Resilience 2.0
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Anthony Flint of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy talks about the innovative nature of the federal response to Hurricane Sandy, and where financing for resiliency initiatives might come from.
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Resilience 2.0
- 1. New Jersey Future October 30, 2014 Anthony Flint Fellow & Director of Public Affairs Lincoln Institute of Land Policy www.lincolninst.edu @landpolicy Resilience 2.0
- 2. Research and training for policy and practice
- 10. www.lincolninst.edu National Disaster Resilience Competition $1B to promote risk assessment/planning & innovative preparation and resilience strategies Community Development Block Grant disaster recovery (CDBG-DR) / Disaster Relief Appropriations Act 2013 PL 113-2
- 11. www.lincolninst.edu • Stimulate resilience planning to prepare for the future that is coming • Resilience as overarching principle, woven into daily decision-making on how tax dollars are spent • Rethinking of how disaster relief funds are used by local and state governments • Infrastructure investment and urban development with resilience marbled in “.
- 12. www.lincolninst.edu Coastal Zone Management Act Section 309 Program Guidance $1.5M competitive funding to improve state CZM programs to increase resilience in coastal hazards
- 13. www.lincolninst.edu Global Green USA/Solar for Sandy: Donations by solar manufacturers for back-up systems for schools, women's shelters, and community centers
- 15. Lessons from Sandy • Financial assistance needs to come quickly and with clear guidelines, but with enough time for states to create thorough action plans • The National Flood Insurance Program subsidizes risk, which discourages state and local governments and property owners from mitigating risk. • Align federal policies and programs to reduce risk and restore the health and productivity of coastal resources over the long-term. • Develop and share data, guidance materials, and decision-support tools to help governments and property owners make forward-thinking decisions. www.lincolninst.edu
- 16. Adjust the rules that govern the use of disaster relief aid. Strengthen connections between pre-disaster and post-disaster planning. Evaluate projects on their true costs and benefits. Develop new financing and insurance models that capture the value created through mitigation to support long-term investments in resilience. 1 2 3 4 Anticipate future climate impacts during the disaster recovery and rebuilding process.
- 17. Resilient City Coastal Regions http://www.lincolninst.edu/pubs/1994_Resilient-Coastal-City-Regions www.lincolninst.edu
- 18. www.lincolninst.edu Forthcoming: Planning for Post- Disaster Recovery International Case Studies Rob Olshansky/Laurie Johnson
- 20. Koontz vs St. Johns River Water District www.lincolninst.edu
- 22. Contact/More Information www.lincolninst.edu Twitter: @landpolicy Anthony Flint / Fellow and Director of Public Affairs Lincoln Institute of Land Policy 113 Brattle Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617-661-3016 anthony.flint@lincolninst.edu www.lincolninst.edu
Notes de l'éditeur
- The Lincoln Institute was founded by John C. Lincoln, an inventor and entrepreneur based in Cleveland, Ohio, … cite KJL … who became interested in the writings of Henry George, the 19th century political philosopher and author of “Progress and Poverty,” whose big idea was a single tax on land or land value tax; he believed that private property and landowners realized a windfall in terms of increase in property values, as a direct result of public investments such as infrastructure or regulatory or zoning actions. Today we are meeting the challenge of global urbanization, fiscal solvency, urban planning and above all, the importance of land policy across the board – the idea that land policy matters.
- In a way these days it’s just no fun to be steeped in land use issues. I can’t even take a vacation without thinking about it. Just this past August I wrote a piece in CityLab recalling my daily walk past a beach house called “High and Dry” in Quonnochotaug, near Watch Hill in RI. The place was 100 meters from the shoreline, and of course I couldn’t help thinking that in future summers, the property would be anything but. I looked across at the rebuilt houses on stilts for sale at Misquomicut; With storm surge alone, conditions are indeed going to be very different in 20-30 years. Year-round residents think in temporary, almost fleeting terms, awaiting the next Sandy. In a summertime community, it’s challenging to think about the future. But the open secret among realtors is that prime waterfront properties will inevitably move further inland. There is the sense that “waterfront” on thefor sale sign is as much a mark of a curse as anything else.
