets in the landscap-ing,
they become liabilities and have to be
removed.
In some ways, the examples above are
the easy and obvious ones. A landscape
professional may easily think or say “I’d
never do that!” Unfortunately, disregard-ing
the tree system is also possible in
ABOVE: Areca palms growing into overhead utility
lines. RIGHT: Decay fungus on trunk injured by
“protective” grate.
Photo: KEVIN SMITH Photo: CAROL KWAN
Figure 1
Figure 2

27. GRASS
Continued from page 25 more hidden ways. Over-fertilization
of trees can reduce the frequency
and effectiveness of mycorrhizae and
beneficial microorganisms in the soil,
making trees more sensitive to drought,
element deficiency and toxicity, and
disease. Over-reliance on some chemi-cal
should be applied. When feasible, organic
fertilizers could be used as they provide
organic matter to support soil microor-ganisms
and improve soil health.
Further Readings:
Schumann, G.L., P.J Vittum, M.L. Elliot,
and P.P Cobb (1997) IPM Handbook for
Golf Courses. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea, MI.
Cheng, Z., and P. S. Grewal. 2009.
Dynamics of the soil nematode food web
and nutrient pools under tall fescue lawns
established on soil matrices resulting from
common urban development activities. Ap-plied
Zhiqiang Cheng, Ph.D. is Assistant
Specialist with the Department of Plant and
Environmental Protection Sciences, CTAHR
University of Hawaii at Manoa.
NEED AN
Soil Ecology, 42: 107–117.
AGRICULTURAL
LOAN?
Purchase open land, build a dwelling, operating
loans, line of credit, equipment purchase, truck or
automobile purchase, refinance a mortgage or agree-ment
of sale, etc.
Both the Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA
and Hawaii Production Credit Association can custom design a
loan to meet your needs.
We offer: Long term loans, short term loans,
competitive interest rate programs, flexible
repayment schedules, excellent loan servicing
options, etc. We also have programs for Young,
Beginning, Small and Minority Farmers.
FARM CREDIT
SERVICES OF
HAWAII, ACA
Federal Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA
Hawaii Production Credit Association
CALL ONE OF OUR LOAN OFFICERS AT:
Oahu Office 99-860 Iwaena Street, Suite A
Aiea, HI 96701
Phone: 808-836-8009
Fax: 808-836-8610
www.hawaiifarmcredit.com
Hilo Office 988 Kinoole Street
Hilo, HI 96720
Phone: 808-961-3708
Fax: 808-961-5494
From the Neighbor Islands Call Toll Free 1-800-894-4996
FCS of Hawaii, ACA is part of the Farm Credit System, a nationwide system of leading agricultural financial institutions
which started in 1917. FCS of Hawaii, ACA has been doing business in Hawaii since 1966 through its subsidiary the Federal
Land Bank Association of Hawaii, FLCA. The FCS of Hawaii, ACA is not a Federal Agency of the Federal Government.
Figure 3
Photos: CAROL KWAN
Scarring from guy wires.
insecticides can quickly promote
pesticide-resistant pests. Other insec-ticides
may promote damaging mite
infestations by eradicating the natural
predators.
The proliferation of training aids
and products is likely a good thing. The
“how-to” prescriptions still require that
those who design, install, and maintain
landscapes to decide whether they are
working for disposable or long-term
landscapes.
Reference:
Shigo, Alex. L. 1991. Modern Arboricul-ture.
Shigo and Trees, Associates. http://
www.shigoandtrees.com.
Dr. Kevin T. Smith, plant physiologist
for the Northern Research Station, USDA
Forest Service, has published more than
90 journal articles and book chapters on
tree biology from his base in Durham,
New Hampshire.
A version of this article was originally
published in The Landsculptor, February
2008, pages 57-58.
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY Hawaiiscape.com 27

28. MECHANIC
WANTED
!!#!!#
“Mechanic wanted
— must have
some small en-gine
knowledge.”
Where have all
the small engine
mechanics gone? Landscape companies, golf
courses, repair shops, farmers, are all looking
for mechanics. (If you have one that you are
satisfied with, keep it quiet.) Why the shortage
you ask? Let’s look at some of the reasons.
First, let’s be sure to emphasize that
just because you own a mower, does not
make you a mechanic. Just because you
can use a chain saw does not mean
you can fix one. Companies are now
beginning to realize that fact, and are
putting out the call for mechanics who
can fix their equipment. What they are
learning is that there is a limited pool of
mechanics, and an even smaller pool of
skilled mechanics able to fix their equip-ment.
