AT 501 7 8 2016

Library Resources for
Athletic Training
LINDA GALLOWAY LGALLOWA@CHAPMAN.EDU
HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARIAN, RINKER HEALTH SCIENCE CAMPUS

Evidence-Based Practice in Athletic
Training
• Developing Clinical Questions
• Literature Searching
• Types of Research
• Levels of Evidence and Strength Recommendation
• Appraisal Scales
• Statistics Terminology
• Reliability Coefficients
• Critically Appraised Papers & Topics
• Patient Reported Outcomes
• Disablement Models

Today’s agenda
PART 1
1. Introductions
2. Libraries
◦ Website, locations, hours
◦ Remote access to library resources
◦ Databases
◦ PubMed, specialized, Google Scholar
◦ Interlibrary loan (ILL)
3. Break!
PART 2
4. Class work – develop question & search
in one of the resources we’ve learned
about – except for PubMed
5. EndNote
◦ What is it, how to use
◦ Organizing content
6. Class work – Search question in
PubMed, save citations in EN, create
bibliography
7. Class wrap-up
3

http://chapman.libguides.com/athletic

Physical Spaces
Leatherby Libraries – Orange
Campus – check out books, reserve
rooms, borrow technology, study,
socialize, librarian help/assistance,
etc.
Rinker Health Science Study
Commons – reference books (in
library use only), group and
individual study rooms (9), librarian
help/assistance
5

Remote Access to Library Resources
Almost all electronic resources are available off
campus via our proxy server
Log on once and until you close your browser are
recognized as Chapman student
Navigate to databases/resources via the Libraries
website or the Research Guide so you are
recognized as an affiliated person

Finding Articles
Library search tool
• Discover
Databases Menu
• Search through subject categories for links to our many databases
Research/Subject Guides
• Athletic Training
• Citation/Style Guide
• Plus many more!

It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, as
long as it can catch mice, it's a good cat.

Databases to remember
PubMed
• Database from the National Library of Medicine that includes MEDLINE citations in the areas
of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, public health, allied healths.
Provides links to some full text articles.
SPORTDiscus
• Source of literature for sports and sports medicine, providing full-text content from many well-known
and respected sources. Covers sport, fitness, and related disciplines. Limit of 4 simultaneous users.
CINAHL Plus
• Contains references and some full text, plus legal cases, clinical innovations, critical paths,
drug records, research instruments, and clinical trials.

When searching databases…
Remember: RATS
Key words
Synonyms
Subjects
Suggested topics
Types of materials
• Scholarly Journals, Magazines, etc.
Read All The Screens!

Finding full text
Sometimes a challenge!

Searching the Literature
MICHELLE A. CLEARY PHD, ATC
LINDA GALLOWAY, MSLIS

Purpose
Review the steps of evidence-based practice
Describe the process of literature searching

Evidence-Based Practice
STEP PROCESS
1. Developing an answerable
clinical question
Define the problem you wish to investigate
Establish the goals and values of the
patient
2. Search for the best evidence
Search literature and other resources for
information relating to your clinical question
3. Appraise the evidence
Determine the quality and applicability of
what you find in your search
4. Application of the best
evidence
Combine evidence with clinical
experiences and expertise while paying
attention to the patient’s values
5. Evaluate the outcomes
Assessment of the effectiveness of the
application
Sackett et al 1996; Wanvarie et al 2006; Fonteyn 2005, Burns & Foley 2005

Literature Searching
 Conduct an efficient literature search:
• SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, CINAHL Plus ,
Physical Education Index the Cochrane Library are subscription resources
paid for by the libraries at Chapman University
• PubMed and Google Scholar are free to all and can be accessed in another
browser window to practice along with this tutorial
 The second step in the EBP process involves searching for research evidence
to answer a clinical question.
 You should be familiar with various databases and searching strategies to
locate appropriate information

Journal Articles
 Primary Source –
• Original document containing firsthand information
• Lab notebooks, interviews
• Original research including journal articles and preprints
 Secondary Source –
• Publications about the significance of research or experiments
• Analysis of a clinical trial
• Review article
• Systematic review
A peer reviewed primary source is a work that is evaluated by experts in
the field of study prior to publication. Serves as a measure of quality
control.

Recognize the difference
between a trade publication
and a journal…..
PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL
ARTICLE:
 EVALUATED BY EXPERTS BEFORE PUBLICATION
 CREDIBILITY ASSURED
 QUALITY CONTROLLED
 EXTENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Databases
Organized online collections of scholarly articles from journals,
periodicals, or books.
Invaluable when searching for evidence to answer a clinical
question.
Find citations, abstracts, and sometimes free full text articles or
links to full text articles for purchase.
Require a subscription must log into library site to access

Keywords
 Determining your key words will provide you with a starting point for your literature
search.
 Main concepts of the clinical question with search term or terms
 Example. Is therapeutic ultrasound more effective than electrical stimulation in reducing
swelling and increasing tissue extensibility for athletes with posterior-lateral ankle sprains?
 The clinical question can then be broken down into conceptual terms
• Therapeutic ultrasound
• Electrical stimulation
• Swelling
• Tissue extensibility
• Athletes
• Lateral ankle sprain
 Broaden search such as ankle, tissue, sprain, and ultrasound.

