1. Introduction to: Free Software, Open Source, GNU/Linux

4. We are an unofficial group of Egyptian volunteers gathered about believing in Free Software Philosophy and Open Source Model, and the love of Gnu/Linux OS.

5. We aim to serve the Egyptian FOSS comnunity and promote using FOSS in Egypt.

6. http://eglug.org

7. #eglug @ irc.freenode.net

8. GNU and Linux

10. What's GNU?

11. What's GNU/Linux?

12. What's GNU/Hurd?

13. Debian GNU/Hurd exists? not really, not yet

14. What's GNU/Darwin?

15. Is Darwin FOSS? yes.. GPL'd? nop, it's APSL'd

16. GPL'd version of Darwin? yes, Open-Darwin, but ...

17. What is this all about?

19. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

20. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).

21. The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

23. 1998 Open Source Definition (4 Freedoms)

24. General Public License (GPL)

25. Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of free as in "free speech" , not as in "free beer" .

26. Open Source is a development methodology; Free Software is a social movement.

27. Distributed development is one of the main key strengths in FOSS.

31. 1983: The GNU Project launched by RMS

32. 1991: Linux 0.01 ( 10k line of code, 1 user )

33. 1994: Linux 1.0 ( 170k line of code, 100 thousand user)

34. 1996: Linux 2.0 ( 400k line of code, 1.5 million user)

35. 1998: Open Source Definition (4 Freedoms)

36. 1998: Linux 2.1.11 ( 1.5M line of code, 7.5 million user)

37. 1999: Linux 2.2: 12 million users

38. 2008: A Promising Future

39. Linux Evolution within First 8 years

42. make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.

45. Open Source tends to be high quality and economical.

46. Security: very little security holes & quick fixes.

47. No worms, spyware, crashes, and no more blue screen of death.

48. True multiuser system (secure file permission, use can't affect other users or the OS, user must logon)

49. Modularity (User isn't locked to one shell or GUI).

50. Strong communities for development and support.

51. Developers, Developers, Developers!

52. Code, Code, Code!

54. Web Designing: OSWD.org (Open Source Web Design), OpenDesigns.org , OpenWebDesign.org

55. Learning: ChemCollective.org, k12EdCom.org

56. Hardware: opencores.org

57. Others: OpenCola (Open Source Cola Formula), Open Data (Scintific data & others)

59. Free Software => Open Source => FOSS

60. Cygnus (1989): First business model in FOSS, Technical support for GNU tools (merged with RedHat 1999)

61. Netscape(1998): First big company turned into FOSS (netscape => mozilla). This was highly influenced by "the cathedral and the bazar" which they heared in the perl conference in 1997

64. Ubuntu: aimed for desktop users, based on debian unstable.

65. Red Hat: Early star, now aimed for enterprise.

66. Fedora: Sponsored by redhat, community supported.

67. Centos: The Free (from charge) alternative to RHEL.

68. Mandriva: Popular redhat derivative.

69. Suse: made by Novell, aimed for enterprise. Lately there's a joint development with microsoft.

70. OpenSuse:Open source alternative of Suse, community supported

71. Slackware: Very Unix-like, Old but popular

72. Phaeronix: The egyptian distro.

73. Arabian, Arabbix: Arabic distros, but discontinued.

75. why mount?

76. /mnt , /media

77. Mount Points can be any empty directory.

78. Mount exists in Window$.

79. You can have any number of mount points.

82. Very dangerous to login with it (really, i'm not kedding with that).

86. /bin, /usr/bin (binaries) excutables.

87. /sbin, /usr/sbin : (super user binaries) excutables for system-wide changes (e.g hardware configurations, shutdown, kernel-related, .. etc).

88. /tmp : temporary.

89. /home : subfolder for every account, account related files (desktop, account-related configurations.

90. /root : the root user home directory.

91. /mnt, /media : a place for mounting additonal devices.

92. /dev : hardware devices (editable, with extreme caution)

93. /proc : running processes (most of times are editable)

97. Hardware detection.

98. Locales selection (Keyboard, time, location).

99. Package selection.

100. Bootloader.

102. File System types.

103. What does journalized mean?

104. ext3 for stability, ReiserFS for speed.

105. ext2 is native and speedy. but not stable enough.

107. Dependencies.

108. Source Code Vs. Binary Package.

109. Mirrors

110. Why not getting software from third parties?

111. package managers (apt, yum, urpmi, smart, ... etc)

112. GUI interfaces for the package managers (e.g synaptic)

113. Installing a software package not from the mirrors.

114. portage tree .. a mirror of source codes??

116. Does Window$ has a bootloader?

117. Lilo Vs. GRUB

118. /boot

119. /boot/grub/menu.lst

121. Shell.

122. X-Server.

123. Desktop Enviroment (or a Window Maker).

124. Composite Window Maker.

125. Window Decorator.

127. CLI more powerful, GUI more user friendly.

128. Most server releases doesn't contain GUI interface.

129. My advice is that you use GUI for normal and daily tasks (e.g browsing, ... etc.) and use CLI for every administration task you do.

131. Eye candy.

132. Where normal users lives. as well as we live when we use our PC's as normal users (browsing, IM, Office, ... etc.)

134. Cause it's a higher layer, this means that bugs have higher possibility to exist.

135. Not good in administrative tasks, or at least most of them.

136. Not everything can be done with CLI exists in GUI, it's just a graphical interface and doesn't allow you to use all the options available. GUI

138. After getting used to it, CLI will be far more EASY and FASTER to you than GUI in lots of tasks.

139. Most administration tasks are made with CLI. Those who made with GUI are simply a graphical interface that runs CLI commands in the background.

140. BASH = Bourne Again SHell. Note that there's more than one kind of shell (bash, sh, dash, ... etc)

141. BASH is the current standard of linux, Unix, and MAC OSX shell.

142. M$ Window$ is now emplimenting something called 'Window$ Power Shell' ... Will it be compatible with BASH commands? hope so.

144. Distro documentation & forums

145. http://www.google.com/linux

146. http://www.eglug.org

147. http://www.eglug.org/alex

148. IRC: irc.freenode.net

149. IRC: #eglug @ irc.freenode.net

150. Conclusion In a world without walls, who needs windows?