Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft
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Session about Deep Learning. Introduce to Machine Learning and Deep Learning. Presentation Microsoft framework - Cognitive Toolkit (aka CNTK)
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Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft
- 1. Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft Łukasz Grala lukasz@tidk.pl | lukasz.grala@cs.put.poznan.pl
- 2. Łukasz Grala • Architekt danych w TIDK • Twórca „Data Scientist as as Service” • Certyfikowany trener Microsoft i wykładowca na wyższych uczelniach • Autor zaawansowanych szkoleń i warsztatów, oraz licznych publikacji i webcastów • Od 2010 roku wyróżniany nagrodą Microsoft Data Platform MVP • Doktorant Politechnika Poznańska – Wydział Informatyki (obszar bazy danych, eksploracja danych, uczenie maszynowe) • Prelegent na licznych konferencjach w kraju i na świecie • Posiada liczne certyfikaty (MCT, MCSE, MCSA, MCITP,…) • Członek zarządu Polskiego Towarzystwa Informatycznego Oddział Wielkopolski • Członek i lider Data Community Poland (dawniej Polish SQL Server User Group (PLSSUG)) • Pasjonat analizy, przechowywania i przetwarzania danych, miłośnik Jazzu i MTB email lukasz@tidk.pl - lukasz.grala@cs.put.poznan.pl blog: grala.it
- 3. Agenda • Overview • Artificial Neural Networks & Deep Learning • Software & Frameworks • Cognitive Toolkit (aka CNTK)
- 4. Overview Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft
- 6. Machine Learning 1763 1805 1812 1913 1950 1951 1967 1982 1995 1997 2016 The Underpinngs of Bayes' Theorem Least Squares Bayes' Theorem Markov Chains First Neural Network Machine Nearest NeighborTuring's Learning Machine Recurrent Neural Network Random Forest Algorithm Support Vector Machines IBM Deep Blue Beats Kasparov 2012 Recognizing Cats on YouTube AlphaGo 1958 Single-layer neural network on a room size computer
- 7. Machine Learning “Can machines do what we (as thinking entities) can do?” Alan Touring, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”. Mind, 1950 Turing’s test
- 8. Machine Learning “Machine Learning is a field of computer science that gives computers the ability to learn without explicitly programmed.” Samuel Arthur, “Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers”, IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1959
- 9. Machine Learning “A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.” Tom. M. Mitchell, “Machine Learning. McGraw Hill, 1997
- 10. Supervised Each point in the training data is associated with a label or output Task is to learn a model/hypothesis that predicts output for points not in the training dataset Classification Given a set of features, predict discrete outputs (Fraud/Not Fraud) Regression Given a set of features, predict continuous outputs (Credit score, item price, …) Recommendation Given a set of {user, item, rating} triplets and optionally features about users and items, predict ratings for an item, items similar to a given item, users similar to a given user Anomaly detection Given a set of features for “normal” examples, predict normal vs anomaly
- 11. Unsupervised Points on a training dataset are not associated with known output values Creates a model that learns inherent structure in training data Clustering Given a training dataset, find a small number of centers, ‘k’, that are “close” to points in the dataset Each point in the dataset is associated with at most a single center Principal Component Analysis Given a training dataset with ‘N’ features, find a set of ‘k’ features that approximates the data with bounded error The set of ‘k’ principal components is representative of the original dataset but with much lower dimensionality Time Series ARIMA, ETS,…
- 12. Machine Learning • Estimate product demand • Predict sales figures • Analyze marketing returns Regression • Predict credit risk • Detect fraud • Catch abnormal equipments readings Anomaly Detection • Perform customer segmentation • Predict customer tastes • Determine market price Clustering • Two-Class Classification • Multi-Class ClassificationClassification • Vision and Speech • Text • Time Series Deep Learning
- 13. Artificial Neural Networks & Deep Learning Machine Learning Introduction
- 16. Artificial Neural Networks ANNs are processing devices (algorithms or actual hardware) that are loosely modeled after the neuronal structure of the mamalian cerebral cortex but on much smaller scales. The simplest definition of a neural network, more properly referred to as an 'artificial' neural network (ANN), is provided by the inventor of one of the first neurocomputers, Dr. Robert Hecht-Nielsen. He defines a neural network as: "...a computing system made up of a number of simple, highly interconnected processing elements, which process information by their dynamic state response to external inputs. “
- 17. Neural Networks
- 18. Neural Networks
- 19. Overfitting The green line represents an overfitted model and the black line represents a regularized model. While the green line best follows the training data, it is too dependent on that data and it is likely to have a higher error rate on new unseen data, compared to the black line.
