This document provides an overview of radiation awareness and safety. It discusses [1] what radiation is and its various types; [2] the health effects of radiation exposure including damage to cells; and [3] key principles of protection like minimizing time, distance and use of shielding to reduce exposure. The document emphasizes properly labeling, transporting, and storing radioactive materials and outlines safe working practices when dealing with radiation.
4. Labeling, Transport , Storage What is radiation? Effect on Health Protection against exposure Conclusion RADIOGRAPHY
5. Radiation is all around us. It occurs naturally or can be produced artificially . Ex.: light, lasers, the sun, x-ray machine, TV transmitters and radioactive material. Radiation : energy emitted from a source as waves or particles, which is transmitted through space. What is it?
8. Exposure : measure of the ionisation produced in air by gamma rays. Dose : measure of energy deposited by radiation in a material (measure of the ionisation produced in air by gamma rays) or of the relative biological damage produced by that amount of energy given the nature of the radiation. Effect on Health RADIATION AWARENESS
9. Mechanism of damage : radiation causes atoms and molecules to become ionised or excited. It can result in damage to molecules which regulate vital cell processes. Interaction of radiation with matter : the relative amount of damage to the cell and tissue of a person exposed to radiation depends on the energy deposited. Biological effects depend on dose and time. RADIATION AWARENESS Effect on Health
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11. IONISING RADIATION - BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 3 types of effects from ionising radiation RADIATION AWARENESS
14. CONTROLLED AREA The controlled area should be demarcated by a physical barrier, e.g. a rope or bunting at the 7.5 micro Sievert per hour boundary. Flashing lights should also be used to mark the controlled area where the work is carried out. When establishing boundaries, monitoring should be carried out at, above and below floor level. Access should be restricted and suitable warning signs displayed. RADIATION AWARENESS Protection against exposure
17. MARKING : All equipment and packages containing radioactive substances must be labeled with the radiation trefoil. STORAGE : Stores should be properly constructed, e.g. strong boxes in fenced off areas (bomb pits) or in self-contained protective boxes, located as far away from personnel as possible. All stores should be regularly monitored. Radiation level at the nearest accessible point should be less than 7.5 micro Sievert / hour Labeling, Transport and Storage RADIATION AWARENESS
18. Here, radioactive substances are available as sealed sources. Sealed sources are held within a robust container designed to isolate the source from the external environment. Radioactive substances, when not in use, must be stored in a locked, protective receptacle, suitably labeled, solely reserved for radioactive substances and designed in accordance with current legislation. Labeling, Transport and Storage RADIATION AWARENESS
19. Labeling, Transport and Storage RADIATION AWARENESS
