Drafting technology y3

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

Unit of Competency: Draft Architectural Layout and Details
Module No.: 1

Module Title:

Drafting Architectural Layout and
Details

AKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, the teachers assigned to work on the Competency Based
Curriculum (CBC) and Contextual Learning Material (CLM) and
Competency – Based Learning Modules (CBLM) particularly in
TECHNICAL DRAFTING, wish to express our gratitude and appreciation for
having been given the chance to take part in this educational breakthrough.
With high hopes we look forward to the improvement of the TechnicalVocational Education of the country through the development of functional
materials such of these kinds.
Marikina Hotel
Marikina City
May 25-30, 2009
June 5-7, 2009
Technology Writers
Mario S. Gregorio
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
Region XI
Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon
Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region IV-A, Calabarzon
Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Conrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Region I
Rolando V. Inay
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila

i

Percival Magaway
Cabarroguis Natural School of Arts and Trades
Region II, Quirino
English Teacher
Mercy F. Divina
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Math Teacher
Emmanuel V. Dionisio
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Science Teacher
Ma. Lenalyn Q. Manzano
Editorial Specialist
Estrelita Y. Evangelista Ed.D. (Ret.)
CESO VI
DepED-Director, BSE
Beatriz A. Adriano
Principal III
Carolina F. Chavez
Principal II
Muntinlupa Business High School
Facilitator
Orlando E. Manuel Ph.D.
Principal I
Cabarroquis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroquis, Quirino
Region II

ii

Math Specialist
Jesus L. Huenda
Senior Education Program Specialist
DepED-NCR
Encoders
Eduardo B. Dicion Jr.
Integrative School of Quezon City
U.P. Village, Diliman, Quezon City
Jomel Gail O. Ponce
One World Connection
31/F Wynsun Corporate Plaza
Ortigas Center, Pasig City

iii

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................. i-iii
DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................... 1
TECHNICAL TERMS .................................................................................... 2
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ......................................................................3-4
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1 .................................................................5-6
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1 ............................................................................ 7
SELF CHECK 1.1 ..................................................................................... 8
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2 ............................................................... 9-27
SELF-CHECK 1.2 ................................................................................... 28
OPERATION SHEET 1.1 ......................................................................... 29
SELF-CHECK # 1.3 ........................................................................... 30-31
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 .................................................................. 32-33
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1 ............................................................. 34-35
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1 .......................................................................... 36
SELF CHECK 2.1 ................................................................................... 37
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2 ................................................................ 38-40
SELF CHECK 2.2 ................................................................................... 41
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.1 .......................................................................... 49
SELF CHECK 3.1 ................................................................................... 50
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.2 .......................................................................... 54
SELF CHECK 3.2 ................................................................................... 55
OPERATION SHEET 3.2 .................................................................... 56-62
SELF CHECK 4.1 ................................................................................... 72
SELF CHECK 4.2 ................................................................................... 76
SELF CHECK 4.3 ................................................................................... 82
OPERATION SHEET 4.1 .................................................................... 83-89

SELF CHECK 4.4 .............................................................................. 90-91
INFORMATION SHEET 5.2 .............................................................. 99-104
OPERATION SHEET 5.1 ................................................................ 105-109
SELF CHECK 5.1 ................................................................................. 110
SELF CHECK 5.2 .......................................................................... 111-113
LEARNING OUTCOME 6 .............................................................. 114-115
INFORMATION SHEET 6.1 ............................................................ 116-118
OPERATION SHEET 6.1 ................................................................ 119-121
SELF CHECK 6.1 .......................................................................... 122-124
LEARNING OUTCOME 7 ..................................................................... 125
SELF CHECK 7.1 ................................................................................. 135
OPERATION SHEET 1 ................................................................... 136-138
SELF CHECK 7.2 ................................................................................. 146
OPERATION SHEET 7.2 ................................................................ 147-150
LEARNING OUTCOME 8 .............................................................. 151-152
OPERATION SHEET 8.1 ....................................................................... 157
ANSWER KEY .............................................................................. 158-174

HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Activities are properly arranged in this module to help you work at
your own pace. This module also covers the knowledge, skills, and proper
attitude you need in Technical Drafting.
A pre-assessment precedes the learning activities in each module to
determine your level and need.
The learning activity page gives the sequence of the learning task. This
page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.
After you accomplished all the tasks required, a post assessment is given to
check if you are already competent with the specified learning outcome/s
and be ready for the next task.
Definitions of terms are provided in this module for your better
understanding.

Program/ Course

:

DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency

:

DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
AND DETAILS

Module Title

:

Drafting Architectural Layout and Details

INTRODUCTION
Architectural layout and detail drawings are designed to develop the
technical skills and technical know-how of the students in architectural
drafting works. Students will learn to interpret and fully understand the
standard procedure in layouting and detailing of architectural working plans
and drawings.
This module covers how to prepare students learn to draw a
complete set of architectural working drawings.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
LO1 Plan and prepare for work
LO2 Prepare and set up tools and materials for drawing
LO3 Draft Site Development Plans
LO4 Draft Floor Plans
LO5 Draft Roof Plans
LO6 Draft Ceiling Plans
LO7 Draft Elevations and Sections
LO8 Prepare Presentation Drawings

1

TECHNICAL TERMS
Blueprint is a reproduced drawing of architectural plans and layout.
Ceiling is the overhead surface of a room or the material used to line the
surface.
Code is a system of accepted laws and regulations that govern procedure or
behavior in particular circumstances or within a particular profession
Elevation drawing is the exterior and interior works of a building. It is a
perpendicular or upright projection from the floor plan to show
vertical architectural or design details
Floor Plan is an orthographic projection of the floor of a building or a house.
Perspective is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is viewed.
Plan is a drawing or diagram on a horizontal plane of the layout or
arrangement of something.
Revision is an act of changing or revising.
Roof Plan is a roofing plan presenting roof types used.
Scaling refers to enlarging or reducing the drawing using architect’s scale.
Sections are drawings of an object as though they were cut in order to
expose the interior construction.
Site

is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a

building is constructed. A building sites maybe a single lot, a series of lots,
or a subdivision. A lot is a piece of ground of specific size. A subdivision is a
large tract of land that is being developed.
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN or Lot Plan refers to the position and the
location of the building with property line, setbacks, approaches,
grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation to
the site.
Working

drawing

is

a

finished

plan

drawing

containing

complete

information for the workmen.

2

Program/ Course

:

DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency

:

DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND
DETAILS

Module Title

:

Learning Outcome 1

Plan and prepare for work

Assessment Criteria:
1. Drawing tools, materials, and equipment are identified based on
job requirements.
2. Elements of architectural working drawings are identified and
explained.
3. Work instruction is secured following standard operating
procedures.
4. Blueprint is interpreted according to architectural layout, drawing
or job requirements.
References:
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design 4th Edition
Paul I. Wallach. Basic Architectural Drafting, 1982
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10th
Edition: 1960
Emmanuel P. Cuntapay. Implementing Rules and Regulation of the National
Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096), 2005
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing,Delmar Publishing,
1977

3

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome 1: Plan and Prepare for Work
Learning Activities

Special Instruction


Remember important tools,
materials and equipment

2. Answer Self-Check no 1.1



Try to answer the self-check

3. Read information sheet no.



1.2 about architectural



Take note of the details of the
drawings
Remember architectural
abbreviations and symbols
Interpret blueprint reading
Determine tools and
materials used in working
drawings
1.2
Determine tools and
drawings
1.2-1
Remember architectural
abbreviations and symbols
Interpret blueprint reading
Determine tools and
drawings

1.1 about drawing tools,
materials and equipment.

working drawings

4. Answer Self-Check 1.2
5. Read Operation Sheet no.
1.2-1.
6. Answer Self-Check 1.2-1
1.2-2 to 1.2-12 about
architectural working










drawings
8. Answer Self-Check 1.2-2 to



1.2-2 to 12




12
1.3. about company rules
and regulations and
Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP)
10. Answer Self-Check no. 1.3

4

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
LO1 Plan and prepare for work
Review on drafting tools, materials and equipment, their uses and care
Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and
mechanical drawings. As such, the learner must know how to plan and
prepare carefully all drafting tools, materials, and equipment needed for the
required work or job.
It is presumed that all students are already aware on the tools and
materials needed in drafting works considering their prior learning in the
previous year level. However, it is necessary to review their previous learning
to prepare them for higher drafting activity.
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
A. Tools:
1. Drawing pencil
2. Mechanical Pencil
3. Erasing shield
4. Protractor
5. Triangular Scale
6. French curve
7. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener
8. Compass
9. Dusting brush
10. Technical Pen
11. Templates
12. Leroy lettering pen
13. Tape rule/Pull-push rule

5

B. Materials:
1. T-square Parallel rule
3. Triangle Drawing paper
4. Tracing paper
5. Masking tape
6. Eraser
7. Sandpaper Block
C. Equipment:
1. Drawing board/table
2. Drawing stool
The importance, uses and maintenance procedure of these
tools, materials and equipment has been discussed in the previous
modules. It is presumed therefore that you are now ready for a series
of drafting activities.