- Denial is not pervasive, of course. The two years since Sandy, the anniversary of which we are marking here today, have included major achievements and a changing mindset that is to be celebrated – and organizations like yours are to be congratulated for all your hard work and for sticking with it. First and foremost there is broad consensus that the federal government’s response has been appropriate, with RBD at center stage. We’ll hear more about RBD and next steps in a moment. Our Lincoln-Loeb fellow Helen Lochhead provided a terrific post-portem on the competition, warts and all, in the July issue of Land Lines. RBD gave us permission to think about hard and soft responses in a regional context, to embrace innovation and civic engagement, and begin to conceptualize the necessary steps to learn to live with water. Quite obviously it took an event like Sandy – as Bob Yaro at RPA predicted – to jolt us all into a new framework, to learn from places like The Netherlands, and confront this new reality
- And there has been a paradigm shift, as resilience has rightly taken its place in the forefront of the urban agenda. Indeed in some circles, the term has become a little too much in vogue, and like Beyonce, risks being over-exposed,
- The non-profit sector has stepped up, with just one example being the Rockefeller Foundation’s resilient cities program, funding chief resilience officers in 100 cities
- Local leaders have emerged such as Hoboken mayor Dawn Zimmerman, recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach for protecting assets and infrastructure, while marbling in new stormwater systems for accomodating inundation.
- Public education has been critical. In Boston, a recent study began the process of confronting new realities, by introducing new concepts, such as turning Clarendon Street in Back Bay into a canal. As a matter of awareness, the message here for the citizenry was clear: we really are going to have to think about dramatic measures like this.
- The federal government, with HUD as the lead agency, has moved forward in the post-Shaun Donovan era with critical next steps. Harriet Tregoning, who we’ve worked with extensively over the years, has taken up a leading role.
- That process is steadily working its way through multiple levels and agencies
- And a bit like the proliferation of apps in the technology world, an ecosystem is emerging to shore up responses at a finer-grained level. This is just one example
- At the Lincoln Institute we have been immersed, if you will, in the business of adaptation to the inevitable impacts of climate change. Last year we published this report, Lessons from Sandy, calling for basic steps of coordination and planning to not just rebuild after disaster, but to rebuild for future resilience.
- Among the key takeaways: State and local governments are not aligned with federal priorities for environmental conservation, risk mitigation, habitat protection or enhancement. Formula-based infrastructure funding does not go far enough in supporting climate-resilient infrastructure.
- The key message, obvious to all of us here in this room, is to anticipate future climate impacts during the disaster recovery and rebuilding process
- Another resource, edited by senior fellow Armando Carbonell, chairman of our Department of Planning and Urban Form, compares and contrasts strategies to date in the U.S. and Australia, which is confronting these same issues and wrestling with a future of wetter wets and drier drys.
- And we are taking our research and recommendations to the next level, with this forthcoming report on resilience built into disaster recovery
- Finally I’d like to begin to conclude by considering something that Henry Coleman will address, and that is how to pay for this new normal. One of the urban development and infrastructure financing tools we have spent a lot of time focusing on is value capture – a recognition that public investments result in quantifiable increases in value for landowners and private developers, that might be characterized as a windfall. This report examines the experience in Latin America deploying different varieties of value capture, as a way to finance urban infrastructure up front. In urban expansion in the developing world, the cost of infrastructure and key amenities is a fraction of the increase in the land value increment for the private sector. Martim Smolka – no brainer – still have to learn how to say “no brainer” in Portugeuse. And it’s a no brainer in this context too. One of the things that was very well documented by RPA and others after Sandy was just how staggering the loss was – beginning with the tragic loss of life, the immediate damage to real property, and then the billions in economic loss in the days and weeks afterwards. Clearly there is a huge cost to not being resilient, which dwarfs the cost of making investments in resilience. A rethinking of the financing must occur.
- Now I am hesitant to end on a downer note, but one thing to keep in mind in terms of property rights and constitutional law is this case, which is already starting to have an impact in the broad area of imposing requirements on private developers in the way that I’ve described. Just recently a San Francisco district court judge ruled against a policy of allowing property owners to make a lump-sum payment to free homes from rent control. The message of the Koontz decision is two-fold: to identify the harm that is being created, and that any requirements for mitigation must be proportionate. In the context of financing resilience – while again I don’t want to emphasize the peril – we can anticipate how paying into a fund for climate resilience or requiring such steps as part of future development, may be subject to a legal challenge.
- So as if aligning federal, state and local and regional efforts and incentives wasn’t complicated enough, let us bear in mind the complexities of Resilience 2.0, and with that let us turn now to our distinguished panel and continue the conversation.