25 Years of LINK

25 Years of LINK The Major Events shaping the Period

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],26 th April 1986 - Nuclear Power Station Explosion, Chernobyl A mishandled safety test in Reactor No 4 led to a catastrophic power increase and explosion in the core. Large quantities of radioactive fuel and core material released to atmosphere. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1986

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6 th March, 1987 - Zeebrugge Disaster, Belgium Over 190 people died when the roll-on roll-off ferry, operated by Townsend Thoresen, capsized moments after leaving the Belgian port of Zeebrugge, Belgium in March 1987. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1987

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6 th July, 1988 – Piper Alpha, North Sea, UK Series of massive explosions results in total loss of Piper Alpha production platform, the most productive in the North Sea. 167 killed. 30 bodies never recovered. Only 59 survived. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1988

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],24 th March, 1989 – Exxon Valdez, Alaska USA The Exxon Valdez oil tanker struck Prince William Sound’s Bligh Reef spilling up to 750,000 barrels of oil which covered 11,000 square miles and devastated wild life in the region. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1989

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],31 st March 1990, – Poll Tax Riots, UK By far a largest series of mass disturbances that occurred in the UK against introduction of community charge (aka Poll Tax) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1990

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 rd September, 1991 - Hamlet, North Carolina, USA 25 people died, 54 injured in a chicken processing factory fire. The escape doors were routinely locked. 3 previous non-fatal fires had brought no changes. There had been no safety inspections in 11 years ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1991

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],18 th February , 1992 – Disarmament Crisis, Iraq US demands to end production of weapons of mass destruction. Demand for unfettered inspections to take place. US begins military build up in the Gulf Region ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1992

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],26 th February, 1993 – World Trade Centre Blast Massive truck bomb detonated below North Tower in New York ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1993

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],28 th September 1994 – Ship Capsize, Baltic Sea The Estonian registered Ro Ro ferry the MS Estonia capsized on route from Tallinn, Estonia to Stockholm resulting in the loss of 852 lives. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1994

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 th June 1995 – Brent Spar Oil Storage Buoy, North Atlantic Shell caves in to international environmental, social, economic and political pressure and abandons plans to sink the Brent Spar oil rig in deep Atlantic water 250km W of Scotland. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1995

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15 th February, 1996 - Sea Empress Disaster, Wales The disaster occurred in Britain’s only coastal national park . 73,000 tonnes of crude oil polluted 200km of a coastline internationally famed for its wildlife and beauty ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1996

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],11 th December, 1997 - Kyoto Protocol Adopted The Protocol is launched aimed at fighting global warming with the goal of achieving stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1997

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],18 th October 1998 Jesse, Niger Delta, Nigeria 1082 die as result of Petroleum Pipeline Explosion. Pipeline owned by Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation who claimed that disaster due to scavengers rupturing line to obtain fuel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1998

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],5 th October, 1999 - Ladbroke Grove Rail Crash, London 31 people were killed and 520 injured when two trains collided at a combined closing speed of 130 mph during the morning rush hour. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1999

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],25 th July, 2000 – Crash of Concorde Flight 4590, Paris The crash killed 109 passengers and crew. Four people were killed on the ground. The beginning of the end for Concorde. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2000

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],11 th September, 2001 - USA Terrorist Attacks 2001 Almost 3000 are killed during attacks on World Trade Centre, The Pentagon and Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Al Qaeda hijacked airliners and flew them into buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1 st March, 2002 – Coalition Invasion Of Afghanistan 2002 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Coalition invades Afghanistan in response to the 9/11 attacks, to try to capture Osama Bin Laden and eradicate al Qaeda. Initial attack removed Taliban from power

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],13 th March, 2003 – SARS Coronavirus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2003 SARS is the first severe and easily transmissible new disease to emerge in the 21 st century. It was first carried out into the world at large on 21 February, when an infected medical doctor from Guangdong checked into the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],26 th December, 2004 – Tsunami, Indian Ocean Indian Ocean tsunami triggered by an earthquake off Indonesia resulted in the deaths of over 230,000 people in 14 countries in SE Asia, South Asia and Africa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2004

11 th December, 2005 – Buncefield Petrol Explosion and fire The largest fire in Europe since the second world war occurred when a vapour cloud ignited at the Buncefield storage facility in Hertfordshire. Much damage to neighbouring property The Legacy: 2005 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],August 2006 – Probo Koala , Abidjan, Ivory Coast 40,000 people affected by fumes when 500 tonnes ship’s slops illegally dumped in lagoons. Discharge of slops stopped in Amsterdam earlier in voyage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2006

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],23 rd February, 2007 - Pendolino crash, Greyriggs Cumbria Train derailed at 96 mph on a bendy section of track Remarkably only one person died This was due to the crash worthiness of the rolling stock ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2007

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],15 th September, 2008 – Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy, US The world’s largest bankruptcy ($691bn) more than 10 times that of Enron in 2001, began a global domino effect of financial failures and government rescues. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2008

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7 th January, 2009 – Russia Shuts Off Gas Supplies To Europe Crisis began on not being able to reach agreement on gas prices for 2009. Russia demanded full payment of debt from Ukraine. Payment not made, supplies to Ukraine/Europe were cut on 7 th January ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2009

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 th April, 2010 - Macondo Well Gulf of Mexico 11 people died and 17 injured when explosion and fire ripped through the Deepwater Horizion. 4.9 million barrels of oil released before well capped in September. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2010

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],11 th March, 2011 – Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Japan Damage to safety systems after the earthquake and tsunami caused a series of explosions and release of radiation at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2011

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25 Years of LINK