In years past (two to three decades
ago), if you had a reasonable amount of
mechanical aptitude and skill you could
probably figure out how to repair a piece of
equipment. Many small engine mechanics
had previous experience working with cars,
motorcycles, dirt bikes. As technology
and EPA requirements have changed
equipment design and engineering,
many skills which were previously
transferable are no longer as relevant.
Changes to design are more specific
and manufacturers have made it so that
the kinds of repairs that can be done
are more limited, anticipating that
machines will be replaced
rather than repaired. For
example, there are en-gines
that are three
or four years
old that
are no
longer
avail-able,
and
you would have to get a new style of engine to
retrofit on that piece of equipment. Mechan-ics
who have been in the industry for many
years, have found it difficult to keep up with
the changes.
There are more variables to consider
when troubleshooting and repairing the new
equipment. Tracking down these variables is
time consuming and often frustrating. There
is a new skill set required, that many of the
“older” mechanics have not easily adapted to.
“I did all the things I usually do, but I can’t get
it to work!” In today’s industry, yesterday’s
skills are not enough for today’s machines.
Mechanics will frequently express that they
feel pressured by their bosses to get machines
to do things that they were not designed to
do. This is not a reflection of the mechanic’s
skill level, but rather, an equipment purchase
based on unrealistic expectations. BE REALIS-TIC!
With the rising cost of equipment, and a
more competitive market place, the mechanic
is frequently expected to keep machines
running without incurring costs — either in
labor or in parts. This is not always possible,
no matter how skillful the mechanic. The
mechanic is not a magician. He can only use
the knowledge and skill that he has to keep
the machine running.
Operators, shop supervisors and company
owners have a role in keeping the equipment
running correctly, and keeping their repair
costs down. On-going maintenance and the
use of correct operating procedures are neces-sities.
They need to assess the mechanics skill
level and decide if that is sufficient for the
company’s situation.
Looking down the road, will we be seeing
more skilled small engine mechanics? It may
be incumbent upon companies to identify,
train, and support employees who show me-chanical
aptitude and move them toward the
mechanic’s position.
Phyllis Jones is with A to Z Equipment and
Sales, formally A to Z Rental Center, in business
for over 25 years.
TIPS tool
P H Y L L I S JONES
28 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JULY | AUGUST 2013

29. LICT Strategic Planning Workshop
THE VOICE OF HAWAII’S GREEN INDUSTRY
Photos: CHRIS DACUS
LICT Workshop attendees discussing goals and objectives (left to right) Zhiqiang
Cheng, Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright & Christopher McCullough.
Hawaiiscape.com 29
The Landscape Indus-try
Council of Hawaii
(LICH) held a statewide
workshop on June 15th to
determine the best direc-tion
to take the LICT or
Landscape Industry Certified Technician
(formerly called CLT) over the next ten
years. LICT training and testing profes-sionals
from across the state participated
in this one day workshop including rep-resentatives
from LICH, Kauai Landscape
Industry Council (KLIC), Hawaii Land-scape
& Irrigation Contractors Associa-tion
(HLICA), Hawaii Island Landscape
Association (HILA), Maui Association
of Landscape Professionals (MALP) and
Leeward Community College (LCC). The
group included Karen Ostborg, Larry Bor-gatti,
Ty McDonald, Chris McCullough,
Lelan Nishek, Allison Wright, Jay Deputy,
Zhiqiong Cheng, Steve Nimz, Garrett
Webb, Norman Nagata, Lynne Constanti-dinides,
Matt Lyum, Madeleine Shaw, and
Chris Dacus.
The meeting was structured to develop
three goals and objectives to achieve each
of the three goals. In addition, the discus-sion
included the means to fund the LICT
strategic plan and the development of a
new decision making body for the LICT
program.
The top goals and objectives over the
next ten years include:
1. Promote the benefits of the LICT
program to landscape employers and
the public. This would increase profes-sionalism,
quality of work and reduce the
liability.
a. Objectives: Promote to employers
the reduced liability insurance by notify-ing
insurance companies of LICT profes-sionals
on staff and their training.
b. Make a YouTube video for employ-ers
and post links on our website.
