2. If airports reflect the Character and
personality of a city, then the new
Mumbai International Airport is proud to have
created a gateway for the world that
is truly a landmark of the future.
Inspired by the dancing peacock, India’s national bird, terminal 2 seems
picturesque (unique, pictorial) and resplendent icon of modern
infrastructure.
3. Architects – SOM
Design Partner - Roger Duffy
Senior Design Architect - Scott Duncan
Design Architect - Peter Lefkovits
Technical Architect - Narin Gobindranauth
Senior Aviation Planner - Derek Moore
Project Year - 2014
Manufacturers - Lindner
Managing Partner - Anthony Vacchione
Structural Director - Charles Besjak
Structural Engineer - Preetam Biswas
Structural Engineering - Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Project Manager, Director - Laura Ettelman
Architect and Engineer of Record - Larsen & Toubro Limited
MEP Engineer - Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
Lighting Design - Brandston Partnership Inc.
Acoustics - Cerami & Associates
Communication, IT, Security & Special Sustems - Mulvey & Banani
Baggage Handling - BNP Associates
Verical Transportation - Van Deusen & Associates
Cultural Design Collaboration - Abu Jani - Sandeep Khosla
4.
5.
6. • This project is inspired by the dreams ambitions, creativity
and culture of the people of Mumbai. It is their collective
imagination made real.
Sanjay Reddy, Vice-Chairman, GVK
CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. Inspiring architecture, meticulous (nice,
notational) planning, state-of-the-art technology and excellent service standards all reflect the
city’s ambition, imagination and future . The terminal offers passengers a series of wonderful
experiences.
7. CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
This project is inspired by the dreams, ambitions, creativity and resilience of
the people of Mumbai. It is their collective imagination made real.
MUMBAI Over the past decade, India has been transformed into one of the most dynamic and
energetic countries in the world. It has seen extraordinary growths, wealth and education. As
India’s business and creative capital Mumbai. The new terminal at Chhatrapati Shivaji
International Airport is the perfect expression of Mumbai’s achievements, its ambition and its
imagination.
city of color & texture. a vibrant ambitious city that measures its success on a global scaleDESIGN VALUES:- The following pages present the values that have informed
the design of the new terminal and the total experience we wish our
customers to enjoy. Please take the time to reflect on them and consider how
you might be able to bring them to life in all aspects of your submission. The stunning architecture of the new terminal is more than a
decorative shell. It is a deep expression of Mumbai, and of
India. It is a place inspired by a heritage of creativity, craft
and innovation. It feeds the imagination and creates new
possibilities.
throughout the terminal, jalli filters direct
sunlight, helping to keep the building cool and
reinforcing the special Indian character.
This is a place that changes with the light. A place that
reveals something new on each occasion. This is a
place that people look forward to returning to, time
and time again.
lush garden lounges and topiary features can be found throughout the terminal, creating
many living, moving environments and restful spaces.
The elegant charm to be experienced throughout the terminal is a natural expression of our
people and culture. Our commitment to exceptional customer experiences reflect the pride
that we feel for Mumbai and its future. The new terminal is a living environment that frames
and supports moments of joy, delight, calm and exhilaration. And like every great journey it
represents growth and an expression of life.
The entire shopping, eating and
drinking experience has been carefully
planned throughout the terminal, with
color and form used to create distinct
spaces to relax and enjoy the
experience.
OPEN SPACE:- The layout of the international departure lounge is an elegant planning solution that balances circulation, seating and
shopping needs in a unique Indian inspired format.
The international departure lounge integrates a cool
lighting concept to create a soothing retail
environment.
The international departure lounge offers quality dining of
an international standard designed to create a relaxing
environment for the frequent flyer.
The entire retail, food and
beverage experience has been
carefully planned throughout
the terminal to create a place
of excitement, discovery and
recreation.
A central retail zone is at the heart
of the domestic departure lounge
creating a central focal point.
Topiary and seating have
been integrated to create
relaxing waiting areas for the
domestic. The domestic
departure
lounge creates
an inviting
environment
by using a
vibrant, warm
lighting
concept.
•Mumbai is a cosmopolitan city – a city that welcomes
people from all over India and the world. it
comfortably respects tradition while celebrating the
new.