6

ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1
LO1. Plan and prepare for work
Situation:
Group the students into four and allow each group to assign its
leader and reporter. Each group must be provided with one (1) sheet
manila paper and a piece of pentel pen. Gather all the drafting tools
and materials and display them on the table.
Activity:
1. Give 10 minutes to each group to list down on the manila paper all
the displayed tools and materials according to its classifications.
Allow them to discuss its importance and uses in drafting and
drawing activity considering their prior learning in the previous
modules.
2. Another 5 minutes is allotted to each group to report its respective
outputs.
3. Each group is required to evaluate and give comments on the
output of the assigned reporter according to the following criteria:
a. Identification of tools according to each classification………40%
b. Presentation………………………………………………………30%
c. Delivery……………………………………………………………30%

7

SELF CHECK 1.1

Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
______2. An instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal parts.
______3. Used for marking out distances, as well as, measuring purposes.
______4. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide for
drawing images on plans.
______5. Used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
______6. Most common grade of pencil used in architectural drawing.
______7. Used to draw arcs and circles.
______8. Used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide for triangles.
______9. A thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
______10. Instrument used to reduce or enlarge measurement and distances
and for transferring measurement to the drawing paper.
______11. Used in place of the standard drawing board and T-square.
______12. A high technology machine for drawing purposes.
______13. Used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines.
______14. A pen used for inking mechanical lines.
______15. Instrument used for measuring degree angle.
______16. Used to sharpen pencils into desired lead point.
______17. A thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines to
protect other drawing lines.
______18. It helps pencil lead into a conical shape points.
______19. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
______20. Serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into
desired points.

8

ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications
are the most important parts of the documents constituting the contract.
Information on the designs, locations, and dimensions of the elements of a
building is found on the architectural working drawings while information
on the quality of materials and workmanship is found in the specifications.
A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact
information he needs. It should be clear, simple, and orderly arranged, and
accurately drawn so that scaled measurements will match with dimensions.
The finished drawings made by the architect, or draftsman and used
by

the

contractor

are

called

architectural

working

drawings.

The

architectural working drawings, together with the specifications and the
general conditions, form the legal contract between the owner and the
contractor. Since the working drawings are a major portion of the contract
documents, they should be very carefully drawn.
Students will be able to interpret, identify tools and materials used in
working drawings and fully understand the standard procedure in layouting
and detailing architectural working plans and drawings.

9

Elements of Architectural working drawing
A complete architectural working drawing of a house generally includes
the following:
1. Architectural sheets
a. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior perspective, site
development plan or plot plan, and vicinity map or location
plan is often included in the plan).
PERSPECTIVE is the view as seen by the eyes or it shows the
appearance of the finished building. This drawing represents the
actual form of the proposed building. (See perspective on the
next page).
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN is the outline and

measurements

ofthe proposed building and its placement on the property. it
shows

the

withproperty

position

and

the

location

of

the

building

line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours,

landscape and other pertinent data in relation to the site. A site
development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than
1:200meters. (seesite development plan on the next page.)
LOCATION PLAN is the top view of the site or lot where the
proposed house will be built. It shows the position of the house
inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes
before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is
usually located near the title block. The main line symbol of the
North sign is generally parallel to the side border line of the
drawing paper and points upward.

10

Sheet # 1
SAMPLE BLUEPRINT OF A ONE-STOREY HOUSE

11

Title Page and Index generally includes title block, table of
contents, labels, and the name of the duly licensed and
registered Geodetic Engineer who approves the lot survey plans.
Title Block in House Plan
The title block in house plans includes the following
information:
1. Owner’s name
2. Location or address of the proposed house
3. Lot and block numbers
4. Signature of architect or civil engineer who approves the
plan
5. Draftsman’s name or initials
6. Date when plan was drawn or completed
7. Scale as shown
(See title block in sheet #1)
b. Sheet # 2 – Floor plan, of a 2 Storey House. It includes the Ground
Floor Plan and Second Floor Plan) with complete Elevation.
FLOOR PLAN is the top view of the floor area of a house. The
cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper
and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of rooms,
doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.

12

ELEVATION is the front or side view of a building. It shows the
design of the house, height dimension, materials finish and
complete information on specification.

13

Sheet # 3 - Sections, Roof Plan, and Reflected Ceiling Light

14

SECTION is the view showing the inside part of the building
either in cross- section or longitudinal section.
ROOF PLAN is one showing the outline of the roof and the major
object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips, and openings.
REFLECTED CEILING PLAN is the complete plan design of house
ceiling.
BALUSTER DETAIL is the detail of the vertical railing along a
staircase or balcony railing.

d. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and
Detail of Toilet and Bath
DOORS and WINDOWS SCHEDULE is a complete specification
of doors and windows in terms of width, height, types,
materials and quantity.
KITCHEN DETAIL is a drawing of kitchen floor plan with
complete specifications.
TOILET and BATH DETAIL is a drawing of toilet and the floor
plan that shows complete features of toilet and bath.

15

d. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen,

16

ARCHITECTURAL ABBREVIATIONS:
BALCONY – BALC

CEILING LINE – CL

METER – M

BATHROOM – B

ELEVATION – ELEV.

MILIMETER – MM

BEDROOM – BR

SECTION – SEC.

AT - @

MASTER BEDROOM - MBR

FLOOR – FLR

DOWN SPOUT –DS

LIVING ROOM – LR

CONCRETEHOLLOW

VERTICAL – VERT.

DINING ROOM – DR

BLOCKS – CHB

NOT TO SCALE – NTS

KITCHEN – K

CORRUGATED – CORR

FLOOR LINE – FL

LAVATORY – LAV

CEMENT – CEM

GROUND LINE – GL

TOILET & BATH – T & B

BOTH WAYS – B.W.

FINISH FLOOR LINE –

BUILDING – BLDG

ON CENTER - OC

FFL

BUILT-IN – BLT-IN

DOWN – DN

FINISH GROUND LINE-

CABINET – CAB

FGL

Architectural Symbols
Familiarizing all the architectural symbols is a prerequisite for all
students in architecture and drafting technology programs considering that
their future works will be on the architectural activity. It would be difficult
for them to interpret drawing or blueprint unless they have familiarized all
the architectural symbols.
The following illustrations are the architectural symbols:
a. Doors and windows symbols that are shown in the floor plan.

17

b. Doors and windows symbols that used to represent doors on floor
plans and elevation drawings

18

c. Door, window and staircase symbols that are shown in the
elevation plans.

19

2. Structural Sheet
a. Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and
Column/Footing/Beam Schedules

20

FOUNDATION PLAN a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a
building.
ROOF FRAMING PLAN a structural framing plan of the roof plan with
complete specification.
TRUSS DETAIL a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of
a building.
COLUMN/FOOTING/BEAM SCHEDULE a complete specification of column,
footings, and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.

b. Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General
Notes
FOOTINGS a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a
house. A detail drawing of building footings with specific
requirements.
CONSTRUCTION NOTES a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels,
beams, and other required structural features to present in the plan.
GENERAL NOTES a complete specification and legend of structural features
presented in the plan.

21

Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General Notes

22

3. Plumbing Plan/Layout
a. Sheet # 7 - Water and Sewage System Plan

23

Plumbing Plan is the complete drawing detail of water and sewage
distribution.
Water System Plan is the drawing of flow of water in the house from main
water source.
Sewage System Plan is the drawing flow of sewage from the house
to main canal and septic tank.

Sheet # 8 - Storm Drainage System, and Septic Tank Detail

24

Storm Drainage System shows the flow of water waste from the
lavatory, floor drain, and downspout from roof to storm drainage.
Septic Tank it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage
reservoir for all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom. The
main section of septic tank is the digestive chamber and the
leaching well.

4. Electrical Plan
Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location
plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications
Electrical Plan a plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and
specification details of the house.
Lighting layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings
Power & auxiliary layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of
convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.

25

Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location
plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications

26

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:


ACU – AIR CONDITIONING UNIT



WHEATHER PROOF OUTLET – OWP



M –METER -



CB – CIRCUIT BREAKER/ PANEL BOARD – PB -

27

SELF-CHECK 1.2

A. Identification.
Directions. Identify what is referred to in each number and write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. A drawing sheet that contains perspective, site development title,
page and sheet index.
______2. A drawing of the lot showing the setback and development of the
house in relation to the lot.
______3. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be
built.
______4. Generally includes title block, table of contents, and

labels for

signs and sealed of the duly licensed and registered professionals
in the plans.
______5. He signs in the lot survey plans.

