Dapsys08 dl on_grid

Cluj Napoca, 28 August 2008
2008 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing
Digital Libraries Workshop
Towards a GRID-Based Digital Library
Management System.
Gheorghe Sebestyén-Pál1
, Doina Banciu2
, Tünde Bálint1
,
Bogdan Moscaiuc1
, and Ágnes Sebestyén-Pál1
1- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca
2 - ICI Bucharest

Debrecen, 3-5 September 2008, DAPSYS’08
7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DISTRIBUTED AND PARALLEL SYSTEMS
Content
 Classical vs. Digital Libraries
 Recent research on Digital Libraries (DL)
 Main issues and requirements for DLs
 An ontology-based DL model
 Grid-enabled DL
 Implementation considerations of a pilot DL
 Experiments
 Conclusions

Classical vs. Digital Libraries
 Classical library
 a repository of knowledge organized mainly on
paper
 Digital library
 Not only a digitized version of a classical library
 A new set of functionalities and services are added (e.g.
access control, resources management and allocation,
complex search and processing services, etc.)
 A data exchange and cooperation environment
 DLs are becoming digital content management systems
 Incorporates a wide variety of formats and data types ( text,
audio, video, multi-document complex digital objects)
 Uses a variety of communication and data-exchange
protocols and standards

IT and Communication technologies involved in
the implementation of digital libraries
http://mapageweb.umontreal.ca/turner/meta/english/metamap.html

Goals for modern DLs
 DELOS project’s vision –
 “to enable any person to access all human knowledge
anytime and anywhere, in a friendly, multi-modal,
efficient, and effective way, by overcoming barriers of
distance, language, and culture and by using multiple
Internet-connected devices”
 DL - a knowledge repository and an information
exchange infrastructure that allows:
 data generation,
 processing and
 seamless access to relevant information, regardless of the
geographic distribution of hardware resources, databases
or persons.

Research in digital libraries
 Delos Network of Excellence –
 Goals: to define and implement digital libraries on new computing and
communication technologies
 Achievements: definition of functional and architectural
requirements for DL implementation
 BRICKS project
 Goals: to design a user and service-oriented space to share
knowledge and resources in a multi-cultural heritage.
 Achievements:
 Definition of a digital library architecture for a very broad and
heterogeneous user community; automatic indexing and annotation
functionalities
 OpenDlib project
 Goal: development of a software toolkit for dedicated DLs generation
 Achievements: tools for content harvesting form existing resources
 Fedora, DSpace – open source software for DLs
 Lucene – open source Search engines

Research in digital libraries (cont.)
 Diligent project (part of EGEE project)
 Goal: the use of GRID infrastructure for DL implementation
 Achievements: a new vision about the DL concept:
 DL = a dynamic digital content repository and management system
dedicated for a purpose (e.g. a project, an art collection, an academic
course)
 Definition of generic DL services mapped on GRID services
 DLs dedicated for different domains – with powerful processing
capabilities
 SINRED project – National Excellency project
 Goal: development of a national framework for DLs specialized on
technical sciences and research
 Achievements: evaluation of requirements, evaluation of existing
software, infrastructure development, DL model definition,
implementation of a pilot DL
 SIPADOC project – National research program
 Goal: reevaluation of the national patrimony through DLs
 Achievements: evaluation of digitizing tools

Key issues in DL implementation
 Architectural issues:
 distributed nature of storage, processing and access resources
 Scalability, flexibility, interoperability
 Functional requirements:
 Core functions: storage, indexing and annotation, data-search, content
retrieval, users management
 Content organization should reflect semantic connections
 Processing facilities
 Data processing services – specialized for different fields
 Pattern search and recognition
 QoS issues
 Restricted time to obtain relevant information
 Reasonable time for complex data processing
 User and access control management
 Virtual organizations
 Role-based access

DL = Essence & Metadata Management
Text
Audio
Video
Text
Digital content
generation and
harvesting
Management of
essence
Automatic feature
(metadata) extraction
Metadata
Management
Cataloging, indexing,
annotation
Access and
visualization
Cataloging
information system