8. INTRODUCTION
Chhatrapati shivaji international airport formerly known as sahar
international airport, is the primary international airport serving
the mumbai metropolitan area, india. It is the second
busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international
passenger traffic after delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in
asia and 29th busiest airport in the world .
The airport is operated by Mumbai International Airport
Limited (MIAL), a Joint Venture (trades) between the Airports
Authority of India and the GVK Industries Ltd which was
CSIA is capable of Handling 40 million passengers and 1 million metric tonnes of cargo
Annually. The 410 000 m2 building, being constructed At the site of the existing terminal.
appointed in February 2006 to carry out the modernisation of the Airport.
The new integrated terminal T2 was inaugurated on 10 January 2014 and opened for
international operations on 12 February 2014. A dedicated six lane, elevated road connecting
the new terminal with the main arterial Western Express Highway was also opened to the
public the same day.
9. History
RAF Santacruz was constructed in the 1930s. It was a bigger airfield
than Juhu and was home to several RAF squadrons during World
War II from 1942 to 1947. The Airport covered an area of about
1,500 acres (610 ha) and initially had three runways. The apron
existed on the south side of runway 09/27, and the area, referred to
today as the "Old Airport", houses, among others, maintenance
hangars of Air India, Air Works India and MIAL's General
Aviation Terminal. By 1946, when the RAF began the process of
handing over the airfield to the Director General of Civil Aviation for
Civil operations,two old abandoned hangars of the Royal Air Force
had been converted into a terminal for passenger traffic. One hangar
was used as a domestic terminal and the other for international
traffic. It had counters for customs and immigration checks on either
side and a lounge in the centre. Air India handled its passengers in
its own terminal adjoining the two hangars.In its first year, it handled
six civilian services a day.
Terminal 1B being
expanded in 2006
A portrait of the Maratha Emperor,
Chhatrapati Shivaji, after whom the
airport is named, at one of the
passenger terminals
10. Structure
• The airport consists of two passenger terminals: Terminal 1 Santacruz for
domestic flights and Terminal 2 Sahar for both international and domestic flights.
While both terminals use the same airside facilities, they are physically separated
6km on the city side, requiring a 15–20-minute (landside) drive between them.
MIAL operates coach shuttle services between the two terminals for the
convenience of transit passengers.
Airside works
11. Runways
• The airport has two intersecting runways. Both runways have been
upgraded to Code F, which means they can accommodate larger aircraft
like the Airbus A380 the capacity of the airport can be increased, MIAL set
a target of 48 aircraft movements an hour in an effort to reduce
congestion at the airport. Both runways were operated simultaneously
especially during peak hours to try and attain this target. MIAL scrapped
simultaneous Cross-runway flight operations in mid-2013 after it found
that single runway operations were more effective for increasing Aircraft
movements per hour. Runway 14/32 is now used only when the main
runway is unavailable due to maintenance or other reasons.The
construction of new rapid exit taxiways helped in increasing flight handling
capacity from 32 movements per hour to 44 in 2012.
• Issues with utilising 14/32 are:
• Trombay Hill, lies 8.3 km away from the 32 end, an approach that was
temporarily made a No-Fly zone because the Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre (BARC) nuclear complex at Trombay lies within its flight path.
12. Runways
DIRECTION LENGTH SURFACE
M Ft
14/32 2,990 9,760 Asphalt
09/27 3,660 12,008 Asphalt
Once the longest commercial runway in India, Runway 09/27 is the airport's main
runway. 13 taxiways, including four rapid exit taxiways, connect it to a full-length
parallel taxiway to its north. It intersects the secondary runway south of the
terminal buildings. The reconstruction of the runway was completed in May 2011.
The runway width was increased from 45 metres (148 ft) to 60 metres (200 ft) with
a runway shoulder width of 7.5 m added on each side.
Runway 14/32 has ten taxiways including three rapid exit taxiways that
connect to a parallel taxiway running along its eastern flank. It runs
between Terminals 1 and 2 and was reconstructed in 2010. The runway
shoulders were widened from 7.5 to 15 metres (25 to 49 ft).
13. Air traffic control tower
India's tallest Air Traffic
Control (ATC) Tower with a height of
85 m (279 ft) stands in a section of the
parking area opposite terminal 1B.
