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Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo: Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
1. University of Makati
College of Maritime Leadership Innovation
J.P. Rizal Extension West Rembo, Makati City
Heneral Emilio Aguinaldo: Mga
Gunita ng Himagsikan
Presentor:
Emmanuel L. Luna
Jefferey G. Manuel
I-ABSMT
3. Emilio Famy Aguinaldo Sr. was born on March 22,
1869 in Cavite el Viejo (present-day Kawit), in Cavite
province, to Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad
Famy-Aguinaldo, a Tagalog Chinese mestizo couple
who had eight children, the seventh of whom was
Emilio Sr. The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-
do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the
community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal
governor) in the Spanish colonial administration
and his grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and
Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo. He studied at Colegio de
San Juan de Letran but wasn't able to finish his
studies due to outbreak of cholera in 1882.
4. Emilio became the "Cabeza de Barangay" of
Binakayan, a chief barrio of Cavite el Viejo,
when he was only 17 years old to avoid
conscription.
In 1895 the Maura Law that called for the
reorganization of local governments was
enacted. At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became
Cavite el Viejo's first "gobernadorcillo
capitan municipal" (Municipal Governor-
Captain) while on a business trip in Mindoro.
5. Emilio Aguinaldo was born in Kawit,
Cavite, on March 22, 1869. If he were
alive today, it would be his 148th
birthday. As we all know, he lived a very
long life and died at 94 of coronary
thrombosis in Veterans Memorial
Hospital (now Veterans Memorial
Medical Center) in Quezon City where
he was confined for 469 days before his
death. Hounded by controversy to his
deathbed, the last issue that swirled
around him was whether he died a
Catholic or not.
6. Revolutionary and political career
3.1Philippine Revolution and battles
3.2Battle of Imus
3.3Twin battles of Binakayan-Dalahican
3.4Battle of Zapote Bridge
3.5Spanish Cavite offensive and the Battle of Perez
Dasmariñas
3.6Tejeros Convention and the execution of
Bonifacio
3.7Retreat to Montalban
3.8Biak-na-Bato
3.9Return to the Philippines and Philippine
Declaration of Independence
7. Newspaper photos of the aged
Aguinaldo receiving communion from
a hospital chaplain were presented as
proof he had returned to the Church.
But this did not sway others who
claimed that he didn’t know what was
being put in his mouth, or that he was
tricked into receiving the host,
thinking it was his medication.
8.
9. A year before his death Aguinaldo
donated his Kawit mansion and all its
contents to the government. It is now
under the care of the National
Historical Commission of the
Philippines and known as the Emilio
Aguinaldo Shrine. Unlike the Jose Rizal
Shrine in Calamba, Laguna, or the Juan
Luna Shrine in Badoc, Ilocos Norte,
both modern reproductions, the Emilio
Aguinaldo Shrine is all original and
provides visitors with a sense of how
Aguinaldo spent his last years.
10. The original house of wood with a
thatch roof is no more because
Aguinaldo expanded it into the present
mansion that includes the iconic
“Independence Balcony” added on the
original window where the Declaration
of Independence was read on June 12,
1898.
11. Aguinaldo’s elegant home has a number
of secret passageways that allowed him
to go in and out of the house without
being seen by visitors: A cabinet turns
to reveal a passage into the bedroom;
the floor on the side of the bathroom
can be lifted to reveal a staircase down
to the ground-floor swimming pool and
bowling alley; a heavy stone table in the
center of the kitchen covers a tunnel
that allegedly led to either the nearby
church or the town cemetery.
12. All these architectural and design
details of the house unfortunately
overshadow the work that has to be
done in the home library filled with
old books, magazines, newspaper
clippings and, perhaps, some
unpublished manuscripts that
await young and curious historians.
13. Aguinaldo scribbled a lot in his old age.
Between 1928 and 1946, he produced in long
hand the first volume of his memoirs, “Mga
Gunita ng Himagsikan (1964),” translated
from the original Tagalog as “Memoirs of the
Revolution” (1967). In his preface Aguinaldo
says the memoirs were based on a diary he
kept, documents he preserved, and family
lore gathered from his elders. We do not
know whether this diary is extant or whether
a promised second volume of the memoirs
were fully written out. All we have is an
account from his birth and early years,
ending with the 1897 Treaty of Biak-na-Bato.
14. The second volume would cover the resumption
of the Philippine Revolution against Spain and
the Philippine-American War. Aguinaldo wanted
to correct history by making reference to the
historian’s confused accounts on the beginning
of the Revolution:
“Except for those that were written, other details
had been forgotten. Many details showed
inconsistencies because not all sources were
documented for lack of reliable references. For
instance, the right day of the First Cry of
Balintawak could not be ascertained. Some say
this took place on August 23, 1896 at the old
Bonifacio Monument in Balintawak, others
claim it happened on August 24, 1896. . . . we
now have too many markers for a single event.”
15. The date we use in our textbooks and
official commemorations was chosen by
the National Historical Commission over
other dates (in August and Sept. 5, 1896)
presented by other sources. Aguinaldo
stated that this event took place in
Balintawak, but the late historian Teodoro
A. Agoncillo took the word of Pio
Valenzuela and argued for Pugadlawin.
Aside from these two places, the other
contenders are: Kangkong, Bahay Toro,
Pasong Tamo, Pacpac Lawin and, if we are
to believe in komiks, Pugad Baboy.
16. It may add more confusion to our history, but
someone should track down Volume 2 of
Aguinaldo’s memoirs, his diary and other
papers. These are probably tucked away in
some secret compartment or forgotten
drawer in the Aguinaldo Shrine.