28

OPERATION SHEET 1.1

ARCHITECTURAL WORKING DRAWINGS
After all the drawings are performed, it is also necessary to expose the
student in tracing activity. This activity is commonly applied in industry
especially in the reproduction of the architectural plans. All drafting works
must be done first in the preliminary process using sketching sheet. The
final outputs are those drawings which are done through tracing activity.
Below is a activity on tracing the drawing.
Steps in tracing architectural working drawing sheet no. # 1:
1. Prepare all tools and materials needed.
2. Fasten sheet #1 and tracing paper on drawing board. Be sure it is aligned
horizontally by the T-square and aligned vertically with the triangle.
3. Trace border lines using T-square, 300 x 600 triangle, and technical pen
point 0.8-1.0.
3. Trace all the labels in title block and index using technical pen point 0.3 –
0.6.
4. Trace first all vertical lines using big triangle 300 x 600. Follow all
horizontal lines using T-square before tracing all the curved and irregular
curved lines using French curved instrument or templates.
5. Trace all the labels and dimensions using technical pen point 0.1-0.4.
6. Finalize the drawing by checking and erasing all unnecessary lines.

29

SELF CHECK 1.3
A. Identification
Direction: Identify the following architectural abbreviations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Elev.____________
FFL. ____________
DN ____________
O.C ____________
CHB ____________

6. FLR.
7. GL.
8. NTS
9. FL
10. @

____________
____________
____________
____________
____________

B. Enumeration
1. Give at least 2 specification features found in the roof plan, 6
features in sections, and 2 features from reflected ceiling plan.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Give at least 3 specification features in drawing doors and
windows schedule, 3 main features in kitchen detail, and 4
features from toilet and bath details. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
3. Give at least 5 specification features in foundation plan, 5
features in roof framing plan, and 5 features from truss
detailing, and 5 features in column/footings/beam schedules.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
C. Direction: Identify the following architectural symbols:
1.
____________________
4.

2.

3.

___________________
5.

________________
6.

_____________________ ___________________
7.
_____________________

8.
___________________

_________________
9.
__________________

10.

30

Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Score

Criteria

(Tick the corresponding pts.)

Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
 Accuracy
50 pts
45 pts
40 pts.

-

the output is accurately done.
two to five errors are observed on the output.
six to ten errors are observed on the output.

 Speed
10 pts 8 pts
6 pts.
 Neatness
25 pts.
20 pts
15 pts

-

the output is done 2 hours before the time.
the output is done on time.
the output is done after the allotted time.
has no error.
has two to three erasures.
has four or more erasures

 Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed
in gothic letters or mechanical lettering.
12 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
10 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are
missing misspelled.

31

Program/ Course

:

TECHNICAL DRAFTING

Unit of Competency

:

DETAILS

Module Title
Learning Outcome 2.

:

Prepare and set up tools and materials for
drawing

Assessment Criteria
1. Drawing tools, materials, and equipment are selected and prepared
according to job requirements
2. Working drawing tools, materials and equipment are properly set
up according to standard procedure.
3. Company rule, regulations and SOP are properly discussed.
References:
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design 4th edition
Paul I. Wallach. Basic Architectural Drafting, 1982
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10th
editon: 1960
Emmanuel P. Cuntapay. Implementing Rules and Regulations of the
Philippines (PD 1096), 2005
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:
1977

32


Learning Outcome 2: Prepare and set-up tools and materials for drawing
Learning Activities

Special Instruction

1. Read information sheet no. 2.1



Take note of the details

about drawing tools, materials and



Remember

equipment

important

tools,

materials and equipment

2. Answer Self-Check 2.1



Try to answer the self check



Answer the self check

3. Read information sheet no. 2.2
about

procedure

for

setting-up

drawing equipment
4. Answer Self Check 2.2

33

LO2.1 Drawing tools, materials and equipment
This lesson is only a review of your prior learning in technical drawing
particularly on the proper use and care of drawing tools, materials and
equipment. The purpose of this discussion is to allow the students review
and recall its importance in the Drafting Technology works.
The Importance of Drawing tools, materials and equipment

a. Drawing/Drafting tools
These refer to the sets of tools that are used in all drafting works or
activities especially if the activity requires mechanical presentation. Prior to
the start of drafting activity, it is expected therefore that all drawing tools
needed must be available in the work station to ensure that the assigned
task can be accomplished according to customers or client’s standard.
The following are the common drafting tools
1.

Drafting Table/Drawing Board (24” x 36” /0.61cm x 0.91cm)

2.

T-Square (36” /0.915 cm. length)

3.

Triangles -300 x 600 and 400 x 450 ((@ least 0.30 each length)

4.

Triangular Scale – 1:100, 1:75 in range

5.

Technical Pens/G-Tech pen/Pilot pen – (From point: 0.0, 0.1,
0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)

6.
7.

Pencil Sharpener or Pen knife
Drawing Templates – Circular templates, Furniture template,
Ellipse template,

8.

Protractor (medium size)

9.

Dusting Brush

10.

Sand paper pad (fabricated fine coarse sand paper
attached to wood or board pad)
34

11.

Erasing shield

12.

Pull-push rule

13.

Drafting Light

b. Drawing/Drafting Materials
These are sets of consumable items that are specifically used in
drafting works or activities. The draftsman cannot perform his drafting task
without these items.
The following are the required materials needed in drafting works:
1. Bond Paper (short and Long)
2. Tracing paper
3. A4 drawing paper
4. Drawing pencil – HB, F, 2H
5. Mechanical pencil – point 0.3, 0.5
6. Pen and Ink Eraser
7. Masking Tape
8. Ink (Staedler/Rotring)
9. Cartolina Paper
c. Equipment
These items are also essential in producing quality drafting
output especially if the assigned task requires mechanical
manipulation. Although, these items are so expensive, however, these
are important in making the drawing output presentable and
convincing to the clients.
The following are some of the equipment needed in drafting task:
1. Drafting machine
2. Leroy Lettering Pen
3. Computer

35

Situation:
Randomly select fifteen (15) students from the class for a
required

activity

relative

to

tools,

materials

and

equipment

identification. Group them into three (3) groups and allow them to
choose their respective group leader. Put a long table that could
conveniently accommodate several sets of drawings tools and
materials in drafting.
Activity:
1. In line formation, let the three groups to fall in line at least 2
meters distance from the table where sets of tools and materials
are displayed.
2. Give 10 minutes for each group to perform the activity by requiring
each member of the three group to come forward as fast as he can
and immediately pick any tools from the table.
3. Demonstrate a non-verbal description that best explains the use of
such tools or materials. (See to it that all members are given the
opportunity to do the same as what had been done by the first
member).
4. The students who were not included in the activity shall evaluate
the performance of each group.
Note: The group that will be declared champion shall be given 25
points credit per member. While the second and third placers
shall be given 20 and 15 points respectively.

36

SELF CHECK 2.1
Direction. Enumerate the following. Write the answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Five most common tools in drafting architectural layout and details
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Four most needed materials in architectural layout and details.
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. List three important equipment needed in layouting Architectural
details
1.
2.
3.

37

Procedure in Setting up Drawing tools, Materials and Equipment and
standard procedure
In preparation for a required task in drawing architectural layout and
details, a draftsman should plan, prepare, and select tools and materials for
a particular planning layout. This is to ensure the correct setting of
standard procedure and accuracy of drawing plans. Some of the key tools
used in drafting architectural plans are described and illustrated in this
learning Outcome.
The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive items,
however these are important in all drafting tasks. Considering its cost and
value in drafting activity, it is also important to take care and maintain its
usability.
With this, the following considerations are strictly emphasized as
Standard Operating Procedure during and after the utilization of the drafting
tools, materials and equipment:
a. Before the start of drafting activity:
1. Select the tools, materials and equipment which are needed in
the assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place
which is convenient for you to move and execute your work.
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from the
dust and other elements that would cause damage to your work.
4. Wash your hand with clean water.

38

b. Activity proper:
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating
procedure per job requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are
used in the activity.
3. In case of meeting an errors or mistakes along the way of
activity ( for instance misprinting of lines, letters, and other
forms of mistakes) use appropriate eraser for a particular
mistakes.
c. After the activity:
1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking
2. Check all the tools and materials to ensure that nothing has
lost.
3. Return the tools and materials to the assigned tool keeper for
safekeeping.
4. Withdraw your borrower’s card from the tool keeper to as
document that you have returned the borrowed tools and
materials.
5. Clean your work station before leaving.
Other important Practices that must be observed in the work station or
work place
There are important practices that must be observed in the work
setting. The following are:
1. Observe safety precautions:
a. Never smoke inside the work station
b. Never use any tools and equipment without having it clean first.
c. Avoid talking with your co-students during working period.
d. Always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling fan, computer
units, and other equipment before leaving the work station.
39

e. Maintain cleanliness in the work station.
f. Use tools and equipment properly.
2. Observe punctuality of attendance.
3. Avoid making quarrel with your co-students.
4. Observe and practice the value of respect.
5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.

