The document provides information on English grammar tenses and structures including:
1) The present simple tense and its use to describe habitual or repeated actions. Examples of its formation and use are given.
2) The present progressive tense and its use to describe actions happening now. The formation of this tense is explained for different subjects.
3) The past simple tense and how it is used to describe completed actions in the past. Both regular and irregular verb forms are covered.
4) Comparatives and superlatives are defined and examples of their formation using -er, -est and more, most are provided.
2. Present simple
Actions that happen in the present.
Example: I play soccer.
With he, she and it verbs need… what?
Which is the correct one?
She/He/It played/plays/play
3. Answer
She/He/It played/plays/play
WithI, you, we, and they you DON’T
need that.
5. Answer
DOES she, he, and it
DO I, you, we, and they
6. Present simple
NEGATIVEExample: They don’t eat cookies.
He doesn’t like cats.
QUESTIONDo they eat cookies? Does he
like cats?
Choose the correct
Do/did/does we have an exam tomorrow?
she like/liked/likes puppies.
You didn’t/ weren´t/ don’t do the activities.
7. Answers
Do/did/does we have an exam
tomorrow?
she like/liked/likes puppies.
You didn’t/ weren´t/ don’t do the
activities.
8. Present progressive
About actions that are happening right
now. Ex: I am writing about present
progressive.
FORMULA: noun + VERB TO BE (ARE, AM
OR IS) + verb- ing.
She,he and it ???
You, we, they???
I???
10. Present progressive
NEGATIVE: convert the am, is or are with the
NOT. Ex: is not = isn’t are not= aren’t
am not. Ex: I am not reading, I am writing.
He isn’t paying attention.
QUESTIONS: just change the noun and the
verb to be. Ex: affirmative She is washing
the dishes. IN QUESTION Is she washing
the dishes?
11. SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
I ME MY MINE
YOU YOU YOUR YOURS
HE HIM HIS HIS
SHE HER HER HERS
IT IT ITS
WE US OUR OURS
THEY THEM THEIR THEIRS
12. Possessive case
The dog of my cousin. El perro de mi
prima. In possessive case :
My cousin’s dog (singular). El perro de mi
prima.
The notebooks of my friends. Las libretas de
mis amigos. In possessive case:
My friends’ notebooks.
13. Past simple
About actions of the past.
Regular verbs end with –ed
Irregular verbs change
Ex:
Walk – walked
Buy- bought
15. Answers
Buy - bought
Run- ran
Write- wrote
Be- was/ were
Go- went
Have- had
Do- did
Talk- talked
16. Past simple
FOR QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE YOU
NEED: DID
Ex:You didn’t do the homework
Ex: Did you do the homework?
17. Past progressive
Actions that happened in a past.
Ex: I was listening to music. Now I am
writing.
FORMULA: Noun + verb to be in PAST
(WAS OR WERE) + verb-ing
I,
she, he, it ????
You, we, they?????
18. Answers
I, she, he, it was
You, we, they were
19. Past progressive
NEGATIVE convert with not the was
and were. Ex: was not= wasn’t
were not = weren’t
Ex: she wasn’t watching the tv.
We weren’t reading a book.
QUESTION change the noun and was
or were. Ex: Was she watching the tv?
Were we reading a book?
20. Present progressive and past
progressive
She is playing the piano.
She was playing the piano.
I am watching tv.
I was watching tv.
We are reading this.
We were reading this.
21. Present progressive and past
progressive
NEGATIVE
He isn’t running in the park.
He wasn’t running in the park.
You aren’t drinking water.
You weren’t drinking water.
They aren’t buying apples.
They weren’t buying apples.
22. Present progressive and past
progressive
QUESTIONS
Arewe studying for the exam?
Were we studying for the exam?
Am I riding a horse?
Was I riding a horse?
23. USED TO
Solía.Ex: I used to watch Barney (yo solía
ver Barney)
The “used” is in present or past?
Ex:she used to be small.
He used to play basketball.
They used to drink soda.
26. COMPARATIVE
TO COMPARE 2 THINGS
With short adjectives: add –er
Ex: big- bigger, warm- warmer, fast- faster, slow-
slower.
With long adjectives: add more
Ex: beautiful- more beautiful, expensive-more
expensive, important- more important
*****
when we use more, the adjectives stay the
same
28. COMPARATIVE
KEY:
WITHTHE COMPARATIVE YOU MUST USE:
THAN
Ex:Cheetahs are faster than lions.
A car is more expensive than a bicycle.
29. As …(adjective) … as
When you have as………….. as in a
sentence, the adjective stays equal.
Ex: Nike is as expensive as Puma.
You CANNOT write: Nike is as more
expensive as Puma
30. SUPERLATIVE
TO COMPARE +2 THINGS
With short adjectives add: -est
Ex: cheap- cheapest, busy- busiest, hot-
hottest, large-largest.
With long adjectives add: most
Ex: most expensive, most modern, most
interesting.
32. Superlative
KEY:
WE MUST USE “THE” FOR THE SUPERLATIVE.
Ex:the giraffe is the tallest animal of all.
A castle is the most expensive of all
buildings.
33. ZERO CONDITIONAL (present
simple)
If
: si
When: cuando
Ex: if you eat a lot, you get fat.
Si tu comes mucho, te pones gordo.
Ex: when you eat a lot, you get fat.
35. Present Perfect simple
FORMULA: noun+ HAVE OR HAS + verb in
past participle.
She, he, and it has
I, you, we, and they have
36. Present Perfect simple
Ex:she has eaten all the cookies. (ella se
ha comido todas las galletas).
We have seen the movie called Scream.
Choose the correct one
He had/have/has play/played/playing
soccer.
They have/had/has drink/ drinking/
drank water.
38. Present Perfect simple
NEGATIVE Put the has or have with NOT.
Ex: has not= hasn’t
have not= haven’t
QUESTION change the noun and the
has or have.
Ex: (affirmative) I have cleaned my room.
In question: Have I cleaned my room?
39. TOO AND ENOUGH
Too mucho o demasiado
Enough lo suficiente
Ex:This shirt is too big for me.
Too is first, then the adjective.
My laptop is fast enough to search.
The adjective is first, then the enough.
40. How much, how many, a few,
a little
How much and a little are used for
uncountable nouns like: cheese, milk,
soda, water, sand, jam, soup, homework,
time,money, etc.
Howmany and a few are used for
contable nouns like: apples, leaves,
books, chairs, pens, computers, coins,
songs, etc.
41. How much, how many, a few,
a little
Ex:
How much money do you have?
I have a little money.
How many dollars do you have?
I have a few dollars and many coins.
42. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Who and that PEOPLE.
Which and that THINGS, PLACES, ANIMALS.
So.. (entonces..)
THAT PEOPLE AND THINGS, PLACES,ANIMALS.
(el that se puede utilizar para todo)
WHO only for people.
WHICH only for things, places, animals.
43. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Ex:
Jonhy is a person who has many pets.
Jonhy is a person that has many pets.
Jonhy is a person which has many pets.
Karla, that is a nice girl, has many friends.
Karla, who is a nice girl, has many friends.
Karla, which is a nice girl, has many friends.
The dog is an animal which runs fast.
The dog is an animal that runs fast.
The dog is an animal who runs fast.
44. MUST- HAVE TO
Must debes
Have to tienes que
Ex:
You must study for exams.
Negative: You must not (mustn’t) lie.
Ex:
I have to finish this presentation.
Negative: I don’t have to watch tv.