2. Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock is created when existing rock breaks down
into sediments, and then the sediments are recombined by
compaction and cementation
4. Weathering
Weathering is any process that breaks down rock.
There are two types of weathering
Chemical weathering
Mechanical weathering
5. Chemical Weathering
Chemical Weathering is the transformation of rock into
one or more new compounds
Water is the most important agent of chemical weathering
6. Mechanical Weathering
Mechanical weathering occurs when physical forces break
rock into smaller and smaller pieces without changing its
composition
7. Mechanical Weathering
Three forces account for the majority of mechanical
weathering:
Frost wedging
Unloading
Biological Activity
10. Biological Activity
The activities of plants and animals can cause rock to
break apart
For example tree roots can break through rock layers, or
borrowing animals creating holes in rock.
11.
12. Erosion
Erosion is the removal of rock and its movement by water,
wind, ice, or gravity.
13. Deposition
When water, wind, ice or gravity loses energy the sediments
are released and deposited in a new area.
Sediments are deposited according to size, with larger
sediments being released first
16. Cementation
Cementation takes place when dissolved minerals are
deposited in tiny spaces among the sediments.
These minerals hold the sedimentary rocks together
17. Classification of Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rocks like igneous rock can be classified into
two groups based on how the form:
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
18. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are created when weathered
bits of rocks or minerals are cemented together
19. Chemical and Biochemical
Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary rocks are created when dissolved
minerals precipitate from water solutions
Biochemical Sedimentary rocks are created when living or
once living materials are cemented together
20. Features of Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary rock can have unique features that can help us
interpret the history of the Earth.
Some Features include:
Ripples
Mud Cracks
Fossils