- 20. Deep Learning Use Cases •Sentiment Analysis •Augemented Search •Fraud Detection •NLP Text •Facial Recognition •Emotion Recognition •Image Search •Photo Clustering •Tags •Motion Detection Video and Image •Voice Recognition •Voice Search •Sentiment Analysis •Flaw Detection Sound •Prediction •Recommendation •Risk Detection Time Series
- 21. Convolutional network Convolutional neural network (CNN, or ConvNet) is a class of deep, feed-forward artificial neural networks that has successfully been applied to analyzing visual imagery.
- 24. ImageNet CNN • Model, który zwyciężył w konkursie ImageNet w 2012 • 5 warstw konwolucyjnych i 2 warstwy pełne • Jednostki ReLU i Droput o najwyższej warstwie 60 milionów parametrów • 1.2 mln obrazów treningowych • Klasyfikacja do 1000 klas • Uczenie na dwóch GPU przez tydzień • Błąd 16.4% (drugie miejsce 26.2%)
- 25. ImageNet CNN
- 26. Recurrent Neural Networks A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between units form a directed cycle.
- 27. Long/Short term Memory Network
- 34. ImageNet (ILSVRC top-5 error)
- 35. ImageNet 2017 - Fast R-CNN (from Microsoft Research)
- 36. Software & Frameworks Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft
- 37. Deep Learning - Frameworks
- 39. MicrosoftML
- 40. Learners Algorithms Strengths rxFastLinear Fast, accurate linear learner with auto L1 & L2 rxLogisticRegression Logistic Regression with L1 & L2 rxFastTree Boosted Decision tree from Bing. Competitive wth XGBoost. Most accurate learner for most cases rxFastForest Random Forest rxNeuralNet GPU accelereted Net# DNNs with Convolutions rxOneClassSvm Anomaly or unbalanced binary classification
- 41. Learners - Scalability • Streaming (not RAM bound) • Billions of features • Multi-proc • GPU acceleration for DNNs • Distributed on Hadoop/Spark via Ensambling
- 42. Sentiment Analysis • Pre-trained model • Cognitive Service Parity • Uses DNN Embedding • Domain Adaptation
- 43. Image Featurization Convolutional DNNs with GPU Pre-trained Models • ResNet18 • ResNet 50 • ResNet 101 • AlexNet
- 45. ONNX is a community project created by Facebook and Microsoft. ONNX provides a definition of an extensible computation graph model, as well as definitions of built-in operators and standard data types. Each computation dataflow graph is structured as a list of nodes that form an acyclic graph. Nodes have one or more inputs and one or more outputs. Each node is a call to an operator. The graph also has metadata to help document its purpose, author, etc. Operators are implemented externally to the graph, but the set of built-in operators are portable across frameworks. Every framework supporting ONNX will provide implementations of these operators on the applicable data types.