Definitions
 MeSH (medical subject headings) terms
• National Library of Medicine’s controlled vocabulary of biomedical terms Used to
describe each journal article in MEDLINE
• Example: “ankle” and “tarsal bones”
 Mapping
• Process in which the database will match the keyword you enter to a subject heading
 Boolean operators
• Used when combing search terms.
• The operator term “AND” retrieves results that include all search terms, the operator
term “OR” retrieves results that includes at least one of the search terms, and the
operator term “NOT” can be used to exclude terms from the search.
• When searching for information on ankle sprains, type into the search box, “ankle
AND sprain” or “talocrural NOT subtalar.”

Definitions
Stop words – the, and, how, not, etc. – search tools typically
ignore these words
Truncation – sometimes automatic; allows you to search all
items that begin with a word. Often using an * will find
variant endings of a word, or just type in the root word.
• For example typing walk* into the search box will return words such
as walks, walking, walker, etc.

Databases
 CINAHL Plus: http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/1430/goto
 SPORTDiscus: http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/6803/goto
 ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source:
http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/6790/goto
 Physical Education Index : http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/6787/goto
 Cochrane Library: http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/1432/goto
 PubMed: http://cufts2.lib.sfu.ca/CRDB/COU/resource/6794/goto
 PEDro: www.pedro.org.au
 Google Scholar: http://scholar.google.com

CINAHL Plus
Comprehensive resource for nursing and allied
health. Contains references and some full text,
plus legal cases, clinical innovations, critical
paths, drug records, research instruments, and
clinical trials.
CINAHL Plus:

SPORTDiscus
Source of literature for sports and sports medicine, providing full-text content
from many well-known and respected sources. Covers sport, fitness, and
related disciplines. Limit of 4 simultaneous users.
SPORTDiscus:

ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
Covers nursing; allied health; alternative and complementary
medicine designed to meet the needs of researchers and students.
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source:

Physical Education Index
Index to scholarly and trade literature in subjects ranging from
physical education curricula to sports medicine; dance and much
more.
Physical Education Index :

Cochrane Library
 Regularly updated systematic reviews
 A systematic review is a compilation of
several articles on a particular topic;
systematic reviews of randomized controlled
trials are considered the highest level of
evidence.
Systematic
reviews
Randomizd
controlled
trials
Cohort studies
Case-control studies
Case series/reports
Expert opinion, Ideas, editorials
Cochrane Library:

PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database)
Free database managed by the Centre for Evidence-Based Physiotherapy
PEDro is a free database of over 33,000 randomised trials, systematic reviews
and clinical practice guidelines in physiotherapy.
May need to access another database to obtain the article
Hint: put “article title” in quotation marks and search in Google Scholar to
locate full text
www.pedro.org.au

Google Scholar
Free access search engine
Searchable by date, relevant term
Set up to work with Library Links to access full text
http://scholar.google.com

Strategies for Searching Databases
Keywords vs controlled vocabulary
Boolean operators
Exploding and truncation
Filters

Keywords vs Controlled Vocabulary
 Keyword searching
• Text word searching
• Keywords derived from your clinical question
• Can lower extremity injury prevention programs effectively reduce anterior
cruciate ligament injury rates in adolescent athletes?
• Only searches for the term used
 Controlled vocabulary
• Medial Subject Headings (MeSH): terms used to become more efficient in a
search
• Assists with narrowing down the search, but may allow for the discovery of
more sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html

Boolean Operators
A logical word or symbol to connect 2 or more words or
phrases
Most common operators are:
• “AND”: combine key words and all must appear in the
citation
• “OR”: any one of the key words used in the search must
appear in the citation (but all do not)
• “NOT”: used when you would like to exclude a particular
term that regularly appears
Operators can be used in conjunction with one another

Managing Your Literature Search
Create NCBI account (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed)
Saving literature searches
Setting up automatic alerts
Using citation management software

Filters
Limiting variable
• Article type
• Text availability
• Publication dates
• Languages
• Sex
• Ages
• Journal categories

Conclusion
• Literature searching is important to answer questions that arise in clinical
practice.
• The search strategies can be used across all databases.
• It may be easier to start a broad search to retrieve many articles on the
topic then narrow your search with limitations to get to the heart of your
clinical question.
• If you have additional questions about searching a particular database you
can access the database’s help feature.

