Ch08

Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Association ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Association ,[object Object],Event 1 Event 2 Sea snail associates splash with a tail shock Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object],Two related events: Lightning Stimulus 1 Thunder Stimulus 2 Result after repetition We see lightning Stimulus We wince anticipating thunder Response

Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],Response: Pushing vending machine button Consequence: Receiving a candy bar

Behaviorism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pavlov’s Classic Experiment Before Conditioning During Conditioning After Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) No salivation UCR (salivation) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCS (food in mouth) UCR (salivation) CS (tone) CR (salivation)

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object]

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning Strength of CR Pause Acquisition (CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous recovery of CR

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Generalization Drops of saliva in 30 seconds 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hind paw Pelvis Shoulder Front paw Thigh Trunk Foreleg Part of body stimulated

Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning UCS (passionate kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) CS (onion breath) CR (sexual arousal) UCS (passionate Kiss) UCR (sexual arousal)

Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) CS (waiting room) CR (nausea) UCS (drug) UCR (nausea)

Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operant Chamber ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Principles of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Schedules of Reinforcement Variable Interval Number of responses 1000 750 500 250 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time (minutes) Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio Fixed Interval Steady responding Rapid responding near time for reinforcement 80

Punishment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Problems with Punishment ,[object Object],[object Object]

Problems with Punishment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Neg. Reinforcement vs Punishment Positive Reinforcement Time Out Punishment Negative Reinforce ment

Operant vs Classical Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning The Response Involuntary, automatic “Voluntary,” operates on environment Acquisition Associating events; Associating response with a CS announces UCS. Consequence (reinforcer or punisher). Cognitive Subjects develop expectation Subjects develop expectation that processes that CS signals the arrival of a response will be reinforced or UCS. Punished; they also exhibit latent learning, without reinforcement Biological Natural predispositions Organisms best learn behaviors predispositions contain what stimuli and similar to their natural behaviors; responses can easily be unnatural behaviors instinctively associated. drift back toward natural ones.

Cognition and Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognition and Operant Conditioning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mindful Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3 myths on ability to learn ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Observational Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Albert Bandura ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Adaptive Brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Can you explain the supermarket tantrum? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Group Assignment/Review “Treatment Plan” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ch08

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Ch08