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IMPACT OF PBS ON AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES
- 1. IMPACT OF PBS ON AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE OUTCOMES Student’s Name: Sample Assignment Student Id: Course Title:
- 2. Introduction • PBS is one of the key components of Australian healthcare system • It strives to deliver necessary medicines at an affordable rate and delivers them to all community settings • It started its journey as a limited scheme • This policy aimed at providing high quality medicines to all Australians, irrespective of their economic status Source: (Pbs.gov.au,2021)
- 3. Policy Overview • Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) started its journey in 1948 and supplied free medicines to pensioners • It delivered 139 life saving medicines, free of cost to various communities (Pbs.gov.au,2021) • This scheme is governed by the Department of Health and its laws are set by the National Health Act of 1953 Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 4. Contd… • The policy expanded in the year 1960 to encompass all the Australian residents under it. • It introduced 100 highly specialized program in the initial stage of 1990 and National Prescribing services in 1998 (Au.gsk, 2018) • In the year 2015 it served around 210 million prescriptions and underwent several reforms until 2017. Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 5. Benefits of the Policy • PBAC (Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee) broadened its membership in 2015 to recommend new medicines (Pbs.gov.au, 2017) • Every new medicine is incorporated in the list with the permission of this committee to ensure quality services • In 1948 a remote health establishment was created for supplying pharmaceutical services to isolated communities. Source: (Pbs.gov.au, 2017)
- 6. Contd… • Australian citizens having a Medicare card are eligible for taking the benefits of PBS medicines • Visitors outside the country having a RHCA (Reciprocal Health Care Agreement) can also enjoy this benefit (Healthdirect.gov.au, 2020) • A maximum of $41,30 have to be paid by the general patients as co- payment Source: (Healthdirect.gov.au, 2020)
- 7. Contd… • It initiated concessions to the disadvantaged people in the year 1983 • It also launched safety net in 1986 to ensure safe consumptions of medicines by patients • An increase in the population number having concession cards have been noticed enjoying the benefits • It introduced HSD (Highly specialized drugs) to deliver medicines to the hospital outpatients (Au.gsk, 2018) Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 8. Impact on Healthcare • PBS has collected data about the increased number of patients prescribed AAI (adrenaline auto injector) • It has been found from the data that around 75.43 patients per 100,000 persons had AAI during 2005-14 (Wang et al. 2019) • PBS has impacted the healthcare system by providing innumerous medicines to a wide range of people Source: (Wang et al. 2019)
- 9. Contd… • PBS data has captured inclusion of medicines to treat breast cancer at a lower cost compared to the copayment data • It reported that around 203 patients have diagnosed with HER2 positive in 2017 (Harrisa et al. 2017) • These patients received treatment as PBS beneficiary with all necessary medicines • Around 25% patients were concession beneficiaries
- 10. Contd… • The launching of HSD by PBS has enabled it to deliver medicines for treating chronic diseases • Specialized medicines are provided based on the feature of the disease via trained medical practitioners • 105 remuneration is given to the drugs with a price less than $40 (Pbs.gov.au, 2019) Source: (Pbs.gov.au,2021)
- 11. Impact of PBS reform • Pharmaceutical Reform Agreements helps in accessing PBS medicines in the public hospitals (Pbs.gov.au, 2019) • This agreement enabled public hospitals to prescribe medicines, drugs for chemotherapy, and highly specialized drugs • Through this reform PBS has benefitted public hospitals in terms of medicine delivery PRA Medicines Chemotherapy Drugs HSD Benefits to Public Hospitals
- 12. Contd… • In 2015 reform a reduction of 5% in the price of single branded medicines has been given • Pharmacies were allowed to give $1 discount on copayment under this reform (Au.gsk, 2018) • It also removed the price of originator brand while counting discount on medicine Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 13. Contd… • The 2017 reform further reduced the prices of single branded medicines • PBC membership expanded and price disclosure was implemented by it (Au.gsk, 2018) • A reduction in the statutory medicines were also done to provide better services • Strategic Agreement was introduced to enhance resources for PBAC submissions Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 14. Impact on Patient’s Life • Patient’s have an contribution to this policy by the medium of co-payment • Concessions have enabled them to enjoy the benefits at a lower cost (Au.gsk, 2018) • As per 2017 a patient have to pay an amount of $38.80 per prescription to gain access to a PBS medicine Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 15. Contd… • PBS delivers services based on safety, cost-effectiveness, and efficacy to determine the prices (Weston, 2018) • Safety of the patient’s life is determined by prescribing medicines that meet the requirements of their health condition • This policy has increased the chances of survival among patients Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
- 16. Conclusion • The impact of PBS can be seen on the services of healthcare system • It has largely influenced the lives of patients by giving them access to a large amount of medicines • Australian Government has increased its expenditure to ensure quality services by PBS Source: (Au.gsk, 2018)
Notes de l'éditeur
- The PBS (Pharmaceutical benefits scheme) is a remarkable initiative of the Australian government to support the healthcare system of the country. This scheme, with the aim of supplying life saving medicines to the Australian population, subsidizes over 1000 of medicines to the hospitals, communities, and clinics. Started as a limited scheme it has now emerged effectively.