- 47. Cognitive Toolkit Cognitive Toolkit - Deep Learning framework from Microsoft
- 48. Cognitive Toolkit • FFN, CNN, RNN/LSTN, Batch normalization, Sequence-to-Sequence with attention and more • Reinforcement learning, generative adversarial networks, supervised and unsupervised learning • Ability to add new user-defined core-components on the GPU from Python • Automatic hyperparameter tuning • Built-in readers optimized for massive datasets • Full API’s for defining networks, leaners, readers, training and evaluation from Python, C++, C#, BrainScript • Evaluate models with Python, C++, C#, R and BrainScript • Automatic shape inference based on your data
- 49. CNTK – Layers Library Simple 1-layer hidden layer model – function Dense()
- 50. CNTK – Layers Library Alternative Sequential() 2011-style feed-forward speech-recognition network with 6 hidden sigmoid layers of identical dimensions
- 51. CNTK – Layers Library Multiple Layers
- 52. CNTK – Layers Library Single-Multiple Layers Recurrence Network Recurrence (step_function, go_backwards=default_override_or(False), initial_state=default_override_or(0), return_full_state=False, name=‘’) RecurrenceFrom(step_function, go_backwards=default_override_or(False), return_full_state=False, name=‘’) Fold(folder_function, go_backwards=default_override_or(False), initial_state=default_override_or(0), return_full_state=False, name=‘’) UnfoldFrom(generator_function, until_predicate=None, length_increase=1, name='')
- 53. CNTK – Convolutional Neural Networks
- 54. CNTK – CNN MaxPooling(), AveragePooling() GlobalMaxPooling(), GlobalAveragePooling()
- 55. CNTK – Convolutional Neural Networks Example CNN
- 56. CNTK – Layers Library Long-Short-Term-Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit or Recurrence Neural Netowrk LSTM(shape, cell_shape=None, activation=default_override_or(tanh), use_peepholes=default_override_or(False), init=default_override_or(glorot_uniform()), init_bias=default_override_or(0), enable_self_stabilization=default_override_or(False), name=‘’) GRU(shape, cell_shape=None, activation=default_override_or(tanh), init=default_override_or(glorot_uniform()), init_bias=default_override_or(0), enable_self_stabilization=default_override_or(False), name=‘’) RNNStep(shape, cell_shape=None, activation=default_override_or(sigmoid), init=default_override_or(glorot_uniform()), init_bias=default_override_or(0), enable_self_stabilization=default_override_or(False), name='')
- 57. CNTK – Layers Library Example Reccurent LSTM
- 58. CNTK – Layers Library Functions to create layers for batch normalization, layer normalization, and self- stabilization BatchNormalization(map_rank=default_override_or(None), input init_scale=1, normalization_time_constant=default_override_or(5000), blend_time_constant=0, epsilon=default_override_or(0.00001), use_cntk_engine=default_override_or(False),name=‘’) LayerNormalization(initial_scale=1, initial_bias=0, epsilon=default_override_or(0.00001), name=‘’) Stabilizer(steepness=4, enable_self_stabilization=default_override_or(True), name='')
- 59. 6161 Łukasz Grala, Microsoft MVP CEO, Data Architect Lukasz.grala@cs.put.poznan.pl +48 663832323 http://tidk.pl Lukasz.grala@tidk.pl http://dsaas.co
- 60. 14-16 maja 2018, Wrocław http://sqlday.pl FB/sqlday
- 62. 6464 Łukasz Grala, Microsoft MVP CEO, Data Architect Lukasz.grala@cs.put.poznan.pl +48 663832323 http://tidk.pl Lukasz.grala@tidk.pl http://dsaas.co
Notes de l'éditeur
- AI: ML (Uczenie Bayesowskie, Drzew decyzyjnych, Zbioru reguł, Sieci ekspertowe Sieci neuronowe Dowodzenie twierdzeń Podejmowanie decyzji przy braku pełnych danych Rozumowanie logiczne/racjonalne Logika rozmyta Algorytmy ewolucyjne
- Microsoft Azure VM opis https://docs.microsoft.com/pl-pl/azure/machine-learning/data-science-virtual-machine/overview VM: https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps/microsoft-ads.linux-data-science-vm-ubuntu?tab=Overview https://azuremarketplace.microsoft.com/en-us/marketplace/apps?search=Data%20Science%20Virtual%20Machine&page=1
