The document discusses the definitions and key differences between state, government, association, and society. It defines a state as a group of people living in a defined territory under an organized government and international recognition. A government is the instrument that operates the state. An association is a group of people organized for a common purpose. Finally, a society is a large group of people in interpersonal relationships within a shared territory typically under the same political authority. The key difference between a state and society is that a state has sovereignty and the right to use legitimate power, while a society can exist without a state and lacks such authority.

1. Mahesh Jaiwantrao Patil
M.A. (Political Science), M.Phil, NET, SET, & Ph.D(Pursuing)
Assistant Professor,
Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

2.  State
 Government
 Association
 Society
 Difference between State & Government
 Difference between State & Association
 Difference between State & Society

3. Introduction:
 It is a political institution.
 It is a greatest of all human associations.
 Every individual is a member of the state.
 It is a politically organized society.
 The term state became very popular in 16th
century when the Italian political thinker
Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) used it for
the first time in his book “The Prince”.

4. Meaning: vFkZ &
 It is assembly of human being occupying a
definite territory of defined boundaries under
an organized government, subject to no
outside authority will control.
 It is established by the consent of people and
recognized internationally.

5. Definition:O;k[;k &
 Woodrow Wilson: State is people organized
for law within definite territory.
 Oppenheim: The State exists when a people
settle in a country under its own sovereignty.
 Burger: State is a particular portion of a
mankind viewed as an organised unit.

6. Essential elements of State:
jkT;kps vk/kkjHkqr /kVd &
1) Population
2) Territory
3) Government
4) Sovereignty
5) International Recognition

7. Territory:- Hkqizns’k
 people must live permanently on a definite
portion of land permanently to make a State.
 the people do not become a State until they have
acquired territory.
 Now days whether a State is small or big in
territory, it becomes powerful provided it has
scientific technological advancement.
 Example: U.K, France, Austria and Switzerland.
 India & China –are not powerful –in spite of their
vast areas ,big population and long history.

8. Government: ‘kklu
 Government is a instrument /machinery in
the hands of State to express the will of State
/ people.
 It is a sum total of Legislature, Executive and
Judiciary & internals bodies –which are
engaged to perform some functions of the
State to make the life of the people
comfortable .
 It sets rules and regulations ,control men’s
behavior.
 It Solves the common problem of society.


9. Sovereignty: lkoZHkkSeRo
 it is supreme power of the State to take any
decision regarding with internal and external
matters of the country.
 It makes a state independent & supreme.
 It is internal supremacy & external
independence.
 It is free to make its own foreign policy
decision without any external pressure.

10. International Recognition:-
vkarjjkf”Vª;ekU;rk
 State must have recognized by other states.
 The sovereignty will have due value when it
is recognized by other State.

11. State
 It is broader concept. It
consists of all citizen of
State.
Example: U.S.A & U.K
 It has four element.
 It is a permanent institution.
 State powers are original
,unlimited ,fundamental &
primary.
Government
 It is narrow concept. It is a
body of some citizen of
state.
Example: Mr.Modi & Mr.
Obama Government.
 It is one of the element of
State. The State operates
through Government
 It is temporary institution
subject to change.
 It has only limited powers
delegated by State authority.

12.  For State- sovereignty is
essentials.
 State can’t be opposed by
the people because they
don’t have right to do so.
 Loyalty of the citizen to
their state is compulsory.
 It does not have different
form / types.
 It is the master.
 It does not possess
sovereignty. It acts on
behalf of the State.
 A government can be
opposed / changed by
people when it does not
work.
 People have rights to
criticize for its acts.
 It has many forms / types
Example: Democracy,
Dictatorship, military
Rule & etc….
 It is a servant of the State

13. Introduction:-
 It is a group of people having a common purpose, interest and
aim.
Example: Club, Family, Church, Chamber of Commerce
 an organization of people with a common purpose and having
a formal structure.
 It is a group of persons or members who are associated &
organized into a unity of will for common good.
 It can be organized On the basis of Political , social ,economic
& religious ground.

14.  Essential requirement for Association.
1. A group of People.
2. These people must be organized one
3. They must have a common purpose.
Definition:
1. Bogardus: - “ Association is usually a working
together of people to achieve some purpose”.
2. MacIver:- “ An organization deliberately formed for
the collective pursuit of some interest or set so interests,
which the members of it share ,it terms as association ”.
Meaning
It is group of individual who are organized .They are
associated by will for a common end.