An ontology-based
Digital Library approach
 Ontology: concepts and relations together with a
reasoning engine
 Ontology for technical and scientific domains
 Main concepts:
 Digital objects:
 association of content, metadata and
procedures
 Examples: articles, technical reports,
prospects, PhD Thesis, patents
 Digital collections
 Set of digital objects structured for a
given goal/purpose of based on a
given criterion
 Examples: articles of an author,
documents of a domain
 Events
 Conferences, workshops, seminars
 Processes
 Projects
 Courses
 Virtual organizations
 Roles
 users

Grid-enabled digital library services
 Why DLs on GRID infrastructure?
 Huge volume of documents/digital objects
 Concurrent access and multiple search engines (see
Google)
 Multimedia streaming
 Automatic indexing and annotation
 Complex processing requires prohibitive time
 User management through virtual organizations
 Job distribution facilities offered by GRID

DL functions mapped on GRID services
Computing, storage and communication resources
Digital Library
GRID Services
Collections
management
Catalog and
metadata
management
Digital objects
management
Users’
management
Data
visualization
Virtual
organizations
management
Resource
management
Task
distribution
Processing
Data distribution
and replication
Data processing

Experiments
 Two approaches:
 DL implementation on Alchemi GRID (Microsoft)
 Job distribution at thread level
 Explicit GRID programming
 Experiments with multimedia streaming (multimedia content
distribution)
 DL implementation on Condor GRID (Open source)
 Job distribution at task level
 Job and data distribution is transparent to the DL application
( distribution is made through separate scripts)
 Experiments with “key-word search” in the whole DL content
 The execution time decreased with the number of executor
computers
 For more than 5 executors the scheduling and communication
time is comparable with the execution time

A pilot implementation of a Digital library
framework developed with GRID support
 Goal: implementation of a digital content storage and retrieval
system dedicated for educational and scientific activities (courses,
projects, etc.)
 Main requirements:
 A DL adaptable for a given purpose/goal
 Access controlled and restricted with virtual organizations
 Ontology-based approach (concepts, relations, semantic search)
 Advanced search procedures
 GRID-enabled full-text search services – for better reaction time
 Access through Internet browsers
 The result:
 A distributed digital library application, which allows:
 Management of digital objects (upload, storage, indexing, metadata
creation
 Management of collections
 Management of users and virtual organizations

Pilot DL details:
(www.bib-dig.utcluj.ro)
 Management of digital objects
 Digital Documents’ upload,
 Annotation, metadata generation according with
Dublin Core
 Distributed Storage of data
 Management of collections
 Define a new collection
 Attach new documents to an existing collection
 Associate access rights to a collection
 Management of users and virtual organizations
 Define new users and new virtual organizations
 Define roles
 Associate roles to users and collections

Snapshots of the DL application’s interface
bib-dig.utcluj.ro

Snapshots of the DL application’s interface

Search techniques in DLs
 through key-word or index search:
 Database techniques
 through semantic Information
Retrieval:
 Semantic graph with documents
and concepts
 through non-semantic Information
Retrieval:
 Naive Bayes Algorithm
 Probabilistic approach
 Based on probabilistic
similarity between documents
 Topic-Based Vector Space
Model Algorithm

Experimental results
Execution time v. s. number of executor nodes
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1 2 3 4 5
Nodes
Time(s)
Search execution time
Scheduling and
communication time
(case 1)
Scheduling and
communication time
(case 2)
Total time (case1)
Total time (case2)

Experiments

Conclusions
 DLs are complex content management systems that extend the functionalities of
classical libraries:
 Semantic organization of a wide variety of information formats
 Multiple search and data retrieval techniques (including full-text and
semantic search):
 Key-word full-text search
 Semantic search
 Statistical and probabilistic retrieval and classification
 Access control to distributed and remote data
 DLs are Data exchange and cooperation environments
 Useful for remote and cooperative work
 DLs must include powerful search and data retrieval engines
 GRID infrastructures may be a feasible support in the implementation of DLs
 For more efficient parallel search, classification or automatic annotation

Cluj Napoca, 28 August 2008
2008 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing
Digital Libraries Workshop
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Dapsys08 dl on_grid

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