-SYMBOLISM--Symbolic Representation of time

1. SYMBOLISM
Symbolic Representation of time-
Leach
Huma Ayaz Khan
Syeda Rabia Zia
Nimra Mumtaz
Sumra Iqbal
Sman Asim

2. SYMBOLISM
• Symbolism is something which stand for or
represent something.
• Symbolism is using of symbols to signify ideas
and qualities by giving them symbolic
meaning that are different from their literal
sense
• It is an object to represent other to give it
different meaning that is much deeper and
significant

3. Kinds of Symbolization
• The most important kinds of symbolization is
• LANGUAGE
• RELIGION
• LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS
• 8000 year ago human were using symbols to
represent words and concepts

4. CONT….
• Symbols occur in different form verbal and
non verbal, written and unwritten, explicit and
implicit
• Our ancestors represent their groups by
• Cloths
• Colors
• Symbols are cultural representation of reality

5. Religion and symbols
• Religious symbols is an iconic representation
intended to represent a specific religion, or a
specific concept within a religion
• The Christian cross has traditionally been a
symbol representing Christendom as whole
• Religious symbols are sacred or holy
• Both intellectual and emotional significance to
the people who hold them

7. Conti…
• Clifford Geertz point out that religious
symbols both
• Models of reality
• Models for reality
• Models of reality express the culturally
defined conception of the way the is actually
organized and models for reality represent the
way it should organized as man can influence
it.

8. Symbolic Representation of Time
Edmund R. Leach
Leach’s two short essays appeared in the
Toronto University publication Explorations.
a) CRONUS AND CHRONOS
b) TIME AND FALSE NOSES

9. What is TIME?
• What is the nature of time?
• Notion of Repetition
• Notion of non-Repetition
• Whithead says, ‘’Time is the sheer succession
of epochal duration’’
• Oscillations

10. GREEK MYTHOLOGY
Explaining Time

11. Symbolic representation of time
Greekmythology

12. Cronus was regarded as a symbol for time
• Cronus KINGS OF TITAN
• Cronus was youngest of
the titans
• He spouse his own sister
rhea
• Cronus kill his father
• Scared of being by their
own kids
• He devour his kids
• One kid zeus remain alive

14. Cont…
• Zeus overthrow his
father
• Cronus vomit out his
devour five kids
• Zeus and Cronus fought
for ten year
• Zeus become supreme
god

15. Time back again
• One day the age of Zeus will come to end
• Age of Cronus no women
• There was no women no strife
• Time will repeat again
• Rituals of Cronus

16. Cronus an appropriate symbol of time
• Interrelated concept of time
• Endless continuum from past to future
• Born, Swallowed, Vomited up
Frazer & Jane Harrison
• Corn spirits and year spirits
• Harvest is logically end of sequence of time
• symbolized by Reversal of social roles

17. Greek ideas about time
• Ideas about times underwent considerable
development
• Active and inactive
• Good and bad
• Empty time and period of active time

18. Cont…
• According to leach third elements which
oscillate this third element is in concrete form
which is semen
• Rain zeus
• Fire hepheastos

19. • Last symbolic elemnt “phallus”
• Which distinghuish female from male
• Connect this phallus symbol with time
• Cronus myth does “make him creator of time

20. The myth is the creation of myth not story of
beginning of world but the story of beginning of
time beginning of becoming

21. Radcliffe-brown & Levis Strauss
• Rad cliffe doctrine Concerning with the
identification of alternating generation tend to
exhibits “solidarity” in opposition of
intervening father
• Levis staruss place upon marriage as a symbol
of alliance

22. Abstract Algebraic Forms
• A.1
B.1
A.2
B.2

23. Cont…
• In Radcliffe brown argument the As and Bs are
opposed but linked
• In levis Strauss the As and Bs are the males of
contending kin groups allied by interchange of
women

24. EdumanR. LeachArugument
• Greek tended to conceptualized the time
process as a zigzag of this same type
• In a structural sense Cronus myth represent
separation of A from B
• Beginning of life also beginning of death
• Leach said all primitive people necessarily
think about time in way “kachin”
(women are root of all evil)

25. Time and False Noses
Introduction :
In this topic it is said in all over the world people mark
calendars by mean of festivals.
Everyone having variety of festivals
Some are same and some are curiously contradict
People dress up differently some dress up in uniform ,in funny
clothes etc and showing special behavior
Mark individuals social development with festivals, symbols and
rituals
Then writer further asked a question why should we demarcate
time in this way ?