40

SELF CHECK 2.2
Directions: Enumerate the following. Write the answers on a separate sheet
of paper
A. Identify five drafting tools and materials to be prepared before
drawing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least five steps for fastening the drawing paper.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C. Cite at least five steps in setting-up drafting tools, materials and
equipment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

41

Program/ Course

:

DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency

:

DETAILS

Module Title

:


Learning Outcome 3

:

Draft Site Development Plan

Nominal Duration

:

10 hours

1. Technical description of lot is drawn according to approved lot
survey.
2. Building blueprint is drawn according to architectural drafting
standards
3. National Building Code and Architectural Standards are properly
observed according to job specification
4. Dimension lines, dimensions and drawing titles are indicated
according to architectural drafting standards.
5. Drafting tools and equipment are used according to architectural
drafting standards.
References:
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design, 4th edition, 1987
Paul I. Wallach. Basic Architectural Drafting,1982
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing, 10th edition; MacGraw, Hill Book
Company,10th editon: 1960
National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096), 2005
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing;
1977

42


Learning Outcome 3. Draft Site Development
Learning Activities
1. Read Information Sheet no.

Special Instruction











Perform operation 3.1

3.1 about site development
plan
2. Answer Self Check no 1
3.2 about lot mensuration
and plotting
4. Answer Self Check no 3.2.
5. Read Operation 3.2

43


LO3 DRAFT SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN is the outline and measurements of the
proposed building and its placement on the property.
This shows the position and the location of the building with
property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape
and other pertinent data in relation to the site. A site development
plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than 1:200meters.

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

44

SITE is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a
building is constructed. Building site maybe a single lot, a series of
lots, or a subdivision. A lot is a piece of ground of specific size. A
subdivision is a large tract of land that is being developed.
PLANNING CONSIDERATION IN DEVELOPING THE SITE
 Location of a proposed house on the lot. The location of the house
must be considered in order to determine the locations of the rooms and
the house itself on the lot. Some lots are located on swampy grounds
and others on hilly or rugged terrain. Still others are sited near rivers,
highways, streets and squatter areas. The front part of the house
generally faces the street or away from ugly views like the back parts of
neighboring houses, a swampy area, and thick bushes.


Many want their bedrooms to face the sunrise – which is, on the
eastern side of the lot. Others, especially those who work at night, prefer
their bedrooms located on the west side. The breeze at the site may
determine the location of the living room and toilet or bathrooms. The
height of the flood waters in the locality should also be considered in
determining the distance of the first floor from the ground. This is
especially true in low areas. In high locations the floor may be 20 cm.
only from the ground level.



As earlier mentioned the house may be located at the center of the lot.
Or one of its sides may be exactly on a lot line or fence. In this case, a
firewall which is made of concrete, adobe, and concrete hollow blocks
should be constructed on this side of the house.

 Like and dislikes of the family member. This factor is usually
considered when the family is rich and can afford to pay for the services
of an architect or draftsman. Before he designs the house, the architect
or draftsman has to first interview the members of the family to get
information about their interests, hobbies, and the like. From such
interviews, he will get to know whether the family wants a library or
study room, a social hall, a playroom, a music room, a swimming pool, a
45

carport or garage, servant’s quarters, a driver’s room, a landscaped
garden, a balcony, and a roof garden.
Property Lines are those lines working outside of the lot area.

Setback refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
















Zoning refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of
structures to be built on a designated area.

46

Zoning Laws
One major area covered by building code is the zoning laws. Zoning
laws are designed to keep different areas of a community from interfering
with each other. In some cities or towns, separate areas are set aside for
specific uses. Examples are residential, commercial, and industrial. These
are established and protected by zoning laws.
In addition, zoning laws establish standards for construction in
different sizes and uses.
One of the first things an architect must do before designing a
building is to read the building codes. The intended use of the building
has to be within the limits of zoning laws. Also, the size of the lot must be
large enough to meet the requirements.

Building Code are local laws that set standard for structural design within
the community.
This is a collection of local laws that regulate the building of
homes and other structures. These legal requirements are intended
to protect the safety and health of the people who live and work in the
buildings. They regulate restrictions concerning the construction of
buildings to provide safety to the occupants.
All constructions in an area must meet the requirements of
building codes. Some of the designs and construction features covered
by building codes include:





Qualifications of persons who can design building within the area.
Structural design that can be used
Lot sizes for certain types of buildings
Types and sizes of materials that can be used.

47

National Building Code Rules:
1. For one-storey wooden or frame house, the height of the floor plan
from the ground should not be less than 1.50 m.
2. Walls with window opening should not be less than 2.00 m. from the
lot line of fence. In other words, adjacent houses should not be at
least 4.00 m. from each other.
3. The front part of a house should not be less than 3.00 m. from the lot
line along the street.
4. No windows should be constructed along a wall of a house if this wall
is flush with or exactly on the lot line.

48

LO3. DRAFT SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Situation:
Group the students into four. Assign leader to each group. Each
group must be provided with ½ sheets of manila paper, T-square,
triangle, pencil and a piece of pentel pen. Leader of the group will
draw lots for different shapes;

Activity:
1. Each group will draw the assigned shape in a ½ sheet of manila
paper using the provided tools. Imagine that it is a big drawing of a
residential lot. All the side lines will be label as property lines.
2. As a residential lot, it needs to put the following inside and outside
of the lot:
a. A setback space from all the sides of the lot to produce lot
occupancy.
b. One or two streets along the sides of the lot.
c. Pick an appropriate roofing’s for the lot occupancy.

d. Draw the gate entrance assuming the front of the lot adjacent to
the street constructed.
3. Each group is required to evaluate and give comments on the
output of the assigned leader according to the following criteria:
a. Functionality………40%
b. Presentation……....30%
c. Reporting…………...30%
Total

100%

49

SELF CHECK 3.1
Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. The outline and measurements of the proposed building and its
placement on the property.
______2. It refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of
structures to be built on a designated area.
______3. A piece of ground of specific size.
______4. These local laws that set standard for structural design within the
community.
______5. These are designed to keep different areas of a community from
interfering with each other.
______6. It is a space requirement from the lot line along the street.
______7. It refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
______8. It is a space requirement of walls with window opening from the lot
line of fence.
______9. It is a space requirement to each other of adjacent houses
according to NBC.
______10. Lines which are working the outside of the lot area.

50

LO3 DRAFT SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN


LOT MENSURATION AND PLOTTING

Types of Lot
1. Inside lot Is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots
2. Through lot is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways
3. Corner lot is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting on a
corner of two streets.
4. Open lot is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways
Percentage of Lot Occupancy
1. Every building, except those especially mentioned in the building
ordinance, shall be limited in its occupancy.
Limitation of Lot Occupancy
a. To secure natural light and ventilation
b. For better fire protection
2. Limits of Lot Occupancy
Domestic building on inside lot Domestic building on corner lot Non-Domestic building on inside lot Non-domestic building on corner lot -

70%
90%
90%
95%

Measurement of Lot Occupancy
1. Measurement of lot occupancy shall be taken at ground level
2. Items not included in measurements:
a. Court
b. Yard
c. Light well
(Light Well - same as close court only, it has no passages it is
used only for illumination and ventilation. Doors are used only
for maintenance.)