The triangular three-dimensional
structure with soft vertices that won
the Hong Kong Building Information
Modeling (BIM) Award for the year
2009, has six storeys commencing
from 62.1 m (204 ft). The tower was
inaugurated on 18 October 2013 and
took over operations on 1 January
2014.
Features
Built in a site area of 1200 sq.m, the
tower consists of 3 floors at its base
called the technical block for security
and Airport Authority of India (AAI)
staff for ATC operation.
ATC sky tower
14. There are 4 floors at the top called the ‘Stalk and CAB’
that accommodates the ATC operational
area, navigation equipment, etc. The rest of the tower
between the technical block and stalk is only a RCC shaft
housing lifts and staircases.
PHE- UG sump works
Domestic tank (2 nos) = 30,150 litres
Fire storage tank = 4,24,000 litres
Flush (grey water) = 30,552 litres
Electrical
Transformer (2 nos) = 1000 KVA each
Diesel generator (2 nos) = 1000 KVA each
HVAC
Air cooled direct expansion type
packaged air conditioning units for
technical block and cab level with
estimated cooling load of 190.6 KW
for technical block and 175.5 KW
for cab Level. The staircase and
firemen lift has been provided with one
duty and one stand-by pressurization
fan for each area.
During construction
Side view plan
15. Terminals
• Terminal 1 (A-B-C) or Domestic Terminal
• History Some of the locals identify the Terminal 1 as Santacruz
airport, because that was the name of the airport several years ago
• 3 Buildings The terminal 1 is divided in 3 main buildings: A - B - C.
• Terminal 1A Was first used in 1992. Currently the departures level
is closed.
• Terminal 1B Is used by SpiceJet, IndiGo and GoAir. Was the main
building of the old airport Santa Cruz.
• Terminal 1C It is the newest (opened at 2010). It is not used to
departures/arrivals, only for boarding for all airlines from of
Terminals 1A and 1B. Is used by SpiceJet, IndiGo and GoAir.
• Domestic Terminal is busiest during the day.
16. View of terminal 1
Parking area of domestic terminal Slums area near terminal 1
17. Larsen & Toubro (L&T) was awarded the contract to construct the new Terminal 2.
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) was the architectural designer of the project.
SOM also provided the schematic design of structure and MEP and the detailed
structural design of the roof. Detailed design of the foundations and the rest of the
structure and civil works, the MEP, IT and airport systems, including the full construction
documentation of the project was carried out by L&T's in house design team, EDRC
(Engineering Design and Research Center). The terminal covers a land area of 210,000
square metres and has replaced the previous International Terminal (which has already
been demolished). The entire project was estimated to cost 98 billion
and employ over 12,000 workers. The X-shaped terminal has a total floor area of
450,000 square metres across four floors and handles both domestic and international
passengers. It includes new taxiways and apron areas for aircraft parking designed to
cater to 40 million passengers annually.The iconic structure has boarding gates on
two piers extending southwards from a central processing building featuring a 42-metre
high roof employing over 20,000 metric tonnes of fabricated steel covering 30 acres.
The new T2 terminal building operates Multiple Aircraft Ramp System (MARS) stands
and swing gates.
Terminal 2
18. The new terminal has around 21,000 square meters of retail space, lounges and travel
services, over 5,000 square meters of landscaping and a multi level car park for 5,000 cars.
The parking Management System and Revenue control system for the entire MLCP has been
designed and supplied by SKIDATA.[57] It has 192 check-in counters and 60 immigration
counters for departing passengers, and 14 baggage carousels and 76 immigration counters
for arriving passengers. To transfer passengers across its four levels, the building has 48
escalators and 75 elevators. The terminal also features 42 travelators. In the initial phase of
development, the apron adjoining T2 provides a total of 48 stands including 3 Code F stands
for the A-380)
The GVK Lounge, the first common luxury lounge at an airport in India, opened in
November 2014.[58] The lounge is open to First class and Business class travellers
nd can accommodate 440 guests at a time.. It is spread over 30,000 square feet
across two levels of the terminal and has a library, a business centre and fine-dining
options, apart from the usual facilities like concierge services, smoking zone, Food
and Beverage, bar, luxury spa, shower area and a relaxation area. The luxury lounge
has won the ‘World’s Leading Airport Lounge – First Class 2015’ award at the World
Travel Awards 2015 held in Morocco.
24. CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI AIRPORT, MUMBAI
Mumbai is a major business hub in India with many Indian corporation head offices and foreign financial company branches located within the city. Mumbai also
hosts a prosperous entertainment industry and is one of a few prominent locations for the media industry in India. Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport is located
approximately 34km north of the central city area.
25. FACILITIES
• 14 baggage carousels
• 192 check-in counters
• 60 immigration counters for departing passengers,
• 76 immigration counters for arriving passengers.
• 5 levels of security screening
• 87 elevators
• 55 escalators
• 42travelators
• 52 passenger boarding bridges
• 1,98,000 sq.m granite for flooring
• 161 58 self-check-in kiosks
• 50 feet high check-in hall
• 70 m wide departure bay
• 40,000 sq.m canopy
• 21,000 sq.m of retail shopping
• Material sourced from 25 countries
• elevators
check-in counters
Mumbai International airport T2 boarding gates
26. Vertical & horizontal transportation
ELEVATORS
There are 87 elevators with stops
ranging from 2 to 20 landings with a
handling capacity of 544 to 5000 kg and
speeds varying from 0.5 to 1 m/s. A high
capacity elevator is installed exclusively
for moving large show pieces and
automobiles into the retail area. Six
scenic elevators made entirely of glass
greatly enhance the ambience of the
terminal.
Escalator
With a capacity to handle 9000 persons/ hour,
the heavy duty escalators have
a rated speed of 0.5 m/s and rise range
from 3 to 11.6 m. Among the 55
escalators installed is ‘India’s tallest
airport escalator’ which rises to 11.6
meters going all the way from the 6th to
10th level of the multi-level car parking
(MLCP). Eight escalators are exclusively
for the transportation of passengers
between MLCP and the terminal
building.
Travelators
Travelators a.k.a ‘moving walkways’ have
been thoughtfully provided around the
terminal to improve passenger mobility.
MIAL features 41 of such equipment
with a handling capacity of 16,200
persons / hour and a rated speed of 0.65
m/s. If installed one behind another, the
travelators would measure a whopping
1.3 km in length. MIAL also features
the first ‘Pit-less Travelator’ installed in
Asia which eliminates the need for a
‘travelator pit’ and simply rests on the
finished floor.
27. Baggage Handling System
Passenger baggage reclaim area
The baggage handling system of the
Mumbai International Airport has been
designed and executed, embracing
many new features and services, to make
the processing of hold baggages easier,
less stressful and reassuring for
passenger
Aerial view of tilt tray sorter
Vertical sorting unit
FIDs screen of baggage handling system
28. • The GVK Lounge, the first common luxury lounge at an airport in India, opened in
November 2014. It is spread over 30,000 square feet across two levels of the
terminal and has a library, a business centre and fine-dining options, apart from
the usual facilities like concierge services, smoking zone, Food and Beverage, bar,
luxury spa, shower area and a relaxation area. The luxury lounge has won the
‘World’s Leading Airport Lounge – First Class 2015’ award at the World Travel
Awards 2015 held in Morocco.
View of interiors of
Mumbai Airport T2
29. Multi-level car park
The Multi-level Car
Parking (MLCP) at MIAL
could easily be India’s
largest at an airport
packed with some of the
most passenger-friendly
conveniences. The 10 floor MLCP has
a 5000 car and 400 two wheeler capacity and
can be accessed from both the elevated and at
graderoad levels. Built on a 2.32 lakh sq.m area,
it connects to every level of the terminal via
8 elevators and 8 escalators for hassle-free
movement. The MLCP is also stacked with adequate
trolleys for baggage handling and wheelchairs for
the differently abled. The HVAC system includes 3324 fans
for ventilation and the entire building
features a world-class fire detection
and protection system apart from CCTV
surveillance and public announcement
systems for enhanced safety of passengers.
Facilities current earlier
Car parking 5,000 3,600
View of the state-of-the-art
floor decking system at the
MLCP
View of Multi-Level Car Parking of Mumbai
Airport T2
30. Electrical works
Powering-up with passion
View of one of the substations
The conceptualisation of lighting and power distribution
system for theterminal area went through substantial
contemplation for it plays a major rolein enhancing the
ambience and providing well-spread power availability. The
entire focus was therefore on enhancing the ‘WOW’ factor.