2. Promote to government, landscape
architects, property and hotel manage-ment
companies the benefits of requiring
LICT professionals for their properties
and projects via contracts and construc-tion
specifications.
a. Objectives: Market to property
managers at Building Industry Associa-tion,
Hawaiiana Management Confer-ence,
Building & Property Management
show, Certified Commercial Investment
Member (CCIM) and Condominium As-sociations.
b. Conduct educational seminars for
property managers on landscape mainte-nance
at conferences and promote LICT.
c. Work with ASLA Hawaii Chapter
to promote LICT inclusion in landscape
architecture specifications.
d. Discuss with government agen-cies
the LICT inclusion in construction
specifications.
3. Raise funds to administer the LICT
program in a paid staff person at LICH.
a. LICH Sponsorships for funding.
b. Grants that may include the work-force
development, State Department of
Labor and water conservation grants.
With the goals, objectives and funding
the group determined, the group unani-mously
decided that the new decision
making for the LICT program should
include equal representation from all
organizations conducting landscape train-ing
or tests. Each organization shall have
one representative with an equal vote and
decisions shall be made by a simple major-ity.
The new committee shall have one
representative from each of the follow-ing
organizations: LICH, HLICA, MALP,
HILA, KLIC, and LCC. Each organization
shall determine their representative by
September 2013 and as a group elect a
committee chair.
The participants of the strategic plan-ning
workshop are energized with a
new focused strategy that will bear good
results over the next ten years and LICT
professionals should see some early results
by next summer. If you have some sugges-tions,
feel free to send an email to chris.
dacus@gmail.com and I will make sure
the new committee receives your com-ments.
As a reminder the upcoming registra-tion
deadline for the Oahu LICT test is
July 26th. Registration is online at http://
hawaiiscape.com/lict/. Applicants can
complete an online test registration
including payment or download a PDF file
and mail. The Oahu written test is August
7th and field test is August 10th. Sign up
now, study and become a LICT profes-sional!
Chris Dacus is a landscape architect
and arborist for the Hawaii Department of
Transportation and the president of LICH.
By CHRIS DACUS

30. Kalo Kosmology
by WKekuhi Keali‘ikanaka‘oleohaililani elcome to Kalo Kosmology! I invite you to read the follow-ing
kumuhonua out loud. The Hawai‘i and the English.
Resist the urge to skip over it! What you are about to read
has high nutritional value for you as a Mahina La‘au, for
the La‘au people you work with, and for the greater web of
elemental systems whose job it is to help grow “the gods”
that you plant. The poem or mele that you are about to engage in is endemic to
the Hawaii landscape...as endemic as the lava under your feet.
When we meet in person one day, we’ll learn it all together! I’d like that very
much. Why? Because THIS is one of the anchors that connects you and I, and
because THIS endemic expression of the Hawaii universe is what makes YOU
unique from all other landscapers in the world! Enjoy.
O Wakea Noho Ia Papahanaumoku
1. O Wakea noho ia Papahanaumoku Wakea resides with Papahanaumoku
2. Hanau o Hawaii, he moku Hawaii is the first-born island child
3. Hanau ‘o Maui, he moku Maui is born, an island child
4. Hoi ae o Wakea noho ia Hoohokukalani Diurnal space turns to nocturnal
space, the Dome-of-Space intercourses
with She-who-populates-the-night-sky
5. Hanau o Molokai, he moku Molokai is the first to be born of the stars
6. Hanau o Lanaikaula, he moku Lanaikaula an island child is born
7. Liliopu punalua o Papa ia Hoohokkalani Chaos abounds between earth and stars
8. Hoi hou o Papa noho ia Wakea Papa reclaims Sky-father
9. Hanau o Oahu, he moku Oahu is born, an island
10. Hanau o Kauai, he moku Kauai is born, an island
11. Hanau o Niihau, he moku Niihau is born, an island
12. He ula ao Kahoolawe Kahoolawe is born, the royal one
13. Noho hou o Wakea ia Hoohokukalani Again the cycles turn and Space
intercourses with Stars
14. Ua hanau mai ka Wakea keiki mua Man is born from the union of sky
and stars
15. He keiki alualu Alas, the birth is premature
16. O Haloanaka ka inoa He is Haloanaka, the quivering
prayer, the Star child
17. A make ua keiki alualu la The first born is the sacrifice
hawai‘-
icology
Embodying the
Hawaii Universe
30 LANDSCAPE HAWAII JULY | AUGUST 2013