Open Court

Close Court
51

Lot Plotting
Protractor is an instrument graduated in angular degrees for measuring and
laying out angles.
Types of Protractor

900
900

O - Origin

O - Origin

00

180
0

00
Half Circle Type (1800)

900
270
0

Half Circle Type (3600)
Note: It is suggested that diameter of protractor is not less than 4”.
Bigger protractors are naturally accurate.
Units of Protractor
Full Circle contains 4 quadrants
One quadrant - 900 (degrees)
One degree – 60’ (minutes)
One minute – 60” (seconds)
How to use Protractor
1. ZERO CENTER the protractor on given point of desired angle.
2. ALIGN 0-AXIS (base of protractor) against one side of desired
angle.
3. MARK OFF desired angle at the edge of protractor (start reading
from 0-degree)

52

Setting the Protractor
00
Mark off

0- Degree
Desired angle

900

H-axis
O - Origin

O-axis of protractor
V-axis

180
Procedure in Lot Plotting

0

1. NORTH is always to be pointed vertical up with respect to the paper.
2. Bearing is read, plotted and marked off directly as, DUE NORTH, DUE
SOUTH, DUE WEST, or DUE EAST
3. PLOTTING starts with point 1 and ends with point 1
4. Compass axes North-South and West-East are zeroed in each point and
bearing marked off.
5. DRAFTING PRACTICES IN LOT PLOTTING
a. All drawings and labels are inked.
b. Use only standard plotting paper if submitted as part of Contract
Document
c. Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated
near it within the lot whenever possible
d. Bearing and Magnitude are centered to lot line and within the lot
whenever possible
NOTE: Bearing and Magnitude must be written and readable from
South West quadrant.
e. Lot No. and Block No. are written at the center of lot.
f. Subdivision streets are indicated as Street Lot No. ____. It is
directly centered and parallel to respective streets
g. Scale is indicated under the NORTH symbol for non-documentary
work and proper position for documentary Plotting Paper

53

LO3. Lot mensuration and Plotting
Direction:

A. Given the following diagram. Mark-off bearings using

protractors by applying the procedures in lot plotting and measure the lot
line using ruler.
Scale: 1cm : 1m

North

N

W

East

N

South
°

NW

S

NE

Position of a Protractor


E

W

N

N

SE

SW
S

E

S

W

S



Direction:B. Draw the following bearing magnitude with corresponding
distance using ruler and protractor. Scale: 1cm.=1m.
a. N 15°30’ E, 7m
b. E 48°40’ S, 11m
c. W 25°20’ N, 7m
d. S 49°50’ W, 9m
e. Start at point 1, N150 30’ E, 7m., point 2, E 150 25’S, 9m, point
3, S 450 36’ W, 8m., point 4 connect to point 1. Get the
measurement and bearing magnitude of pt. 1-4.
54

SELF CHECK 3.2
Directions: Enumerate the following. Write the answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
A. Different types of lot.
1.
2.
3.
B. Three (3) steps in using protractor in plotting the lot.
4.
5.
6.
C. Units of protractor in drawing a Lot Plan.
10.
11.
12.
D. Three (3) drafting practices in lot plotting
13.
14.
15.

55

OPERATION SHEET 3.2

LO3. Procedure in drawing a Site Development Plan:
1. Draw the given property lines of the lot using T-square, triangles,
triangular scale and protractor.
Given: 12.25 m. x 16.75 m.
Scale: 1: 100m.
2. Indicate dimensions of lot including bearing magnitude.
3. Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated
within the lot whenever possible.

SMALL CIRCLE

W 600 25’ S., 16.75
m.

N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m.

4. Locate lot center. Analyze the lot shapes, streets, adjacent lots and
consider the lot plan guides when designing areas of occupancy.
56

5. Plan and measure the setbacks of all corners of the lot plan

2.00 m.
setback

Setback sample

N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m.

setback

Setback sample

W 600 25’ S., 16.75
m.

setback

2.00 m.
setback

57

6. Draw and finalized design of occupancy plan.

2.50 m.

setback

setback

setback

LOT OF OCCUPANCY

W 600 25’ S., 16.75 m.

setback

N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m.

setback

setback

2.0 m.

58

7. Draw the desired roof type on the occupancy plan.

2.50 m.
N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m.

setback

setback

setback

W 600 25’ S., 16.75 m.

setback

setback

setback

2.0 m.

59

10. Indicate all symbols required in the plot plan.
11. Indicate the perimeter dimensions including compass direction.
12. Indicate the necessary utility line to be shown in the plot plan.
13. Letter all the labels required.
14. Indicate the scale used.
15. Finalize the drawing.

N

SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
SCALE:

1:100 M.

60

A. Drawing Problem
Directions: Draw the site of a given survey lot below. Use appropriate tools
and materials.
Given:
Use scale 1:100 meter.
Start from point no. 1, N 440 33’E’, 197.38M., from point 1., S790 00’W;
6.55 M. point 2, from 2, N 100 21’ W; 17.04M. point 3, from point 3, N780
25’ E; 6.51 M. point 4, point 4, S 100 30’ E; 17.11 M. point 5.
Scoring Rubrics

Criteria

Score

Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total


61

 Accuracy
50 pts

-


45 pts

-


40 pts.

-


10 pts

-

the output is done 2 hours before the time.

8 pts

-


6 pts.

-


 Speed

 Neatness
25 pts.

-

has no error.

20 pts

-


15 pts

-


15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed
in gothic letters or mechanical lettering.
12 pts.

- all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

10 pts.


8 pts.

- pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are

Program/ Course

:

TECHNICAL DRAFTING

62

Unit of Competency

:

DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
AND DETAILS

Module Title

:


LO4 Draft Floor Plan
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Drafting tools are used according to architectural practices
2. Walls, windows and doors, fixtures and fittings are drawn according to
architectural design standards
3. Grid and dimension lines are drawn according to architectural design
standards
4. Metric scale is used according to the magnitude of plans to be drafted.
5. Letterings and labels are indicated according to drafting standards.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing, Macmillan Company,
1999.
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fifth
edition, 1986
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fourth
edition, 1988
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing, 10th edition, MacGraw, Hill Book
Company, 1988
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2, Phoenix Publishing, 1983
Max B. Fajardo Jr., Planning and Designers Handbook, Second Edition
The National Building Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations.


63

Learning Outcome 4: Draft Floor Plan
Learning Activities

Special Instruction

4.1 about floor plan features.


Try to answer the self check.



2. Answer self-check no. 4.1 to







Try to perform the self check.

test your knowledge about floor
plan features.

4.2 about use of appropriate
scale.
test your knowledge about
the use of appropriate scale.
5. Read information no. 4.3 to
architectural

drafting

standards
architectural

drafting

standards.
7. Read operation sheet no. 4.1
about the steps in drawing a
floor plan.
8. Answer self check no. 4.4.


64

L.4. FLOOR PLAN FEATURES
Floor Plan
Floor plan is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house.
The horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper
and lower window sills or one meter above the floor line. It shows the size
and arrangement of the rooms. It also presents the sizes and locations of the
stairs, door and windows openings, and partitions and walls. Sometimes it
includes the kind of furnishings in each room. However, the materials
required for constructing permanent or integral parts of each room such as
bedroom closets, kitchen cabinets, etc., should also be accounted for in the
bill of materials.

B
EAVE LN..

A

A

B

FLOOR

PLAN

SCALE: 1:100 M.

In multi-storey buildings, a separate floor plan is drawn for each floor
level when the layout of the room is not in each floor. However, when two or

65

more floor levels have the same arrangement and features, one typical floor
plan representing all the identical floors will suffice to be drawn.
Room Requirements and pointers in planning a floor plan
1. Living Room is the center of the living area in most homes. It should
be centrally located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance
and to the dining area, but the entrance should not lead directly into
the living room. Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00
small, 3.7m. x 5.5m. average or optimum size would be 6.1 x 7.9 m. in
rectangular shape.
2. Bedroom is a room for sleeping and taking rest of the family. Ideal
number of rooms for low cost housing should be two bedrooms,
master’s bedroom and bedroom. Preferably, there should be a toilet
and bath in master’ bedroom and a built-in cabinets or closets.
3. Dining Area is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
occupants. This should be located between the living room and
kitchen.
Its size and shape are determined by the size of the family.
4. Kitchen is the place for preparation of food and connecting the work
triangle area for storage and mixing center, preparation and cleaning
center and cooking center. There should be a storage hanging kitchen
cabinet with a minimal width of 0.60 meter.

Types of Kitchen

66

2. . L-shaped type

3. Corridor type

68

5. Bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated to save
economically in plumbing. As much as possible keep the toilet near
69

the kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms,
accessible to the living room even without passing through other
rooms. The toilet and bath are generally located between bedrooms. In
a two-storey residential house, the bedrooms, toilet, and bath are
often located on the second floor. In this case, the stair must go up
from the living room or hall if there is any. The stair is generally L or
U-shaped and has a landing.
Bathroom Doors and Windows Bathroom door could be small as 5560 cm. except for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70.cm.
wide to allow passage of equipment as required. In general, bathroom
wall contain only one door.
6. Entrances Entrance is divided into several different types; the main
entrance, the service entrance, and the special- purpose entrance. The
entrance is composed of an outside waiting area like the porch,
marquee or lanai and an inside waiting area like foyer or entrance
hall. It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a
building.
The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns radiate. The
main entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide shelter to
anyone awaiting entrance.
The service entrance provides access to the house through which supplies
can be delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house.
It should also provide access to parts of the service area like the garage,
laundry or workshop.
The special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside traffic.
Instead they provide for movement from the inside living area of the house
to the outside living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the patio is

70

a special-purpose entrance. It is not an entrance through which street,
drive, or sidewalk traffic would have an access.
7. Garage and Carports.
A garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an
automobile. It maybe used for many secondary purposes – as a
workshop, as a laundry, or for storage space. It is usually attached to
the house in some manner to provide a sheltered entry.
A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls removed. It
may consist of a free-standing roof completely separate from the
house, or it may be built against the existing walls of the house.