Control panels in substation
An array of control panels
Diesel generators for back-up power
31. Lighting works
Highlighting the features
Chandeliers resembling lotus petals
Aesthetically bright
The Lighting Control & Monitoring
System (LCMS) features advanced
innovations such as day-light
harvesting, lumen maintenance, time
scheduling and scene setting to optimise
energy efficiency using DALI, DMX &
circuit switching controllers. Mono-colour
LEDs, RGB LEDs in retail, landscape and
water-feature areas are grouped and
controlled through DMX for dimming
and creating sequences to create a
vibrant atmosphere.
Lighting that integrates skylight and electrical light
Decorative ceiling lights at retail area
Lighting at the head house roof
32. MATERIALS USED IN CSIA INTERIORS
• Materials such as natural stone,
• backpainted glass, laquered wood,
• metal, detailed pre-sprayed metal and
• timber are encouraged.
33. FACILITIES
Exterior view of utility complexCozy interiors that give a soothing experience
FIDs screen at the check-in counter area
Interior view of Airport Operations Control
Center
34.
35. IT systems
• 25 airport IT systems
• 1560 km of CAT 6 cabling
• 333 km of OFC cabling
• 15,600 IT ports
• 2190 CCTV cameras
• 747 access control devices
• 3500 speakers for announcement
• 1026 flight information screens
• 931 antenna systems
Other highlights
• 5,000 capacity multi-level car parking
• 3.3 km long, 6 lane, elevated corridor
• 83.8 meter ATC sky tower
• 6.5 km of runway and 12 km of taxiway
• 1 million sq.m of apron area
36. Airside Works
Soaring above the superlative
The journey towards creating a world-class airport at Mumbai started in mid
2007. The challenge was to strike a balance between undertaking a complex
construction project whilst maintaining operations in one of India’s busiest
airports. Being a brownfield project, it was absolutely necessary to envisage the
complexities involved in executing airside works without disturbing operations
Bird’s eye view of the airside View of runway after up-gradation works
37. Illuminated view of apron Veiw of remote stand for parking
Terminal trials started in May 2013 with single process trials where the focus was on a
single process liketerminal entry, trolley movement,check-in, staff entry, delivery of goods
and waste management. Once the single process trials were completed successfully, integrated
trials started where different processes were simulated in an integrated manner like departure
trial involving the check-in process, security screening, immigration and boarding.
38. Planning and phasing of airfield
works: were divided into ‘Seasons’with one season defined as the working
duration from 1st October to 31st May of
a particular year.
Season 2008-09: During this season,
the projects executed included the delta
taxiway stage 1 & 2, apron H, central
loop, 14 end loop, 32 loop and T1C
apron, selected for multiple work front
creation and improving the efficiency of
the runway.
Season 2009-10: Projects taken up and
completed were the runway 14/32 upgradation,
runway intersection works,
T2 apron, delta taxiway stage 3 to 6 and
runway 09 west end
Season 10-11: The projects handled
included the runway 09/27 upgradation,
T2 apron, delta taxiway stage
7 to 9 and Mithi River phase 1.
Season 11-12: The Mithi River phase 2,
Mithi River bridge strengthening work,
taxiway N1, taxiway E3, taxiway N1-
N3 junction, engine run-up bay and T2
apron were handled.
DIRECTION LENGTH WIDTH SURFACE
M Ft M
14/32 2,990 9,760 60 Asphalt
09/27 3,660 12,008 60 Asphalt
39. Airfield Ground Lighting
View of air field ground lighting
The Runway and Taxiway Lighting System have
been designed to handle Code F Aircraft Airbus
(A 380-800) which is presently the biggest
flying aircraft and in aviation history too.
PAPI system
Being one of Asia’s busiest runways,
Mumbai’s airport is equipped with
an advanced Precision Approach
Path Indicator System, also known as
‘Instrumental landing’ that ensures
displaced threshold design to clear
obstacles around the airport.