26. TIME
• How we observe and recognize time ?
we experiences time ,but not with our senses .we don’t see it,
touch it,smell,it taste it , hear it … how then ?
we experience time in three ways
1) We recognize repetition
time is defined here with intervals , time intervals duration
always begin and end with same thing
2) We recognize aging ,
we recognize time as it never repeat itself , time is
irreversible.
3) Thirdly time concern the rate at which time passes
the rate of time varies at in different stages of life , time is
having irregular flow

27. From all these facts it is declared that time is
not an intrinsic but this is man made
projection fits into environment for own
purposes.
Primitive people measures time like years
round itself ,annual sequence of economic
activities etc.
Considered astrology as erratic even you
can never know what stars are going to get
up next.

28. Why shouldn’t time slow down and stop occasionally ,or
even go into reverse n the basis of experiences suggest
that time must necessarily flow past a even go into
constant speed , why?
Time is going on process
Some people take time as going on and on.
Going round and round
And some of people take it as going back and forth.
Resembling it as pendulum
With pendulum view of time sequence of things is
discontinuous ,intervals are distinguished as repeated
opposites , tick tock tick tock ,day night ,hot cold, wet
dry.

29. Direction of time flow
• The direction of time flow is man made. It is
ordered by the societies which participate in
festal rites. These rites are sacrificial in nature,
these rites are the techniques for changing the
status of person from profane to sacred or from
sacred to profane.
• In the diagram there are four phases of a moral
person.

30. Direction of time flow
Phase B Phase C
Phase A
Phase D
Sacred
Profane

31. Phase A:
The phase is called as rite of sacralization. It
means that a person is transferred from profane world
to the sacred world, he “dies”
Phase B:
The state in which the person is in the
sacred condition. The man social life has stopped.
Phase C:
The rite of desacralization. The person is
brought back from sacred to profane, it means the
person is reborn his secular time starts.
Phase D:
This is the state of normal secular life.

32. Types of behavior
• The types of behavior which we encounter on
ritual occasions are:
• Formality
• Masquerade
• Role reversal

33. Types of behavior
Formality:
The type of behavior in which formality is increased ,
men adopt formal uniform , differences of status are defined
by dress and etiquette ,moral rues are obeyed.
Examples:
An English Sunday, The Church Ceremony, University
Degree Taking Ceremonies ….etc.
Masquerade :
Masquerade means pretend to be something or someone that
you are not. In this the individual , instead of emphasizing
his social personality and official status , he seeks to cover it.
The world goes in a mask , the formal rules are forgotten.
Example : Fancy Dress Party

34. Cont…
Role reversal:
This behavior is in very few instance. The behavior
is an extreme form of celebrations in which the
participants play-act at being the opposite to what
they really are. In these festivals the normal social
life is played in reverse.
Examples:
Men act as women , women act as men, servants act
as masters, kings act as beggars.

35. Cont…
These behaviors are conceptually distinct but
they are in practice closely associated. It means
the rite which starts from formality is likely to
ends in masquerade (e.g. A Wedding) or the rite
which starts from masquerade is likely to end in
formality(e.g. New Year’s Eve)

36. • Formality and masquerade are therefore
contrasted opposites in term of diagram to
contrast between phase A and phase C. It is
symbolic of a complete transfer from profane to
sacred , normal life has stopped , sacred time is
played in reverse , death is converted into birth.
• The role reversal behavior is not common in our
societies but is common enough in ethnographic
literature and in Medieval Europe . Such
behaviors are associated with funerals, rite de
passage or with year’s end.

37. AnyQUESTIONS?
THANKYOU!