15. State
 State is permanent.
Example: India , U.S.A.
 State is supreme to all
other associations
Association
 Associations are
temporary. They can be
dissolved after their
specific purpose is
achieved.
Example: Lokpal
Movement 2011.
 Associations are
controlled by the State,
through laws &
regulations

16.  Members of a State is
compulsory.
 The scope of a state is very
wide.
 State has a fixed & definite
territory
 State possesses the element
of sovereignty. No one can
challenge or disobey the
State.
 State has the authority to
use the power.
 Membership of association
is optional.
 Associations have a limited
scope.
 Associations are not limited
by boundaries . they can
branches in any part of the
world.
 Associations are not
sovereign. Its membership
depends upon the will of the
individual.
 Association does not have
power to use the force. It is
based on co-operation.

17.  Welfare of all is the
objective of the State.
 An individual can be
citizen of only one
State.
 State is a political
association, supreme to
all other state.
 Welfare of its members
is the aim of an
association.
 An individual can be
member of any number
of associations at the
same time.
 Associations can be
social, economic,
cultural, political or
religious.

18. Introduction:-
A group of people living independently, attempting
to solve their problem by common action. it is the
web of social relationships.
A human society is a group of people involved in
persistent interpersonal relationships, or a large
social grouping sharing the same geographical or
social territory, typically subject to the same
political authority.

19.  Man never lives in isolation. He lives in association
with other men, because nature itself has made man a
social animal with various types needs. A man has to
depend on many other men for satisfying his
countless need.
 Many men for satisfying their countless need form
society.
 In modern world , we take it for granted that all men
& women live as members of society with mutual
help, co-operation & support.

20. Meaning:-
 It is very large group of men & women. Within the
large framework , we find family, class, caste, club,
trade Union, school,chruch, political party & many
other groups.
 Definition :-
 Prof.Ginsberg:-
“ A society is a collection of
individuals united by certain relations or
modes of behavior which work them off from
others who do not enter into those relations
or who differ from them in behavior”.

21. State
 The state is a small part
of the society.
 State is artificial.
 State is the result of
man’s political
consciousness..
 State is only political
association.
 Sovereignty is an
essential element of
State.
Society
 Society is a primary
association.
 Society is natural.
 Society is prior to the
state.
 Society is an association
of many associations.
 Society does not
possess any sovereign
power. It can only
exercise moral force.

22.  State is a compulsory
organization.
 State is only concerned
with man in his political
dimensions.
 State is a legal
organization.
 State must have the
Government.
 A state has rules & laws
 Society is a voluntary
organization.
 Society seeks to develop
all aspects of human life.
 Society is a social
organization.
 Society may not have any
organization to implement
its principles.
 A society is based on
custom & traditions.

23.  State can not exist
without society.
 State has the right to use
legitimate power.
 Society can exist
without state.
 Society has no such
authority.

24.  Distinguish the State & Government in detail. (April
2012).
 Elements of State.(April 2012).
 Explain in detail difference between state & society,
State & association.(April 2014)
 Distinguish clearly between state & society, state &
association. (Nov. 2012)
 What is state ? Explain the essential elements of State.
(Nov 2011)
 What is meant by state ? Discuss the essential elements
of State. (Nov 2011, 2013)
 Difference between state & society.(Nov 2011, 2013)

25. 
The End

26. Introduction:-
A group of people living independently, attempting to solve
their problem by common action. it is the web of social
relationships.
A human society is a group of people involved in
persistent interpersonal relationships, or a large social
grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory,
typically subject to the same political authority.

27. Meaning:-
 It is very large group of men & women. Within the large
framework , we find family, class, caste, club, trade
Union, school,chruch, political party & many other
groups.
 Definition :-
 Prof.Ginsberg:-
“ A society is a collection of
individuals united by certain relations or modes
of behavior which work them off from others who
do not enter into those relations or who differ
from them in behavior

28.  State can not exist
without society.
 State has the right to use
legitimate power State
can not exist without
society.
 State has the right to use
legitimate power
 Society can exist
without state.
 Society has no such
authority.

29.  Distinguish the State & Government in detail. (April
2012).
 Elements of State.(April 2012).
 Explain in detail difference between state & society,
State & association.(April 2014)
 Distinguish clearly between state & society, state &
association. (Nov. 2012)
 What is state ? Explain the essential elements of State.
(Nov 2011)
 What is meant by state ? Discuss the essential elements
of State. (Nov 2011, 2013)
 Difference between state & society.(Nov 2011, 2013

30. Meaning:-
 It is very large group of men & women. Within the
large framework , we find family, class, caste, club,
trade Union, school,chruch, political party & many
other groups.
 Definition :-
 Prof.Ginsberg:-
“ A society is a collection of
individuals united by certain relations or
modes of behavior which work them off from
others who do not enter into those relations
or who differ from them in behavior”.