SELF CHECK 4.1
71

LO4.1 Floor Plan features
Direction: A. Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of
the answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A part of the house where sometimes used for eating and relaxing.
a. porch b. living area c. bedroom d. dining area
2. It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a
building.
a. special purpose exit b. door c. entrance d. exit door
3. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. Bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
4. This has an access to kitchen and living room.
a. Bathroom b. dirty kitchen c. dining hall d. dining area
B. Enumeration: Identify the following.
a. Types of kitchen
5.
6.
7.
b. Fixtures in kitchen “work triangle”.
8.
9.
10.

72

LO4. Use of appropriate scale in drawing a Floor Plan
Scales
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing
and enlarging the scale size measurement.

There are two system of

measurement, Metric system and English system.

Metric System
73

Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale,
the bigger the size in the triangular scale whereas, the largest the number
used the smallest size of actual measurement.
1:05 m.

1: 100 m.

1:10 m.

1: 200 m.

1:20 m.

1: 300 m.

1: 30 m.

1: 400 m.

1: 40 m.

1: 500 m.

1: 50 m.

1: 600 m.

1:75 m.

1:1000m.

Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
Full size scale
The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm. in width
with the numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale
is convenient for ratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000

Half size Scale
The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equals to 2 mm.
with the calibration numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is
convenient for ratios of 1:20, 1:200, and 1:2000.

ARCHITECTURAL USE OF METRIC SCALE
74

USE

FLOOR PLANS

DETAILS

0.4 mm. equals to 1 M.

1:1250


1:500

12 mm. equals to 1 M.

1:200


1:100


1: 80

12.5 mm. equals to 1M.

1:50

25 mm. equals to 1M.

1:20

PLOT PLANS

1:2500

1:40

PLAT PLANS

COMPARISON TO 1 METER

1:75

CITY MAP

RATIO

50 mm. equals to 1M.

1:10


1:5


SELF CHECK 4.2
75

LO4. Use of appropriate scale
Directions: A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the appropriate scale for plot plan.
a. 1:2500 and 1:1250 b. 1:75,1:50,1:40 c. 1: 5, 1:10, 1:20
d. 1 :100, 1:80
2. Its equivalent is ten millimeters in metric figures.
a. O.0010 b. 0.010 c. 0.100 d. 0.10
3. It is equal to one hundred centimeters.
a. 0.100 b. 0.0100 c. 1.00 d. 10.0
4. It is also equivalent to one half kilometer.
a. 1,000 meters b. 50 meters c. 500 meters d. 500 decimeters
5. It is a kind of scale equivalent to 1:1.
a. half scale b. full scale c. metric scale d. none of the above
B. Metric figures.
Directions: Convert the following into metric figures.
1. One meter and five centimeters. __________
2. Ten meters and two decimeters. __________
3. Ninety centimeters. ________________
4. Seventy five centimeters. _____________
5. One kilometer. _________________

76

LO4. Architectural drafting design standards
Legal Provisions:


Section 806 of the National Building Code (NBC). Size and
Dimension of Rooms:

a. Room for human habitations should be 6.00 square meters with at
least a dimension of 2.00 meters.
b. Kitchens should be 3.00 square meters with at least a dimension of
1.50 meters.
c. Bath & Toilet – 1.20 square meters with at least dimension of 0.90
meters.


Section 1207. Stairs, Exit, and Occupant Loads.
Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall have a size to
permit the installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width
and not less than 2.00 meters in height.
Stairways width. Stairway serving an occupant load of more than 50
shall not be less than 1.10 meters. While stairway serving an
occupant load of 50 or less shall be 900 millimeters wide.
Rise and run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.
Other guidelines must be observed in the arrangement of rooms
in drawing floor plan:
1. Built-in cabinets or closets are usually found in the bedrooms,
kitchen, and dining room. Open shelves may be constructed in the
kitchen and dining room.
2. In some one-storey houses, the bedrooms toilet, and bath are
elevated from the other rooms. In this case, the stairs leading to
these rooms must be indicated on the floor plan. Two or three
steps, each has 18 or 19 cm high from each other and 25 cm wide,

77

may be shown in the plan. All these measurements must be drawn
to scale.
3. Since most of the time is spent by the members of a family in the
bedrooms at home, these rooms must be located far from noise,
dust, and polluted air coming from garbage pits or from the
kitchens and toilets of the neighboring houses.
4. If furnitures and house appliances are to be shown in each room,
these furnishings should be drawn on the same scale in the floor
plan.
5. If the floor plan will be traced on tracing paper in order to indicate
the electrical or water connections, these furnishings should not be
shown on the tracing.
6. In presentation drawings, the landscaping around the floor plan
may be added.
7. It is on the floor plan where the cutting plane lines for at least two
full-sectional elevations (cross and longitudinal) are indicated.
These sectional elevations are usually labeled as Section A-A and
Section B-B, depending on the capital letter used at the extremities
of the cutting plane lines. These cutting plane lines need not be
continuous or straight. They are often drawn in colored ink. ( see
illustration)
8. Windows and Doors symbols should be indicated in the outer walls
of the floor plan opposite to door and windows openings to
determine the total number and specification.
Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another
one for exit. Windows opening should be 10% of the total floor
square area according to the National Building Code.
Example:
Bedroom size of 3.00m x 40.00 = 12 square meters x 10% = 1.20m
window width opening.

78

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for walling and partitions
Sizes:


CHB - 0.10 T x 0.40 W. x 0.20 H. (4” T x 16”W x 8”H) is used for
interior walls or sometimes exterior wall with no heavy loads.



CHB - 0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 (6” x 8” x 16”) is used for exterior wall
sometimes for interior wall.



Plastering of CHB wall should not be less than 0.015 mm. or not more
than to 0.05 cm in thickness.

Note:
In lay outing floor plan walls, it should be scaled with same sizes of all
actual materials to be used. If the occupancy wants to use 0.10 x 0.20 x
0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both side walls, the
total thickness of the wall is 0.13 cm. On the other hand, likes to use 0.15 x
0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both sides a
total average is 0.018 cm. since it is very hard to layout the accurate scale of
0.18 wall thickness, so most draftsman prefer to use 0.20 cm. wall in lay
outing floor plan.
Wall Openings
Entrance door is preferably with 0.90 cm. to 1.00 m. width.
Bedroom door has a minimum width of 0.80 cm.
Toilet and Bath door have a minimum width of 0.70 cm. to 0.80 cm.
Minimal width of windows is preferably 0.60 cm.
Other appliances and fixtures are required to be drawn in the floor plan
for space requirements
Eave lines are hidden roof lines which also indicated in the floor plan.
Trees, Plants symbols are required to be drawn in the development of site
plan if needed.

79

Architectural Symbols used in drawing floor plan

80

SELF CHECK 4.3
LO4. Architectural drafting design standards

Directions: A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the standard thickness of wall in meter using 4” x 16” x 8” CHB .
a. 0. 20 m. b. 0.10 m. c. 0.18 m. d. 0.13 m.
2. Standard thickness of wall in meter using 6” x 16” x 8” CHB.
a. 0. 20 m. b. 0.10 m. c. 0.20 m. d. 0.18 m.
3. It is the standard size of an entrance door opening.
a. 0.90 m. b. 0.80 m. c. 0.75 m. d. 1.00 m.

4. They are overhang roof lines in hidden lines form of floor plan. a.
dormer b. canopy c. eave line d. shed line
5. It is a minimum area of Kitchen.
a. 4.00 sq.m. b. 3.00 sq.m. c. 5.00 sq.m. d. 7.00 sq.m.
B. Draw the symbols of the following:
6. Interior door –
7. Swinging door –
8. Double door –
9. Accordion door –
10. Bay window -

82

OPERATION SHEET 4.1
LO4. Steps in drawing a Floor Plan
1. Prepare the needed tools and materials.
2. Use the correct scale.

83

3. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15cm. CHB for the major walls.
Start from the center of the wall.

84

4. Divide the floor area to other areas of the house. Use a 10 cm
interior wall partitions. Compute each area of the house, then check
the total floor area

85

5. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by
their widths with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is 90-95
centimeters like the main entrance door. While 80 centimeters for
bedrooms and service doors and 0 .75 centimeters for toilet and bath
doors.

86

6. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the
work triangle principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the toilet and
bath draw the fixtures properly.

87

7. Lay-out extension lines. Use any dimension limits and lay out
dimensions legibly and never repeat dimensions.

88

8. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name doors and windows
by sizes. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.