- shape: output dimension of this layer activation (default: None: pass a function here to be used as the activation function, such as activation=relu input_rank: if given, number of trailing dimensions that are transformed by Dense() (map_rankmust not be given) map_rank: if given, the number of leading dimensions that are not transformed by Dense()(input_rank must not be given) init (default: glorot_uniform()): initializer descriptor for the weights. See cntk.initializer for a full list of random-initialization options. bias: if False, do not include a bias parameter init_bias (default: 0): initializer for the bias FOR EMBEDDING shape: the dimension of the desired embedding vector. Must not be None unless weights are passed init: initializer descriptor for the weights to be learned. See cntk.initializer for a full list of initialization options. weights (numpy array): if given, embeddings are not learned but specified by this array (which could be, e.g., loaded from a file) and not updated further during training
- filter_shape: shape of receptive field of the filter, e.g. (5,5) for a 2D filter (not including the input feature-map depth) num_filters: number of output channels (number of filters) activation: optional non-linearity, e.g. activation=relu init: initializer descriptor for the weights, e.g. glorot_uniform(). See cntk.initializer for a full list of random-initialization options. pad: if False (default), then the filter will be shifted over the “valid” area of input, that is, no value outside the area is used. If pad is True on the other hand, the filter will be applied to all input positions, and values outside the valid region will be considered zero. strides: increment when sliding the filter over the input. E.g. (2,2) to reduce the dimensions by 2 bias: if False, do not include a bias parameter init_bias: initializer for the bias use_correlation: currently always True and cannot be changed. It indicates that Convolution()actually computes the cross-correlation rather than the true convolution
- filter_shape: receptive field (window) to pool over, e.g. (2,2) (not including the input feature-map depth) strides: increment when sliding the pool over the input. E.g. (2,2) to reduce the dimensions by 2 pad: if False (default), then the pool will be shifted over the “valid” area of input, that is, no value outside the area is used. If pad is True on the other hand, the pool will be applied to all input positions, and values outside the valid region will be considered zero. For average pooling, count for average does not include padded values.
- filter_shape: receptive field (window) to pool over, e.g. (2,2) (not including the input feature-map depth) strides: increment when sliding the pool over the input. E.g. (2,2) to reduce the dimensions by 2 pad: if False (default), then the pool will be shifted over the “valid” area of input, that is, no value outside the area is used. If pad is True on the other hand, the pool will be applied to all input positions, and values outside the valid region will be considered zero. For average pooling, count for average does not include padded values.
- shape: dimension of the output cell_shape (optional): the dimension of the LSTM’s cell. If None, the cell shape is identical to shape. If specified, an additional linear projection will be inserted to project from the cell dimension to the output shape. use_peepholes (optional): if True, then use peephole connections in the LSTM init: initializer descriptor for the weights. See cntk.initializer for a full list of initialization options. enable_self_stabilization (optional): if True, insert a Stabilizer() for the hidden state and cell
- BatchNormalization: map_rank: if given then normalize only over this many leading dimensions. E.g. 1 to tie all (h,w) in a (C, H, W)-shaped input. Currently, the only allowed values are None (no pooling) and 1 (e.g. pooling across all pixel positions of an image) normalization_time_constant (default 5000): time constant in samples of the first-order low-pass filter that is used to compute mean/variance statistics for use in inference initial_scale: initial value of scale parameter epsilon: small value that gets added to the variance estimate when computing the inverse use_cntk_engine: if True, use CNTK’s native implementation. If false, use cuDNN’s implementation (GPU only). disable_regularization: if True then disable regularization in BatchNormalization. LayerNormalization: initial_scale: initial value of scale parameter initial_bias: initial value of bias parameter Stabilizer: steepness: sharpness of the knee of the softplus function