View of PAPI lights
40. Major Quantities
• HT / PCC Panels - 3 nos
• Transformers - 2 nos
• UPS - 2 nos
• HT/LT Cables - 6 km
• Distribution Boards - 55 nos
• Conduiting - 29 km
• Light Fixtures - 1624 nos Illuminated view of NACIL hangar
Power and control network for AGL
• India’s tallest ATC has a sandwich busduct
from ground to the top floor (level 22) along
with tapping provisions at all floors.
• External lights are provided at level 1, level 4
and level 20 to add to aesthetics and grandeur.
•LCMS is provided at all levels to reduce the
intensity of lights
•according to the requirement of the user and
to reduce power consumption to save costs.
• All the necessary access control systems,
CCTV cameras and building management
systems guard this important and security
Sensitive installation.
41. STRUCTURE
Beyond typical gravity and
seismic loads on the roof, special loading
considerations were taken for the
cable wall which applies a significant
wind load to the roof structure and
whose cables are pre-stressed against
the roof trusses at the northern end
of the terminal. The wind loading also
presented challenges as a significant
portion of the Headhouse Roof is
open to the outdoors and behaves as
a canopy. In order to create one of the largest
roofs in the world without an expansion
joint, the roof mega-columns and
steel roof structure were kept completely
independent from the base
concrete structures below. Large
openings in the concrete base structure
allow the mega-columns to pass
through as well as create architectural
design features. In response to the functional
requirement . of the space below the roof, the
entire Headhous e Roof is supported
on just 30 composite mega-columns.
Headhouse Roof construction photographs: top, terminal buil ding
panorama;
Headhouse roof to left, May 2012; middle, Headhouse Roof over
departure level roadway,
February 2012; bottom, stages of column pod installation
42. Unidirectional Cable Wall
System
Another unique feature of this project
is the cable wall exterior cladding
system. The Terminal Buildin g
features two separate cable wall systems
totaling over 1 km in length
and 11 000 m2 in area, making it the
longest and largest cable wall in the
world. It includes a number of unique
features that create various challenges
in the design and detailing of the
structure. Both cable walls comprise
unidirectional cables spanning vertically
between two levels of the terminal
Structure. After establishing
the appropriate gravity and wind
loads, a finite element was built including
the cables and support structure.Wrapping metal deck slabs in-filled between
concrete moment frame systems. At all locations
, the regular grid system has resulted in the repetitive use of
concrete formwork and economy in construction.
Cable wall corner
condition
Expansionjoint
15 M High
cable wall
with
vestibules
Expansion
joint
Cble wall
corner
condition
Expansion
joint
Expansion
joint
Variable height
cable
wall with backup
system
Curved cable wall
as clearstory
1. Cable wall plan and support conditions;
2. Headhouse Roof and cable wall wind tunnel study model;
3. cable wall structural analysis model with back-up systems
1
2
3
43. Cable wall construction photographs (clockwise from top left) varying-height
cable wall with steel column back-up system; cable wall at entrance vestibule;
departure level cable wall with column pod beyond; curved cable wall along
cleresto ry zone; departure level cable wall connected directly to Headhouse
Roof
44. Three-dimensional structural model of
Headhouse Roof framing; (b) section
through Headhouse Roof
4 m Truss depth 9 m Truss depth
40 m Cantilever64 m Truss span
Waffle slab
40 m Cantilever
64 m
Span
34 m
Span
45. SCOPE AND SCALE
• The size and scale of the project is difficult to appreciate by photography
alone. The components manufactured were unusually large and complex.
Standard coffers were 2.8M x 2.7M (9’-2L” x 8’-9W”).
• Column shafts were 3M (10’-0”)W x 4M (13’-0”)L x 8M tall (26’-0”)
• Column capitals were 7M tall (22’-0”) and 34M (111’-0) in diameter, and made
up of 320 pieces
• The scope of components supplied included:
– Standard coffers – 3,055
– Coffer caps – 1,249
– Capital perimeter parts – 879
– Capital parts – 5,017
– Column shafts – 2,470
– Domes and troughs – 183
– Perimeter coffers – 326
– Skylights – 1,969
•
46. • Shell and Core
• 10 lakh cu.m of concrete
• 58,000 t of reinforcement bar
• 36,000 t of structural steel
• 36,000 sq.m of skylight
• 1.4 lakh sq.m of membrane roofing
• 28,000 sq.m of façade
• 12,000 sq.m of cable net wall
• 30 free-standing mega columns