89

SELF CHECK 4.4
LO4.6. Procedure in drafting floor plan
Directions: Using the same operation. Draw the floor plan area
Given: A floor plan of 6.00 x 9.00 m. with two bedrooms. Use a scale of
1:100. Use correct tools for the right job.

Scoring Rubrics
Criteria

Score

Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

90

 Accuracy
50 pts

-


45 pts

-


40 pts. -


 Speed
10 pts

-

the output is done 5 minutes before the time.

8 pts

-


6 pts.

-


 Neatness
25 pts. -

no errors made on the output.

20 pts

-


15 pts

-


15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly
printed in gothic letters or mechanical lettering.
12 pts.

missing.

10 pts.


8 pts.

- pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are
misspelled.

91

Program/Course

:

DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency

:

DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL
LAYOUTS AND DETAILS

Module Title

:

DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL
LAYOUTS AND DETAILS

LO5. - Draft Roof Plans

Assessment Criteria
1. Different types of roofs are correctly identified.
2. Elements of roofs are properly discussed.
3. Dimensions of roof plan are indicated and should match floor plan
dimensions.
4. Lines are drawn according to drafting standards
5. Architectural standard symbols are used.
6. Drawings are laid out according to sheet contents
7. Roof plan and framing details are drawn according to
architectural drawing standards.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer. Technical Drawing Macmillan
Company,1982
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design,
fifth edition 1999
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fourth
edition 1999
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing 10th edition MacGraw Hill Book
Company 1987
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.
Max B. Fajardo Jr., Planning and Designers Handbook, Second Edition,
1980
The National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules
and Regulations 2005

92

Learning Outcome 5: Draft Roof Plans
Learning Activities

1. Read Information Sheet no. 5.1.
about terms and definitions

Special Instruction

 Remember the terminologies
 Try to answer self-check no. 5.1.

related to roof plan.

2. Answer Self check no.5.1
3. Read information sheet no. 5.2 on
types of roofs

 Try to answer self-check no. 5.2

4. Perform task on Self check no. 5.2
5. Read operation sheet no. 5.3
about the elements or features
of roof and framing plans.

6. Answer self check no. 5.3

 Try to answer self-check no. 5.3
 Try to perform the said activity

8. Read about information or
sheet no. 5.4 on the
procedure in drafting roof
plan.

93

LO5. Draft Roof Plans
Definition of technical terms
Angle iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900 angle.
Butterfly roof is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of
the house.
Dome is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a
window.
Eave is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing is the material used for covering exposed places outside the
building like firewalls.
Flat roof is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Gable roof is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Galvanize is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Gambrel roof is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes on
each side.
Hip rafter is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to
form the hip.
Hip roof is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope
much steeper than the upper.
Overhang is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall.
Pitch is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also
referred to as the rise over the run.
Purlin is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters are structural members used to frame a roof.

94

Ridge is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
Rise is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shed roof is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Shingles are thin pieces of wood or other materials that ovelap each other in
covering a roof.
Truss is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof
loads over long spans.
Valley is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping
roofs.

Roof
It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the
size, shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing
system.

Types of Roofs
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in
the building construction. The following are:
1. Gable Roof has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This
type of roof is used extensively on Philippines bahay kubo and raw
houses in subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the
high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch
roofs found on most ranch homes.

95

GABLE ROOF

2. Hip roofs are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire
perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates.
they are commonly used on Regency and French Provincial homes.

HIP ROOF

96

3. Flat roofs are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly
heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is
often used on flat roofs.

FLAT ROOF

4. Shed roofs are higher at one end than the other. They may be used
effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.

SHED ROOF

97

5. Overhang is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of
the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide
additional protection from the sun and rain.

OVERHANG ROOF

These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction sector.
However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in the
construction.

98


Roof Plan
A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object
lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is not a
framing plan, but a plan view of the roof. To develop a roof framing plan, a
roof must be stripped of its covering to expose the position of each
structural member and each header. The roof plan can be used as the basic
outline for the roof framing plan. Below are samples of blueprint drawings
of roof plans, roof framing plan and other informative drawings.

SAMPLE ROOF PLAN

99

Elements or features of roof and framing plans

1. Roof Plan
The roof plan indicates the following:
a. Roofing sheets are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing
space of the building.
b. Ridge roll is a plain G.I. sheet is usually laid at the center top of
ridge of the building.
c. Ridge cap is the material used when the roofing system is in the
form of hip roof.
d. Eaves line or gutter line is shown in the form of imaginary line to
indicate the gutter line.

ROOF PLAN

100

Different types of roofing sheets:
1. Corrogated G.I sheet
2. 4-V corrugated sheet
3. Ardex corrugated sheet
4. Kanalelas corrugated sheet.
5. Steel bricks
6. Colorbond custom orb

MILANO LONGSPAN STEEL BRICKS

101

1. Roof framing plan
There are important elements that must be shown in the roof framing
plan. They are shown in the form of line symbols, such as:
a. Trusses
b. Purlins
c. Ridge roll line
d. Ridge cap line
e. Eaves or gutter line
f. Dimension

ROOF FRAMING PLAN

Each of these elements can be better understood as you recall
your knowledge in the previous discussion particularly in the
presentation of technical terms in the preceding modules.

103

ROOF FRAMING SHOWING THE THICKNESS OF EACH MEMBER

104

OPERATION SHEET 5.1
LO5. Draft a roof plan

Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through
the following steps (see the operating steps):
1. Given: a scaled floor plan.

105

2. Draw or trace the given scale floor plan into a form of hidden lines
without doors and windows.

3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out a standard 1.00 m. eave lines
around the floor plan.

1.00 m. Eave line

106

4. From eave lines, extend a 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze
how many and where to indicate a 0.10 m. circular holes for
downspout.
0.20 m.

0.20 m.

5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the
center and project a line along the eave lines.

center

107

6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 450 angle in all corners of eave
lines intersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn hip
roof layout, draw two lines at 0.10 m. width on both sides
representing the ridge roll width.

7. Project a symbol (thin lines) for roof covering materials to be used,
indicate from the center of roof slopes a perpendicular arrowheads
with word label of slopes.

108

8. Complete the drawings with proper dimensioning and labels, then
finalize the drawing.

109

SELF CHECK 5.1
Directions: Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A horizontal structural member which hold rafters together
a. Rafter b. Purl in c. Rise d. Run
2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit for supporting roof loads over
long spans
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge
3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet
a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins
4. The internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof
a. Ridge b. Rise c. Purlin d. Overhang
5. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board
referred to as the rise over the run.
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss
9. A roof with four sloping sides
a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard
10. The part of a roof that projects over a wall
a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter
11. A surface finish material used to cover another surface
a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer
12. A flat roof slanting in one direction
a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed
13. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form a
hip roof type
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing
14. The triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves
a. Gable b. Hip c. Overhang d. Mansard
15. The vertical height of a roof
a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave
110

SELF CHECK 5.2
Problem Solving
Directions: Given a floor plan as shown below, to draft a roof plan
appropriate to the given sizes and shapes.
Note: All sides must have an overhang of 1.50m.

111

Scoring Rubrics
Criteria

Score

Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
 Accuracy
50 pts

-

the output is accurately done

45 pts

-

two to five errors are observed on the output

40 pts.

-

six to ten errors are observed on the output

10 pts

-

the output is done 5 minutes before the time

8 pts

-

the output is done on time

6 pts.

-

the output is done after the allotted time

 Speed

 Neatness
25 pts.

-

has no error

20 pts

-

has two to three erasures

15 pts

-


112

Lettering/Labeling
15 pts.

-

all pieces of information are completely indicated and
legibly printed.

12 pts.

-

all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

10 pts.


8 pts.

- pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are missing
and misspelled.