- The mentioned social policy commenced its journey in the year 1948 with the purpose of delivering 139 high quality medicines to the pensioners. Considering this aim, the policy supplied necessary medicines to the concerned group at free of cost. The rules of this policy are enumerated in the NHA (National Health Act, 1953).
- The scheme after its beginning in the late 1940s started to expand its boundary in 1965 and targeted to cover almost all residents in the country. It continued to undergo several reforms until 2017. It introduced 100 specialized programs in 1990. It also launched NPS (National prescribing services to educate doctors about prescribing in 1998.
- The PBAC was established with the purpose of regulating the scheme for more benefits to the public. In 2015 more members were added to this committee. All medicines are only accepted with the approval of this committee. This is being done to ensure high quality services. It also established remote pharmaceutical services to remote areas in 1948.
- All the Australian citizens who have a Medicare card can take the benefit of medicines under PBS scheme. Overseas patients bound with RHCA are also eligible to enjoy the benefit of these medicines. However, a minimum of 41.30 dollars have to be paid in the form of co-payments by general patients.
- As a part of some of its benefits this policy has launched several facilities to the patients and healthcare organizations. Some of these benefits include- concessions in 1983, safety net in 1986, and HSD in 1990 to ensure patient’s safety and value. Through the HSD program it supplies medicines to outpatients.
- The contribution of PBS in Australian healthcare system is undeniable. Since 2005 to 2014 it has attended around 75.43 people among 100,000 persons with AAI to help stop Anaphylaxis disease. It would have been impossible to give access to the Australian population to life saving medicines without this scheme.
- Another contribution of PBS to the Australian healthcare system is identifying early breast cancer and providing suitable treatment. According to the PBS data 203 patients were identified having breast cancer in the year 2017 and 25% patients received treatment as concession beneficiaries.
- Through the HSD program, PBS has prescribed millions of prescriptions to the patients suffering from any specialized chronic disease. These medicines are only prescribed by trained practitioners from an affiliated specialized hospital unit. Remunerations were also provided on drugs depending on their price. A 10% concession is given on medicines having a price less than 40 dollars.
- The reform agreement by PBS has influenced the medical system of public hospitals in Australia. This agreement allowed public hospitals to prescribe HSD, chemotherapy drugs and medicines to patients upon their discharge. It supplied medicines to these hospitals to improve their facilities.
- The concerned reform of 2015 has given various medical benefits to the healthcare system. It provided a discount of 5% on single brand medicines, 1 dollar discount on copayments. Besides, it removed the price of manufacturer brand from medicines while giving discounts.
- Followed by the 2015 reform, the reform of 2017 also reduced prices of single branded medicines and expanded the PBS membership. Implementation of price disclosure has also taken place in this reform along with statutory medicine price reduction. The Government signed a strategic agreement to focus on resources for PBAC submissions.
- Patients’ lives have been impacted by the policy as they are able to access costly and life saving medicines at a lower cost. They too have contributed to the policy in the form of co-payers. A patient has to pay around 38.80 dollar to buy a PBS listed medicine in 2017.
- PBS services are decided upon safety, cost and efficacy. It has secured the lives of patients by prescribing safe medicines and increased their chances of living through a medical condition. s
- The undeniable influence of the PBS policy on the healthcare system of Australia has made it popular among people. It’s noble aim of delivering critical medicines to patients has marked it as one of the major social policies of the country.