1. ENGLISH 781/881: WORLD ENGLISHES THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON PEDAGOGY, TEACHING OF WRITING AND POLICY MAKING MAY, 24 TH - MAY, 28 TH 2010 Lisya Seloni, Ph.D. [email_address] [email_address]
Germanic invaders came and settled in Britain from the north-western coastline of continental Europe in the fifth and sixth centuries. The invaders all spoke a language that was Germanic (related to what emerged as Dutch, Frisian, German and the Scandinavian languages, and to Gothic) The reason that we know so little about the linguistic situation in this period is because we do not have much in the way of written records from any of the Germanic languages of north-western Europe until several centuries later. The Celts were already resident in Britain when the Anglo-Saxons arrived, but there are few obvious traces of their language in English today. Some scholars have suggested that the Celtic tongue might have had an underlying influence on the grammatical development of English, The next invaders were the Norsemen. From the middle of the ninth century large numbers of Norse invaders settled in Britain, particularly in northern English also changed enormously, with tremendous numbers of borrowings from French and Latin, in addition to the Scandinavian loanwords already mentioned, which were slowly starting to appear in the written language. Old English, like German today, showed a tendency to find native equivalents for foreign words and phrases (although both Old English and modern German show plenty of loanwords), whereas Middle English acquired the habit that modern English retains today of readily accommodating foreign words. Trilingualism in English, French, and Latin was common in the worlds of business and the professions, with words crossing over from one language to another with ease. One In this period english speakers from england, scotland and ireland migrated to North America, australia and new zeland. Walter Raleigh’s first expediation did not result in settlement. They landed on the north carolina and fell into conflicts with Indian poplation. We don’t know too much about this period as we don’t have much written documentation. Second Diaspora: took place in 18 th and 19 th century—uincludes the history of english in colonial africa –how it spread in east africa, west africa (ghana, nigeria, camneroon. East africa—Uganda, malawi, zimbabwe
Colonialism fueled the discourse of Other and Self—Other was portraid as backward, dirty, primative (said’s oriantalism) while colonizers and their language were portrayed as modern, civilized , superior and advanced Phillips:
Economic powers of the center : the dominance of english is asserted and maintained by the establishment and continious reconstruction of structural and cultural inequalities between english and other languages
We—mostly associated with the work of B.KACHRU
English language is central in many capitalistic deeds and endevours today. E.G. OUTSOURCING, INTERNATIONAL COORPORATIONS, THE TENENT THAT students will benefit from NS, pressure to publish in english—see different ministry of educations around the world (E.G. South Korea’s pushing for English only public school, many asian countries are promoting early enligh learning. Many students are enoucraged to go abroad and study in an english speaking country. Music industry, advertising, movies (US controls 75 percent of the world film market)
New resources develop with the standard language.
Hymponym: members of a less general class are related to a more general class (daughter is a hyponym of offspring) Helper-group-terrorist Supportive-activities-obstructive Free-trade-restrictive
He called this a socially relistic approach to WE
English means becoming involved in the cultures of Inner circle countries—and these inner circle countries have a large input in ELT IN the Expanding circle and Outer circle countries
WE IS INCLUSIVE AND DOES NOT ASSOCIATE ANY PRIVILEGE WITH ENLGISH World Englishes= equality for all the varieties Accent refers to the pronounciation of sounds, to stress and intonation or the rhythm of speech Dialect varity is based on GEOGRAPGY,. It is also base don social class, age group and ethnic group (e.g. AAVE in the US and Cockney in the U.K.) Multilingual english users: language users who have more options of codes, ctrategies, and nuances since they control more than one linguistic system.
Not providing it can be costly . 10 use of students DOMINANT language 2. Teaching the content area both in target language and in home language.
The students
These studies clearly refiute the common wisdom or myths about thebilingual education