113

Program/ Course

:

DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency

:

DETAILS

Module Title

:


Learning Outcome 6

:

Draft Ceiling Plan

1. Elements or important features of ceiling plan are properly
identified.
2. Ceiling plan is drawn according to architectural drafting standards.
3. Lighting fixtures and fire protection devices are located according
to architectural drafting standards.
References:
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design, 4th edition
Paul I. Wallach. Basic Architectural Drafting,1982
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; McGraw, Hill Book Company,10th
Edition; 1960
National Building Code of the Philippines (PD 1096), 2005
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing; 1983
Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing,
1977

114


Learning Outcome 3. Draft Site Development
Learning Activities

Special Instruction













Perform operation 3.1

6.1 about the definition of
terms

in

planning

house

ceiling
2. Answer Self Check no 6.1
6.2

about

ceiling

plan

fixtures
4. Answer Self Check no 6.2
5. Read Operation 6.1

115

LO6. DRAFT CEILING PLAN
Definition of Terms
Acoustic is the science of sounds in housing, materials used to keep
down noise within a room or to prevent it from an over head
lining inside of a room
Ceiling Joist is the structural member in building construction that
holds the ceiling board
Ceiling board is a ceiling covering materials
Cornice is a wood or any material project beyond the wall of the ceiling
Fixtures is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a part
of the structure
Gypsum board is a board made of plaster with covering of paper
Hanger is an iron or wood strap used to support a joist.
Insulation is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold
from one surface to another
Lighting fixtures is the position or placement of lighting fixtures of the
house.
Reflected ceiling plan is a drawing of a room or building, looking down
at the interior ceiling
Smoke detectors is a fire protection device that is used to detect
smoke or gasses produced by smoldering fires particles of
combustion
Soffit is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam
Specification is the written description accompanying the working
drawing
Sprinkler systems is a fire protection device that discharges water
when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a
predetermined temperature has been reached.
Ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air by natural or
mechanical means to or from any space
116

The Importance and Purpose of Ceiling in the
building
Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead
interior surface of a room.
Ceiling is designed with the following purpose:
i.It prevents the penetration of the heat of the sun inside
the building.
ii.It adds beauty inside the building especially when it is
well-designed.
iii.It serves as thermal insulator that adds to the aesthetic
beauty of a house.
iv.Various lighting fixtures can be hanged or placed to
highlight the interior design of the structure.
Important features that are shown in the ceiling plan
Ceiling plan can be shown into two presentations:
a. Ordinary presentation of ceiling plan. This shows the following:
1. Ceiling board
2. Partitions
3. Ventilation
4. Label which indicates the type of ceiling materials
5. Dimensions
b. Reflected ceiling plan. It is a drawing, which shows the items that
are located on the ceiling of a room or space. It is referred to as a
reflected ceiling plan since it is drawn to display a view of the
ceiling as if it was reflected onto a mirror on the floor. This way the
reflected ceiling plan has the same orientation as the floor plan
associated with it. It is as if the ceiling was see-through and you
could see right through it from the floor below. Interior designers
draw reflected ceiling plans when designing spaces.
117

The following features that are shown in the reflected ceiling plan:
1. Lighting fixtures
2. Ventilation
3. Smoke detector
4. Wood moulding
5. Ceiling board
Important considerations in ceiling plan
There are many design elements to consider in designing the
ceiling plan
1. Consider the distance from floor line to ceiling line
level.
2.

Study the 3-D aspects of volumes and space.

3. Consider using unexpected materials or finishes.
4. Consider the light reflection and sound absorption.
In accordance with the National Building Code of the
Philippines (PD 1096) Section 805: Ceiling Heights
v.

Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling
heights not less than 2.40meters. which is measured from the floor
to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one-storey,
the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70meters.
And that for the second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storey
shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less
than 2.10m above the finished floor.

vi.

Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than
1.80meters above and below it.

118

OPERATION SHEET 6.1
LO6 DRAFT CEILING PLAN

Ceiling Plan is shown in outline form. It is made with the
floor plan as its reference outline.
Procedure in drafting ceiling plans
Ceiling plan is drawn with the following steps:
1. Prepare and set a ready-made floor plan and analyze its
size and shape.

119

2. Sketch the ceiling area based on the general
measurement of the floor plan.

3. Provide space for overhang for the four sides at your desired
size.

120

4. Sketch the partitions based on the measurements in the floor
plan

5.

Darken all the visible edges, indicate the dimensions and
label the necessary information.

REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

121

SELF CHECK 6.1
TEST I. Direction: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_______________1. is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam.
_______________2. is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at
the interior ceiling.
_______________3. is the process of supplying and removing air by natural
or mechanical means to or from any space.
_______________4. is the written description accompanying the working
drawing
_______________5. is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or
cold from one surface to another.
_______________6. is a ceiling covering materials.
_______________7. is the structural member in building construction that
holds the ceiling board.
_______________8. is a wood or any materials project beyond the wall of the
ceiling.
_______________9. is the science of sounds in housing, materials used to
keep down noise within a room or to prevent it from

an

over head lining inside of a room.
_______________10. is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which
is a part of the structure
_______________ 11. is the over head inside lining of a room
________________12. is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment that
is part of the structure.
________________13. is the process of supplying and removing air by
natural or mechanical means is called _____________
________________14. is the science of sounds in housing
________________15. is the drawing of a room or a building looking
down at the interior ceiling

122

TEST II. Enumeration Type:
1. Enumerate the Ceiling Plan features
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

123

SELF CHECK 1.2

Direction: Given a floor plan, draw a ceiling plan

124

Program/Course

:

Drafting Technology

Unit of Competency

:

Draft Architectural Layout and Details

Module Title

:

Drafting Sanitary and Plumbing Layout
and Details

Learning Outcome 7

:

Draft Elevations and Sections

1. Vertical heights gradeline establish according to architectural drafting
standards.
2. Offsets from right side, left and rear side of floor plan are projected
3. Roof eaves and pitch on all elevations and sections established
4. Doors and windows projected in all elevations and sections.
5. Cross and longitudinal sectional views projected from the floor plans
and elevations.
6. Various material symbols and specifications indicated in all elevations
and sections.

Giesecke, Mitchell,Spencer,Hill,Dygdon. Technical Drawing; Prentice Hall
Simon Schuster, 1998
French, Vierck, Foster. Engineering Drawing and Graphic Technology,
Macgraw Hill Co., 1986
Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Plumbing Design and Estimate, 5138 Merchandizing,
1984.
Hepler, Donald E and WALLACH, Paul I, Architecture: Drafting and Design,
IMC Dress Incorporated, 1987
Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Building Construction, 5138 Merchandizing, 1984

125

Learning Outcome No. 7: Draft Elevations and Sections
Learning Activities

1. Read Information Sheet #1.1

Special Instruction



Take note of the details and
remember the terminologies

2. Answer Self Check # 1.1
3. Compare your Answer to the
Answer Key
4. Proceed to Activity #. 1.1



Try your best to perform the
activity

126

INFORMATION SHEET # 7.1
LO7. Draft Elevation and Section
An architectural elevation is a view of a building showing its height
dimension. When elevations show the exterior of a residential unit, they are
simply called elevations. Interior elevations show the inside of a building.
Elevations are the exterior views of a building. They are necessary in as
much as they show the height of the building and its appearance on each
side. Normally, the four elevations are sufficient to describe the appearance
of the residential building.
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings. They show the exterior
of a building. The elevation s that part of the building that people see and
observe, hence, it is the part they use to judge the structure.
Normally, the design of the floor plan precedes the designs of the
elevation, because both have a continual relationship in the entire design
process. Flexibility is possible in the design of elevations, even those
designed from the same floor plan.
The designer should keep in mind that only horizontal distances can
be established on the floor plan, while that of the vertical distances such as
height of doors, windows and roofs must be shown on the elevation.
As these heights are established, the appearance of the outside and
functioning of heights as well as the internal functioning of the building
must be considered.
Preliminary Sketches
The location and proportion of features are very important in the
drawing of elevation. Main attention is given to the proportion of walls and
openings. Some of the things to consider in the drawing of elevations are;
1. Proportion – which deals with the size and shape of areas and their
relation to one another.
2. Fenestration – deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a
wall.
3. Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a
uniform elevation.

127

4. Shadows refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting
when designed to take advantage of shadows.
Finished Sketches
The finished sketch may be carefully drawn with the use of drawing
instruments. Since these are fairly large scale drawings the exact size of all
features together with their correct representation must be considered.
In the drafting of elevations, these are some of the things to consider:
1. Window and Door Size – must be chosen from a manufactures catalog
which offers great variety of sizes. The sizes must be standard that it
conforms to the provisions of the building code.
2. Window and Door Representation –in elevation may be drawn simply.
3. Material Representation – may be shown by drawing only a few lines,
like bricks.
4. Footings and Walls are hidden lines used to indicate location of
footings.
5. Labeling views can be done in two methods by labeling it with views
as in front, rear, left and right side elevations, or by using compass
orientation as in north, south, east, and west directions.
6. Dimensioning on elevations are limited to vertical dimensions are
shown on the plan.
7. Changes are additions necessary after all the other drawings have
been completed.

128

Elevations are the exterior views of the building. The front view of the
building is always referred to as the front. The other elevations are named
according to their position in relation to the front, i.e. right elevation, rear or
back elevation, left elevation.
Eave is the lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall.
Pitch is the term applied to the amount of roof slope, It is found by
dividing the heights of the span
Elevation Projection
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an
architectural drawing just as the views are projected the front view of an
orthographic drawing. All six views are rarely used to depict architectural
structures, instead only four are used. These four elevations are normally
projected on the floor plan.

129

FRONT ELEVATION

REAR ELEVATION

131

LEFT SIDE ELEVATION

RIGHT SIDE ELEVATION

132

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