Although Google
Scholar is easy to use,
you lose the value-
added components of a
search in a specialized
database

PubMed
 National Library of Medicine database that includes MEDLINE citations in the areas of
medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, public health, allied healths.
Provides links to some full text articles.
 PubMed Central is a repository of freely accessible articles
 Publications resulting from research funded by most federal agencies must be made open
access after a reasonable amount of time
 Best database biomedical literature

Entering search terms in PubMed
Don’t use any punctuation until you have tried your search first
PubMed inserts AND between all terms
The more terms you enter, the more specific your search will be
Search term hierarchy (Automatic Term Mapping):
• Subjects (using the Medical Subject Headings)
• Journals
• Authors
PubMed automatically searches for phrases during Automatic Term Mapping

How does marijuana ingestion interact with orlistat taken for weight loss?
How did PubMed interpret my
search??

MeSH headings from a Case Report

Services
Interlibrary loan (ILL) and book delivery
Research & Reference help
Avoiding plagiarism & citing sources

Interlibrary Loan
Allows us to acquire items we don’t own, or are not on the Rinker Campus
Free to students
Used for delivery of materials (books and articles) to Rinker Campus students,
includes return mailing envelope
You must create an ILL account before using this service

Research Assistance
Reference Help
• Help defining a topic for research
• Finding articles, evaluating sources
• Email, text, chat, phone, in person
Citation Management Tools
• EndNote, RefWorks, Zotero, Mendeley
Keeping up with the Literature
65

Class activity
 Use the worksheet to develop your clinical question
 Conduct a search in one or more of the databases described (not PubMed)
 Modify your search as you use the tools provided in the resource
 Find two good articles on your topic
 Can you access full text of the articles??

 You will also see a list of related citations and a list of other articles that
have cited the article.

Searching Multiple Databases
 Keep in mind that not all databases are the same, nor are they all inclusive.
 Some databases have a specific date range of articles that can be found in
the database.
 Also, not all journals can be found in every database.
 Utilize multiple databases in your literature search in order to thoroughly
investigate a clinical question.

Managing your literature search:
introduction to citation managers
WHAT THEY ARE, WHAT THEY DO
CREATE YOUR ENDNOTE LIBRARY
SAVE CITATIONS

Citation Management Tools
Ask your professor, advisor or lab director which tool they prefer…
EndNote – Web version (lite) free & available through Web of
Science
Zotero – open source citation manager
Mendeley – open source citation manager and discovery tool
http://chapman.libguides.com/citations
72

What do these tools do?
Create collections of articles, books, webpages (and lots more) for use in
research
Format and create bibliographies using a particular citation style
Link to the source materials
Store the source materials
Insert in-text citations and bibliography entries while writing in Microsoft
Word
Collaborate and share collections with others

Add citations from PubMed to your
EndNote Library
 Open up your EndNote library by logging in via this link EndNote OR by accessing via the
research guide: http://chapman.libguides.com/endnote
 Conduct your search in PubMed and save citations of interest to your ‘Clipboard’
 Export the clipboard to your EndNote library by following directions on the next few slides
 Check that your citations have correctly imported and create a ‘Group’ (folder, or collection)
of these citations

Select the citation(s) and Send to -> Clipboard
then Add to Clipboard

To add citations to EndNote, click the Send to menu at the upper right
corner of your results or Clipboard. Select Citation manager. Then, click
the Create File button.

Login to EndNote, select Collect and
Import References

Browse for the file, Import Option is
PubMed and choose destination folder

Reference(s) should import smoothly
EndNote works differently on
computers with various software
versions and operating systems.
Consult this guide for help with
EndNote:
http://chapman.libguides.com/endno
te

Find American Medical Association
(AMA) citation style – here it is JAMA

Create your bibliography in JAMA style
1. Brooks SV, Bigelow S. Preparing students for research:
faculty/librarian collaboration in a pre-doctoral physical
therapy research course. Health Info Libr J.
2015;32(4):332-338.
2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-
Learning Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge
and Skills. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.
2010;74(8).

Always check your citations to make sure they
are correct – JAMA style requires abbreviated
journal titles….
2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-Learning
Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge and Skills.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2010;74(8).
In this case, the journal title was not properly abbreviated. I need to check the correct
abbreviation using JOURNALS IN NCBI DATABASES website in PubMed;
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals
2. Devraj R, Butler LM, Gupchup GV, Poirier TI. Active-Learning
Strategies to Develop Health Literacy Knowledge and Skills. Am
J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(8).

My NCBI
 Save searches
 Receive email when new articles matching search are indexed in PubMed
 Many more features!

All students search for articles in
PubMed, populate your EndNote
Library and create a bibliography of
at least 5 articles.

What is Plagiarism?
Copy from published sources without adequate
documentation.
Paraphrase from a written source without giving
credit to the author.
Paraphrase from the web without giving credit.

How do you avoid plagiarism?
Paraphrase and give credit to source.
Use quotation marks and give credit to
source.
Compose your own work and give credit to
sources used.

Questions and class
wrap up
HAPPY FRIDAY!!

AT 501 7 8 2016

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

En vedette

En vedette (12)

Similaire à AT 501 7 8 2016

Similaire à AT 501 7 8 2016 (20)

Plus de Linda Galloway

Plus de Linda Galloway (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

AT 501 7 8 2016

Notes de l'éditeur