2. PRESENT PERFECT
When we talk about something that
happened in the past, but we don't
specify precisely when it
happened
3. EXAMPLES
• I have complained about the traffic before.
• I've washed my hands so that I can help you
with the cooking.
• A French yachtsman has broken the record
for sailing round the world.
5. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE
• They have just arrived.
• They've already arrived.
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
• I haven't told him yet.
QUESTION
• Has Linda started her new job yet?
6. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We use the present perfect continuous to talk
about a situation or activity that started in the
past and has been in progress for a period until
now or it may just have stopped.
7. EXAMPLES
• The competition has been running every
year since 1980.
• She's been living in New Zealand for over
a year now.
• he's been working in Germany.
8. STRUCTURE
Positivo
Sujeto+ have/has + been + VP terminado en "ing". You have been
working.
Negativo
Sujeto + have/has +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You have not
(haven't) been working.
Pregunta
Have/has+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Have you been
working?
9. AFFIRMATIVE
• The guests have been arriving since about 6
o'clock.
• She's been driving for 3 years now.
NEGATIVE
• George hasn´t been felling very well lately.
QUESTION
• have you been crying?
10. PAST PERFECT
We use the past perfect to talk about a past
situation or activity that took place before
another past situation or activity, or before a
particular time in the past.
11. EXAMPLES
• I had gone to bed when the phone rang.
• When he stopped laughing, everyone had
left.
• I had wanted to visit the gallery before I
left Florence.
12. STRUCTURE
Positivo Sujeto + had + Participio. You had read.
Negativo Sujeto + had +not + Participio. You had not (hadn't) read.
Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ Participio+? Had you read?
13. AFFIRMATIVE
• When I arrived at the party, Tom had gone
home.
NEGATIVE
• The house was dirty. We hadn´t cleaned it for
weeks.
QUESTION
• Had they drunk all night?
14. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
We use the past perfect continuous when we
talk about a situation or activity that happened
over a period up to a particular past time, or
until shortly before it.
15. STRUCTURE
Positivo Sujeto+ had + been + VP terminado en "ing". You had been working.
Negativo
Sujeto + had +not+ been+ VP terminado en"ing".You had not (hadn't)
been working.
Pregunta Had+ Sujeto+ been+ VP terminado en "ing"+? Had you been working?
16. AFFIRMATIVE
• Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally
gave it up.
• I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been
working hard all day.
NEGATIVE
• Mason was arrested, even though he hadn't been
doing anything illegal.
QUESTION
• How long had you been waiting when the bus
finally came?
17. NARRATIVES AND STORIES
The Purpose is to entertain, motivate or teach
and they are full of imagination and fantasy.
Often use past tenses to narrate them.
18. PARTS OF A STORY
• CHARACTER: A person, animal or imaginary
creature in your story.
22. Marsha and Felix got married
one Saturday in June. They
had met only one week
earlier at a party and had
fallen passionately in love.
Marsha rang and told her
parents her news after the
wedding, when Felix had
moved into her flat.
They were surprised and
angry. Unfortunately, after a
few months, their marriage
started to go wrong. Felix had
met another woman….
